冰浆制备系统的研究及改进

介绍了一种改进的真空制冰系统,该系统利用中介物质减小对系统运行真空度的要求。本改进具有提高真空制冰系统能源效率的潜力,并改善了系统的运行性能,降低了对真空罐承压能力的要求。分析了本改进可能面临的不利因素及今后的研究方向。     

电子敏感CMOS部件除气方法北大核心CSCD

电子轰击有源像素传感器(electron bombarded active pixel sensor,EBAPS)作为真空-固体混合型微光器件,其性能和工作寿命一定程度上取决于器件内部真空度保持情况。分析造成EBAPS器件真空度下降的原因,推断出真空度恶化的严重后果,提出提高和保持EBAPS器件内部真空度的手段,通过搭建超高真空除气系统对EBAPS器件中核心部件电子敏感CMOS部件的放气特性进行了研究,并根据研究结果得到最佳的除气工艺参数,为EBAPS数字化微光器件的制备提供了技术基础。     

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介绍了EAST真空室内巡视系统(IVVS)系统对EAST真空室第一壁进行巡检操作的工作原理,并基于系统部分材料出气率测试对其真空性能进行了分析.获得了在有效抽速为1064L·s–1的条件下,IVVS系统试验样机所采用的真空容器的极限真空度为3.37×10–3Pa.为优化IVVS真空性能,结合材料放气率试验,将部分材料更换为放气率低的材料,对系统进行烘烤处理,并对其中的相关结构提出了优化方案.优化后系统的真空性能有明显提高,在同等抽速条件下的极限真空度在1×10–4Pa范围内,能够满足EAST接受的真空环境要求.此外,抽气机组增添低温泵可以更进一步提高系统的真空性能.     

EAST真空室内巡视系统的真空性能研究分析

介绍了EAST真空室内巡视系统(IVVS)系统对EAST真空室第一壁进行巡检操作的工作原理,并基于系统部分材料出气率测试对其真空性能进行了分析。获得了在有效抽速为1064L•s^–1的条件下,IVVS系统试验样机所采用的真空容器的极限真空度为3.37×10^–3Pa。为优化IVVS真空性能,结合材料放气率试验,将部分材料更换为放气率低的材料,对系统进行烘烤处理,并对其中的相关结构提出了优化方案。优化后系统的真空性能有明显提高,在同等抽速条件下的极限真空度在1×10^–4Pa范围内,能够满足EAST接受的真空环境要求。此外,抽气机组增添低温泵可以更进一步提高系统的真空性能。     

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HL-2A装置的1MW低杂波电流驱动系统在单只速调管的条件下进行了系统的工程调试。建立了低杂波真空系统,天线真空度为2.3Pa,传输系统真空度为4.30×102Pa,天线对装置的漏率为1.675×10-4Pa?m3.s-1。采用低真空条件下充气的方法提高了系统的功率传输能力,有效地降低和避免了打火情况的发生,初步分析了低杂波系统的真空性能以及对HL-2A装置真空的影响。     

用α能损法测量薄膜厚度所需真空度的确定方法

用能损法测量薄膜厚度及其厚度分布的均匀性是一种有效的新方法,但这种测量必须在真空室内进行,如何恰当地选择真空度对于提高测量精度和降低真空系统的建造成本都具有重要意义。通过采用SRIM软件模拟5.486 MeV 粒子在空气中的阻止本领,计算出在不同真空度时,从241Am源发出粒子穿过不同距离达到探测器时的能量损失,得到粒子能量损失与真空度的关系。根据这一关系,结合所建能谱仪在测量过程中的稳定性和重复性,建立了用粒子测量薄膜厚度所需真空度的确定方法,并用这一方法得到了在源与探测器距离为2~8 cm时,小于100 Pa的真空度能完全满足测量要求的结果。     

用α能损法测量薄膜厚度所需真空度的确定方法

用能损法测量薄膜厚度及其厚度分布的均匀性是一种有效的新方法,但这种测量必须在真空室内进行,如何恰当地选择真空度对于提高测量精度和降低真空系统的建造成本都具有重要意义。通过采用SRIM软件模拟5.486 MeV 粒子在空气中的阻止本领,计算出在不同真空度时,从241Am源发出粒子穿过不同距离达到探测器时的能量损失,得到粒子能量损失与真空度的关系。根据这一关系,结合所建能谱仪在测量过程中的稳定性和重复性,建立了用粒子测量薄膜厚度所需真空度的确定方法,并用这一方法得到了在源与探测器距离为2~8 cm时,小于100 Pa的真空度能完全满足测量要求的结果。     

静止水滴真空闪蒸模型及实验研究

本文建立了描述真空制取二元冰过程中静止水滴的传热传质模型,研究冰晶形成过程的结晶成核与生长现象及其影响因素。设计并建立了一种可视化的真空制冰系统,清晰地展示了静态水滴成核结冰时液态蒸发、伴随气泡生长的蒸发、稳态蒸发结冰、伴随气泡生长的结冰、外部结冰内部气泡逸出最终爆裂的五种形态;利用所设计的二元冰真空制备装置进行冰晶的生成实验研究,分析讨论各种因素对二元冰真空制备的影响,并通过实验对照比较来证明模型的可靠性。     

国内外加速器极高真空技术进展

介绍了国内外要求在极高真空条件下运行的部分粒子加速器概况; 极高真空系统材料选择和处理工艺方面的进展; 真空获得设备的选择和抽气方法的创新性进展; 极高真空条件下的检漏方法研究及极高真空度的测量和校准现状.     

国内外加速器极高真空技术进展

介绍了国内外要求在极高真空条件下运行的部分粒子加速器概况;极高真空系统材料选择和处理工艺方面的进展;真空获得设备的选择和抽气方法的创新性进展;极高真空条件下的检漏方法研究及极高真空度的测量和校准现状.     

真空冷却过程中真空室内温度变化的实验研究

以熟肉为实验材料,对真空冷却过程中真空室内温度变化进行了实验研究。结果发现:真空冷却过程中真空室内的温度会出现一些波动,其变化过程可以分为四个阶段:真空室内的温度从15.8℃一直降低到10.7℃;然后从10.7℃升到最高的19.1℃;随着产品温度的降低以及真空室内压力的降低,真空室内的温度从最高的19.1℃降低到最低的6.1℃;最后,由于真空室内放气阀的开启,使得真空室的温度从最低的6.1℃升高到最终的13.1℃,一直保持在真空冷却过程结束。     

真空冷却过程中实验条件对真空冷却速率的影响

以熟肉为实验材料,对实验条件对真空冷却速率的影响进行了理论分析和实验研究。实验结果表明:真空室有效容积越小、真空泵抽速越高,则真空冷却时间就会越短;冷阱温度对真空冷却速率有着明显的影响;当真空室内的最终压力在0.4～0.61kPa变化时,熟肉的表面温度一直在0℃以上,其真空冷却的时间随着真空室内压力的升高而增加。而真空室内的最终压力在0.3kPa左右时,熟肉的表面温度在真空冷却过程会低于0℃。     

低温储罐抽真空工艺试验研究

文中研究了低温储罐的两种抽真空工艺,并比较了它们的抽真空时间、日漏放气率、冷态真空度以及日蒸发率等。试验结果表明,CO2置换抽真空工艺可以有效的降低储罐日漏放气率、提高储罐冷态真空度以及降低储罐的日蒸发率。     

Characteristics of VUV ionizer in a vacuum chamber of flat panel displays

Flat panel displays are often exposed to the electrostatic damage during various panel manufacturing processes. In this paper, we report the electrostatic discharge failure in a unique process condition of OLED display process during which the substrate of OLED display is turned over while in the vacuum chucking condition. In order to solve this failure, we adopted newly developed technology of VUV (Vacuum Ultraviolet) radiation to neutralize the electrostatic electricity. This technology generates ions and electrons by ionizing residual molecules in vacuum chamber such that it enables the charged substrates to be neutralized in the chamber. While this new neutralization method is certainly effective in high vacuum process, the lifetime and performance of the VUV ionizer are not validated. To understand the lifetime and performance of VUV ionizer, we conducted the experiments in the vacuum chamber of an 8th generation display facility with various operating time of UV lamp. We analyzed the characteristic of VUV lamp and suggested the neutralization mechanism of VUV ionizer in a low pressure. Based on the experiments, this new neutralization method performs well under the high vacuum environment and is able to completely reduce the electrostatic potential down to 0 V within a short time.     

EAST铰链式机械臂真空存储舱 CASK系统研制

总体描述了EAST机械臂真空舱系统设计，介绍了实现进展情况。EAST铰链式机械臂是用于在不破坏EAST内部真空环境下对第一壁内部进行近距离观测、快速维修的一种检修工具。考虑到对EAST铰链式机械臂的存储、支撑以及工作条件，需要设计和制造出一个密封的真空舱系统。该系统可以在真空条件下通过一个直径为250mm的连接端口连接到EAST主体机构上。系统设计主要分为真空存储舱CASK腔体、真空系统以及烘烤系统三个部分。     

Characteristics of ring type traveling wave ultrasonic motor in vacuum

The characteristics of ultrasonic motor strongly depend on the properties of stator/rotor contact interface which are affected by ambient environment. With the developed apparatus, load properties of two ring type traveling wave ultrasonic motors in atmosphere, low vacuum and high vacuum were studied, respectively. Wear of friction material, variations of vacuum degree and the temperature of motor during the experiment were also measured. The results show that load properties of motor A in vacuum were poorer than those in atmosphere, when load torque M_f was less than 0.55 N m. Compared to motor A, load properties of motor B were affected a little by environmental pressure. Wear of friction material in vacuum was more severe than wear in atmosphere. The temperature of motor in vacuum rose more quickly than it in atmosphere and had not reached equilibrium in 2 h experiment. However, the temperature of motor in atmosphere had reached equilibrium in about forth minutes. Furthermore, outgas was also observed during experiment under vacuum conditions.     

Physical vacuum properties and internal space dimension

The paper addresses matrix spaces, whose properties and dynamics are determined by Dirac matrices in Riemannian spaces of different dimension and signature. Among all Dirac matrix systems there are such ones, which nontrivial scalar, vector or other tensors cannot be made up from. These Dirac matrix systems are associated with the vacuum state of the matrix space. The simplest vacuum system realization can be ensured using the orthonormal basis in the internal matrix space. This vacuum system realization, however, is not unique. The case of 7-dimensional Riemannian space of signature 7(−) is considered in detail. In this case two basically different vacuum system realizations are possible: (1) with using the orthonormal basis; (2) with using the oblique-angled basis, whose base vectors coincide with the simple roots of the Lie algebra E ₈. Considerations are presented, from which it follows that the least-dimen-si-on space bearing on physics is the Riemannian 11-dimensional space of signature 1(−)& 10(+). The considerations consist in the condition of maximum vacuum energy density and vacuum fluctuation energy density. Alexander Vasil'evich Pushkin was born on 13 April 1947 in St. Petersburg and died on 17 August 2004 in Sarov.     

Friedmann cosmology with decaying vacuum density

Among the several proposals to solve the incompatibility between the observed small value of the cosmological constant and the huge value obtained by quantum field theories, we can find the idea of a decaying vacuum energy density, leading from high values at early times of universe evolution to the small value observed nowadays. In this paper we consider a variation law for the vacuum density recently proposed by Schützhold on the basis of quantum field estimations in the curved, expanding background, characterized by a vacuum density proportional to the Hubble parameter. We show that, in the context of an isotropic and homogeneous, spatially flat model, the corresponding solutions retain the well established features of the standard cosmology, and, in addition, are in accordance with the observed cosmological parameters. Our scenario presents an initial phase dominated by radiation, followed by a dust era long enough to permit structure formation, and by an epoch dominated by the cosmological term, which tends asymptotically to a de Sitter universe. Taking the matter density equals to half of the vacuum energy density, as suggested by observation, we obtain a universe age given by Ht = 1.1, and a decelerating parameter equals to −1/2.     

复合绝热低温容器真空丧失后抗热冲击分析

真空丧失对低温容器的安全性是一大威胁,可能会造成严重后果。文中通过实验,利用氮气为破空介质,对比了高真空多层绝热结构与真空复合多层绝热结构低温容器在真空丧失情况下的排放率和漏热。结果表明,复合绝热结构在真空破坏时能较好的保护低温容器,大大降低了低温储罐真空丧失后的热冲击。