用Φ／I计算并联电路自感系数的条件

回路自感系数的定义Ｌ＝Φ／Ｉ原本只适用于细导线回路，通过对并联电路自感系数的计算分析得出推论：当复杂电路中各闭合电流线中的磁通相等时，可以用一电流线中的磁通作为回路的磁通，按Ｌ＝Φ／Ｉ计算自感系数，该结果也可推广应用到互感系数的计算．     

多结超导环在外磁场中的行为

分析和计算了双结超导环在无偏置电流时的磁通、环流、自由能与外磁场的关系.发现双结环与单结环在磁场中的行为有所不同.当两个结的Ic相等时，双结环在1＜β=2πLIcΦ0＜2时，若无偏置电流，总磁通Φ、环流I与外磁通Φe的关系仍然是非回滞的曲线.仅当β≥2时，曲线才出现回滞.另外双结环有两支解，并且每支解的周期为2Φ0. 关键词： 双结环 双支解 2Φ0周期 回滞     

通过嵌入铁磁电极之间 Aharonov-Bohm 干涉仪自旋极化输运性质的研究

使用非平衡态格林函数方法和运动方程近似,研究了嵌入铁磁电极之间Aharonov-Bohm 干涉仪的自旋极化输运性质.在左右铁磁电极平行和反平行两种磁组态下,结合Fano因子分析和讨论了Fano 和Kondo 共振对该系统电导的影响,以及电导随自旋极化强度和磁通的变化.结果表明,自旋极化强度和磁通能有效地调节和控制电导,但电导的线形主要由磁通决定;在适当的条件下能导致大的正磁阻和负磁阻的出现.因此,该系统是一个很好的自旋阀晶体管,在自旋电子学中有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： Fano和Kondo共振 自旋极化强度 Fano因子 隧道磁阻     

交流偏置的高T_cdcSQUID的1／f噪声

我们把交流偏置反转技术应用于ｄｃＳＱＵＩＤｓ，观察了各级波形，测出了在交流偏置和直流偏置两种情况下ＹＢＣＯ双品结ｄｃＳＱＵＩＤｓ磁通噪声功率谱密度曲线．交流偏置使１／ｆ噪声显著降低，在ＳＨｚ下的磁通噪声功率谱密度由１×１０－６Φ２０／Ｈｚ降到了３×１０－８Φ２０／Ｈｚ．     

低噪声SQUID模拟器

我们研制了用于SQUID线路研制与调试的低噪声宽频响多周期SQUID模拟器 .模拟器的等效磁通白噪声为 0 .7×1 0 -6Φ0 /Hz,完全可以满足SQUID线路的调试要求 .     

包含外壳磁阻的微型平衡电枢换能器仿真模型的阻抗和振动分析

现有的“E”型平衡电枢等效磁路模型仿真研究通常不考虑金属外壳磁阻带来的影响。为了解决平衡电枢换能器中因金属外壳和平衡电枢紧密接触带来的非线性磁阻问题，在现有的平衡电枢换能器等效磁路模型上加入了外壳磁阻影响。分析等效磁路模型磁通部分和力学部分的状态空间方程在不同参数条件下的仿真结果，总结不同参数对该模型阻抗和振膜位移的影响情况。通过仿真对比，外壳磁阻对平衡电枢换能器位移频率响应曲线的影响为1～3 dB。对于组装后包含金属外壳的平衡电枢耳机、助听器产品降低频率响应曲线偏差具有一定的指导意义。     

混合态中高温超导体的弱连接

本在研究高Ｔｃ超导体的弱连接时，考虑到Ｈ＞Ｈｃ１时存在的混合态。在传统Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ模型的基础上加入了结层内的涡漩线与超导体内的磁通线之间的相互作用，它给沿结平面方向运动的涡漩线带来了附加的钉孔或牵制，从而成功地解释了磁阻、动态磁阻、临界电流密度在Ｈｃ１附近的反常现象以及这些现象随温度的变化关系。     

低噪声超导量子干涉器件磁强计设计与制备

超导量子干涉器件(superconducting quantum interference device, SQUID)作为一种极灵敏的磁通传感器,在生物磁探测、低场核磁共振、地球物理等领域得到广泛应用.本文介绍了一种基于SQUID的高灵敏度磁强计,由SQUID和一组磁通变压器组成. SQUID采用一阶梯度构型,增强其抗干扰性.磁通变压器由多匝螺旋的输入线圈和大尺寸单匝探测线圈组成,其中输入线圈与SQUID通过互感进行磁通耦合.利用自主工艺平台,在4英寸硅衬底上完成了基于Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb约瑟夫森隧道结的SQUID磁强计制备.低温测试结果显示,该磁强计磁场灵敏度为0.36 nT/Φ_0,白噪声段磁通噪声为8μΦ_0/√Hz,等效磁场噪声为2.88 fT/√Hz.     

YBaCuO超导块的厚度和形状对其悬浮力的影响

研究了尺寸分别为Φ30mm× 13.7mm和Φ2 9.5mm× 10 .8mm两块熔融织构单畴YBaCuO高温超导体块材的厚度和形状对它所受到的悬浮力的影响 .利用“高温超导磁悬浮测试系统”逐次测试了YBaCuO在不同厚度和不同形状时所受到的悬浮力 ,然后测量了样品在悬浮力测试过程中的俘获磁通 ,并对实验结果进行了分析 .     

急冷Al-Si合金负磁阻效应的一个可能解释

管惟炎等人观察到的Al-Si急冷合金的负磁阻效应,实际上就是以R-H_e曲线的形式表示出来的第二类超导膜的纵场峰值效应。在磁通线切割模型基础上,对这个效应提出了一个可能的解释。 关键词：     

自旋阀与多层膜巨磁电阻的特性测量及比较

介绍磁性多层膜中自旋极化输运和巨磁电阻效应,简述自旋阀巨磁电阻与多层膜巨磁电阻在材料组成结构和工作原理方面的区别,利用和改造现有的高校物理实验室中的实验仪器并设计简易的实验电路测量这两种类型的巨磁电阻的磁敏特性,并根据实验测量的结果将这两种传感器在其灵敏度和测量范围上进行比较和研究.     

Single-sided mobile NMR apparatus using the transverse flux of a single permanent magnet

This study presents a simple design for a mobile, single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) apparatus which uses the magnetic flux parallel to the magnetization direction of a single, disc-shaped permanent magnet polarized in radial direction. The stray magnetic field above the magnet is approximately parallel to the magnetization direction of the magnet and is utilized as the B₀ magnetic field of the apparatus. The apparatus weighs 1.8 kg, has a compact structure and can be held in one's palm. The apparatus generates a B₀ field strength of about 0.279 T at the center of apparatus surface and can acquire a clear Hahn echo signal of a pencil eraser block lying on the RF coil in one shot. Moreover, a strong static magnetic field gradient exists in the direction perpendicular to the apparatus surface. The strength of the static magnetic field gradient near the center of the apparatus surface is about 10.2 T/m; one-dimensional imaging of thin objects and liquid self-diffusion coefficient measurements can be performed therein. The available spatial resolution of the one-dimensional imaging experiments using a 5×5 mm horizontal sample area is about 200 μm. Several nondestructive inspection applications of the apparatus, including distinguishing between polyethylene grains of different densities, characterizing epoxy putties of distinct set times and evaluating the fat content percentages of milk powders, are also demonstrated. Compared with many previously published designs, the proposed design bears a simple structure and generates a B₀ magnetic field parallel to the apparatus surface, simplifying apparatus construction and simultaneously rendering the selection of the radiofrequency coil relatively flexible.     

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects in binary R-T(R = Pr,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm;T = Ga,Ni,Co,Cu)intermetallic compounds

In this paper, we review the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects(MCE) of binary R–T(R = Pr, Gd, Tb,Dy, Ho, Er, Tm; T = Ga, Ni, Co, Cu) intermetallic compounds(including RGa series, RNi series, R_(12)Co_7 series, R_3 Co series and RCu_2series), which have been investigated in detail in the past several years. The R–T compounds are studied by means of magnetic measurements, heat capacity measurements, magnetoresistance measurements and neutron powder diffraction measurements. The R–T compounds show complex magnetic transitions and interesting magnetic properties.The types of magnetic transitions are investigated and confirmed in detail by multiple approaches. Especially, most of the R–T compounds undergo more than one magnetic transition, which has significant impact on the magnetocaloric effect of R–T compounds. The MCE of R–T compounds are calculated by different ways and the special shapes of MCE peaks for different compounds are investigated and discussed in detail. To improve the MCE performance of R–T compounds,atoms with large spin(S) and atoms with large total angular momentum(J) are introduced to substitute the related rare earth atoms. With the atom substitution, the maximum of magnetic entropy change(?SM), refrigerant temperature width(Twidth)or refrigerant capacity(RC) is enlarged for some R–T compounds. In the low temperature range, binary R–T(R = Pr, Gd,Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm; T = Ga, Ni, Co, Cu) intermetallic compounds(including RGa series, RNi series,R_(12)Co_7 series, R_3 Co series and RCu_2series) show excellent performance of MCE, indicating the potential application for gas liquefaction in the future.     

多层膜巨磁电阻特性及电流最佳测量

测量了不同方向外磁场和温度下多层膜巨磁电阻的磁阻特性,给出了巨磁电阻模拟传感器用于电流测量的最佳磁偏置.结果表明:外磁场强度相同但方向不同,对巨磁电阻的作用效果不同,巨磁电阻饱和时,阻值与外磁场方向无关.温度不同,巨磁电阻的阻值不同,磁电阻变化率也有改变.     

新型的氧化物磁制冷工质与隧道磁电阻材料--2004年度国家自然科学二等奖获奖项目介绍

文章介绍了2004年度国家自然科学二等奖获奖成果[21].类钙钛矿型材料是一类物理内涵极其丰富的化合物,它是著名的高温超导材料、铁电材料、压电材料,又是庞磁电阻效应材料,目前又显示出具有大磁熵变效应与隧道磁电阻效应.文章作者系统地研究了锰钙钛矿磁性化合物的磁熵变与组成、微结构以及颗粒尺寸的关系,研究结果表明,磁性钙钛矿化合物具有显著的磁熵变,居里温度易调,并且化学稳定性佳,从而成为一类新型的磁制冷工质候选材料.此外,文章作者还研究了钙钛矿化合物纳米颗粒体系的磁电阻效应,发现除人们发现的居里温度附近的本征的庞磁电阻效应外,在很宽的低温区,存在与温度不甚敏感的隧道磁电阻效应.     

Spin-dependent transport for a two-dimensional electron gas with magnetic barriers

The spin-dependent conductance and magnetoresistance ratio (MRR) for a semiconductor heterostructures consisting of two magnetic barriers with different height and space have been investigated by the transfer-matrix method. It is shown that the splitting of the conductance for parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations results in tremendous spin-dependent MRR, and the maximal MRRs reach 5300\% and 3800\% for the magnetic barrier spaces W=81.3 and 243.9~nm, respectively. The obtained spin-filtering transport property of nanostructures with magnetic barriers may be useful to magnetic-barrier-based spintronics.     

Magnetic properties and magnetoresistance of HfFe2Ge2-type Dy1-xGdxMn6Ge6 (x=0.1－0.6) compounds

The magnetic properties and magnetoresistance effects of Dy_{1-x}Gd_xMn_6Ge_6 (x=0.1－0.6) compounds have been studied by magnetic properties and resistivity measurements in applied magnetic fields up to 5T. The compounds with x=0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5 order antiferromagnetically at 425, 428, 430 and 432K, respectively, and there are second magnetic phase transitions below 100K. The compound with x=0.6 exhibits a transition from ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic, then to ferrimagnetic state again with decreasing temperature. Furthermore, it displays a field-induced metamagnetic transition, and its threshold field decreases with increasing temperature. The magnetoresistance curve of the compound with x=0.6 in applied magnetic fields up to 5T is presented and the magnetoresistance effects are related to the metamagnetic transitions.     

Anomalous magnetotransport in chemically doped carbon nanotubes

We report on anomalous magnetotransport features in chemically doped, weakly disordered carbon nanotubes. Under the application of a magnetic field parallel to the tube axis, hole conduction is shown to be strongly affected by impurity scattering with short mean free path and negative magnetoresistance, strongly different from electron conduction with much longer mean free path and positive magnetoresistance behavior.     

It's the coupling that creates resistance: Spin electronics in layered magnetic structures

Fast‐paced technological advancement is squeezing the data on computer hard disks ever closer together. For some ten years now, continuously shrinking and increasingly sensitive read/write heads are making use of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect discovered in 1988. This term was coined for the effect that electric resistance of a magnetic layer system changes dramatically when the magnetization of the individual layers is reversed from antiparallel to parallel orientation. Very small external magnetic fields suffice to change the orientation and thus give GMR read/write heads their high sensitivity.