An improved large eddy simulation of two-phase flows in a pump impeller

An improved large eddy simulation using a dynamic second-order sub-grid-scale (SGS) stress model has been developed to model the governing equations of dense turbulent particle-liquid two-phase flows in a rotating coordinate system, and continuity is conserved by a mass-weighted method to solve the filtered governing equations. In the current second-order SGS model, the SGS stress is a function of both the resolved strain-rate and rotation-rate tensors, and the model parameters are obtained from the dimensional consistency and the invariants of the strain-rate and the rotation-rate tensors. In the numerical calculation, the finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations with a staggered grid system. The SIMPLEC algorithm is applied for the solution of the discretized governing equations. Body-fitted coordinates are used to simulate the two-phase flows in complex geometries. Finally the second-order dynamic SGS model is successfully applied to simulate the dense turbulent particle-liquid two-phase flows in a centrifugal impeller. The predicted pressure and velocity distributions are in good agreement with experimental results. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50779069 and 90510007), the Start-up Scientific Research Foundation of China Agricultural University (2006021) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (3071002).     

主应力轴旋转下黏土累积变形的分数阶元件模型

在长期交通载荷作用下土体塑性累积变形本构模型对路基沉降计算至为关键.元件组合模型可以计算岩土体循环累积应变,但现有的各类元件模型未能反映饱和软黏土的主应力轴循环旋转现象.在对饱和软黏土进行等向固结条件下的主应力轴循环旋转加载试验及非等向固结下的循环扭剪试验基础上,将Abel黏壶代替Burgers模型中的Newton黏壶,得到分数阶Burgers模型;利用遗传算法优化循环塑性累积应变的Burgers模型和分数阶Burgers模型的参数,通过对比两组模型的计算值与试验值,发现分数阶模型更适合模拟计算循环载荷下饱和软黏土的累积变形.     

A constitutive model and elastoplastic analysis of structures under cyclic loading

A constitutive model for cyclic plasticity is briefly outlined. Then the model is implemented in a finite element code to predict the response of cyclic loaded structural components such as a double-edge-notched plate, a grove bar and a nozzle in spherical shell. Comparision with results from other theories and experiments shows that the results obtained by using the present model are very satisfactory.The Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Interfacial debonding of coated-fiber-reinforced composites under tension-tension cyclic loading

A new degradation function of the friction coefficient is used. Based on the double shear-lag model and Paris formula, the interfacial damage of coated-fiber-reinforced composites under tension-tension cyclic loading is studied. The effects of strength and thickness of the coating materials on the debond stress, debond rate as well as debond length are simulated. The subject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59778034), Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE, China and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (G-S737)     

A theoretical model of matrix cracking in composite laminates under thermomechanical loading

A theoretical approach is presented for analyzing the ply cracking in general symmetric laminates subjected to any combination of in-plane mechanical loading and uniform temperature changes. The equivalent constraint model proposed by the authors in a previous work is used to account for the cracking interaction between laminae in the laminates. By using a superposition scheme and the stress field solutions the energy release rate for a ply cracking is explicitly expressed as a function of stiffness reduction parameters of the laminates. The ratio of mode I to mode II is introduced for construction of the fracture criterion. The effects of the laminate parameters and the crack spacing on the energy release rate and the mode mixity are illustrated. Finally, the model is used to predict the thermomechanical load for the first-ply-cracking. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19972076) and the Germen Research Foundation (DFG).     

Dynamic effective shear strength of saturated sand

The dynamic effective shear strength of saturated sand under cyclic loading is discussed in this paper. The discussion includes the transient time dependency behaviors based on the analysis of the results obtained in conventional cyclic triaxial tests and cyclic torsional shear triaxial tests. It has been found that the dynamic effective shear strength is composed of effective frictional resistance and viscous resistance, which are characterized by the strain rate dependent feature of strength magnitude, the coupling of consolidation stress with cyclic stress and the dependency of time needed to make the soil strength sufficiently mobilized, and can also be expressed by the extended Mohr-Coulomb's law. The two strength parameters of the dynamic effective internal frictional angle φ_d and the dynamic viscosity coefficient η are determined. The former is unvaried for different number of cyclic loading, dynamic stress form and consolidation stress ratio. And the later is unvaried for the different dynamic shear strain rate developed during the sand liquefaction, but increases with the increase of initial density of sand. The generalization of dynamic effective stress strength criterion in the 3-dimensional effective stress space is studied in detail for the purpose of its practical use. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172070)     

A two-surface model describing ratchetting behaviors and transient hardening under nonproportional loading

A new superposed rule of Mroz's kinematic hardening rule and Ziegler's kinematic hardening rule based on two-surface model is proposed in the paper. Some experimental results on ratchetting of 2014-T6 aluminum alloy are predicted very well under multiaxial loading. In addition the conformability of the model is discussed for transient cyclic hardening under two kinds of nonproportional cyclic loading paths, i.e. square and rhombic path. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF INTERFACIAL DAMAGE ON STRESS CONCENTRATIONS IN INTRAPLY HYBRID COMPOSITES

In the axial tensile failure process of intraply hybrid composites, the breakage of some fibers may lead to interfacial damage, thus directly influencing the local stress concentrations near the sites of breakage. A modified shear-lag model, in which the interfacial damage is considered, is proposed. Based on the model, the influence of interfacial shear strength on the stress concentrations and the lengths of interfacial damage zone is first studied. The present results also provide an important theoretical basis for investigating the failure mechanism and hybrid effects for such kind of composites. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 199902004) and Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 000391).     

Numerical simulation for the simple shear test in amorphous glassy polymers

In this paper, a driving stress finite element method of elastic-plastic large deformation based on implicit time integrating algorithm and an eight-chain molecular network model is used for the numerical simulation of the simple shear test of polycarbonate (PC) materials. The simulated results are compared with experimental ones. The strain localization propagation for the shear band deformation for simple shear deformation is investigated numerically. The effects of microstructure parameters in the model on strain softening and orientation hardening of the PC are discussed in detail. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Stokes＇ first problem for a viscoelastic fluid with the generalized Oldroyd-B model

The flow near a wall suddenly set in motion for a viscoelastic fluid with the generalized Oldroyd-B model is studied. The fractional calculus approach is used in the constitutive relationship of fluid model. Exact analytical solutions of velocity and stress are obtained by using the discrete Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivative and the Fox H-function. The obtained results indicate that some well known solutions for the Newtonian fluid, the generalized second grade fluid as well as the ordinary Oldroyd-B fluid, as limiting cases, are included in our solutions. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10272067), the Doctoral Program Foundation of the Education Ministry of China (20030422046), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Y2006A14) and the Research Foundation of Shandong University at Weihai. The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

A SOLUTION PROCEDURE FOR LOWER BOUND LIMIT AND SHAKEDOWN ANALYSIS BY SGBEM

The symmetric Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) instead of the finite element method is used to perform lower bound limit and shakedown analysis of structures. The self-equilibrium stress fields are constructed by a linear combination of several basic self-equilibrium stress fields with parameters to be determined. These basic self-equilibrium stress fields are expressed as elastic responses of the body to imposed permanent strains and obtained through elastic-plastic incremental analysis. The complex method is used to solve nonlinear programming and determine the maximal load amplifier. The limit analysis is treated as a special case of shakedown analysis in which only the proportional loading is considered. The numerical results show that SGBEM is efficient and accurate for solving limit and shakedown analysis problems. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19902007), the National Foundation for Excellent Doctorial Dissertation of China (No. 200025) and the Basic Research Foundation of Tsinghua University.     

A crystallographic model for the orientation dependence of low cyclic fatigue property of a nickel-base single crystal superalloy

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A study on the compression sensibility and mechanical model of carbon fiber reinforced cement smart material

Under low compressive stress, carbon fiber reinforced cement (CFRC) exhibits the compressive sensibility for its inner deformation. The curve measured in the course of specimen suddenly loaded by a constant load and unloaded suddenly exhibits the variation of resistivity with time, and the curves measured under cyclic loads exhibits the variation of resistivity with cyclic stresses. Based on the results of experiment, the tunnel conduction effect and the structure of hardened cement paste, a mechanical model for CFRC is proposed and the rules of deformation when the specimen is loaded constantly or cyclically are also inferred. These rules can well explain the mechanism of CFRC' s compressive sensibility.Financed by National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project No. 59432061.     

HYBRID PERTURBATION-GALERKIN SOLUTION OFTHE FLOW IN A CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTIONTUBE WITH CONSTRICTION~

Using hybrid perturbatin- Galerkin technique, a circular cross-section tube model with sinusoidal wall is studied. This technique can remove the limitation of small parametersfor perturbation and the difficulty of selecting good coordinate functions about Galerkintechnique. The effects caused by the boundary conditions and the Reynolds number on theflow were discussed. The position of the separate and reattachment points was obtained. The tendency of the variation about the shear stress on the wall and friction factor along the axisdirection were also analyzed, The results at a small parameter have good agreements withthe perturbation ones.     

Numerical analysis of theoretical model of the RF MEMS switches

An improved electromechanical model of the RF MEMS (radio frequency microelectromechanical systems) switches is introduced, in which the effects of intrinsic residual stress from fabrication processes, axial stress due to stretching of beam， and fringing field are taken into account. Four dimensionless numbers are derived from the governing equation of the developed model. A semianalytical method is developed to calculate the behavior of the RF MEMS switches. Subsequently the influence of the material and geometry parameters on the behavior of the structure is analyzed and compared, and the corresponding analysis with the dimensionless numbers is conducted too. The quantitative relationship between the presented parameters and the critical pull-in voltage is obtained, and the relative importance of those parameters is given.     

CONTROLLABILITY OF A CLASS OF HYBRID DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (Ⅰ)—BASIC PROPERTIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

The controllability for switched linear system with time-delay in controls was first investigated. The whole work contains three parts. This is the first part, including problem formulation and some preliminaries. Firstly, the mathematical model of switched linear systems with time-delay in control functions was presented. Secondly, the concept of column space, cyclic invariant subspace and generalized cyclic invariant subspace were introduced. And some basic properties, such as separation lemma, were presented. Finally, a basic lemma was given to reveal the relation between the solution set of a centain integral equations and the generalized cyclic invariant subspace. This lemma will play an important role in the determination of controllability. All these definitions and lemmas are necessary research tools for controllability analysis. Contributed by YE Qing-kai Foundation items: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69925307, 60274001); the National Key Basic Reasearch and Development Program (2002CB312200); the Postdoctoral Program Foundation of China Biography: XIE Guang-ming (1972∼), Doctor (E-mail: xiegming@mech.pku.edu.cn)     

Plane surface suddenly set in motion in a viscoelastic fluid with fractional Maxwell model

The fractional calculus approach in the constitutive relationship model of viscoelastic fluid is introduced. The flow near a wall suddenly set in motion is studied for a non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid with the fractional Maxwell model. Exact solutions of velocity and stress are obtained by using the discrete inverse Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives. It is found that the effect of the fractional orders in the constitutive relationship on the flow field is significant. The results show that for small times there are appreciable viscoelastic effects on the shear stress at the plate, for large times the viscoelastic effects become weak. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10002003), Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education, Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education     

The scattering of harmonic elastic anti-plane shear waves by a finite crack in infinitely long strip using the non-local theory

In this paper, the scattering of harmonic anti-plane shear waves by a finite crack in infinitely long strip is studied using the non-local theory. The Fourier transform is applied and a mixed boundary value problem is formulated. Then a set of dual integral equations is solved using the Schmidt method instead of the first or the second integral equation method. A one-dimensional non-local kernel is used instead of a two-dimensional one for the anti-plane dynamic problem to obtain the stress occurring at the crack tips. Contraty to the classical elasticity solution, it is found that no stress singularity is present at the crack tip. The non-local dynamic elastic solutions yield a finite hoop stress at the crack tip, thus allowing for a fracture criterion based on the maximum dynamic stress hypothesis. The finite hoop stress at the crack tip depends on the crack length, the width of the strip and the lattice parameter. Supported by the Post Doctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province and the National Foundation for Excellent Young Investigators.     

The OPCM strain gauges for strain and stress measurement of orthotropic material structures

The orthotropic mechanical sensor of piezoelectric composite material made from piezoelectric ceramic and resin materials and their sensing mechanism are presented. The sensing equations of the adhered-and embedded-type sensing units are deduced, which are used to detect the stresses in orthotropic material structures. The surface strain of the orthogonal plate is measured under the action of the planar stress field, and the error is analyzed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 59635640), the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Committe (99KJD130001) and the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK99116).     

A unified constitutive law for cyclic viscoplasticity

A phenomenological constitutive model for cyclic viscoplasticity is presented within the framework of unified state variable theory. The model utilizes three distinct parameters to account for the cyclic (isotropic) hardening: drag stress, isotropic stress and rate sensitivity parameter causing the back stress to be rate-dependent. With the help of a rate-dependent format of the back stress, the constitutive model can reproduce positive, zero and negative strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress in a concise manner. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of the three parameters on stress relaxation behavior and rate-dependent cyclic hardening concerned with the variation in strain rate sensitivity. The applicability of the model to monotonic and cyclic loading is validated by comparing the predictions with experiments of two stainless steels and an aluminum alloy reported in literature.