液体比热容测量散热修正新方法研究

针对目前实验测量液体比热容时存在的操作步骤复杂、计算工作量大、结果不精确等一些问题,介绍了一种利用实验曲线积分对液体比热容进行计算及散热修正的新方法.采用此方法,可以在测量描绘升温曲线的基础上精确地对测量液体的比热容进行散热修正与计算.实验结果表明,此方法不但省去传统方法中自然降温的过程,简化实验步骤,而且提高计算结果...     

基于全滤色片匹配方法的滤色片漫入射光谱透过率评价EI北大核心CSCD

为了获得特定的探测器光谱响应,可以采用全滤色片法对滤色片进行精确匹配.在匹配计算时,通常使用滤色片的垂直光谱透过率作为计算依据;而实际应用中斜入射的光线会导致匹配计算结果和测试结果不一致.本文在光线漫入射条件下对圆柱形状滤色片的漫入射光谱透过率计算方法进行了分析,提出了一种由滤色片垂直入射光谱透过率计算滤色片漫入射光谱透过率的修正模型.设计了双积分球测量装置对滤色片的漫入射透过率进行检测.在该装置下检测不同滤色片的漫入射光谱透过率,并与修正模型计算结果进行对比验证.实验结果表明,修正模型可以在较小误差范围内由滤色片的垂直入射光谱透过率计算其漫入射光谱透过率,应用于全滤色片匹配可以显著提高匹配结果和实际测量结果的一致性.     

单线法测量横向阻抗系统设计与模拟计算

介绍了单线法测量横向阻抗的基本原理、系统设计和初步模拟计算结果。单线法横向阻抗测量系统由待测元件/参考元件、内置导线、导线偏移调节机构、阻抗匹配段和测量仪器构成。调节机构可以精确调整内置导线的横向位置以激励偶极模式。利用微波工作室软件模拟计算待测元件（2 856 MHz“凸型”腔）的偶极模。“凸型”腔横向阻抗的幅值和偶极模频率的计算结果与ABCI程序数值计算的结果基本相符,说明了单线法横向阻抗测量系统理论上的可行性。     

单线法测量横向阻抗系统设计与模拟计算

 介绍了单线法测量横向阻抗的基本原理、系统设计和初步模拟计算结果。单线法横向阻抗测量系统由待测元件/参考元件、内置导线、导线偏移调节机构、阻抗匹配段和测量仪器构成。调节机构可以精确调整内置导线的横向位置以激励偶极模式。利用微波工作室软件模拟计算待测元件（2 856 MHz“凸型”腔）的偶极模。“凸型”腔横向阻抗的幅值和偶极模频率的计算结果与ABCI程序数值计算的结果基本相符,说明了单线法横向阻抗测量系统理论上的可行性。     

BEPCⅡ高频屏蔽波纹管纵向耦合阻抗测量和数值计算

根据BEPCⅡ工程的需要, 在高能物理研究所搭建了阻抗测量平台, 对BEPCⅡ部分真空部件进行纵向耦合阻抗的测量. 测量平台基于同轴线方法, 使HP/Agilent 8720ES微波网络分析仪在频域进行测量. 在此平台上可以用TRL校准技术和等长比较件两种方法测量真空部件耦合阻抗. 本文介绍BEPCⅡ阻抗测量平台以及对高频屏蔽波纹管(bellows)的阻抗测量和数值计算结果, 并对测量结果和测量平台系统误差进行了分析.     

一种间接测量惯性管阻抗的方法

惯性管是脉冲管制冷机的一个重要部件,需要保证其在脉冲管热端提供合适的阻抗幅值和相位。如何准确确定惯性管阻抗一直是个难点。本文利用直线压缩机背腔内压力波动计算体积流率,从而间接得到惯性管入口体积流率,进而得到惯性管阻抗特性,并与DeltaEC计算做了详细对比,为进一步优化脉冲管制冷机打下基础。本文首先介绍了惯性管的热声计算模型及其湍流修正方法,并详细介绍利用压缩机了测量体积流率的方法。实验中重点考察了频率、惯性管入口压力波动、气库体积大小对阻抗的影响,并对实验结果进行了分析。实验结果表明,阻抗幅值及相角跟湍流模型计算结果总体而言相当吻合,但在某些区域还需进一步修正。     

对气体涨落的修正

在研究气体小体积元的涨落时,传统的关于大系统的平衡涨落结果是不够的.本文首先利用平均自由程方法说明了相邻的小单元之间由关联导致的对气体涨落修正的物理机制,然后运用气体输运方法计算了精确的修正结果.     

高功率低阻抗三平板传输线的设计

设计了Z箍缩实验装置中单路模块样机的低阻抗水介质三平板结构的传输线。根据三平板传输线的结构参数及相关计算公式,得到所设计的三平板传输线实际阻抗为4.08 Ω（设计阻抗为4.00 Ω）。在考虑传输线内板边缘与水箱耦合电容影响的条件下,采用有限元方法精确计算得到三平板传输线阻抗为3.77 Ω。根据实验得到的传输线入口、出口电压电流测量结果,计算得到三平板传输线的实际运行阻抗为3.83 Ω,与计算结果基本一致。另外,还对三平板传输线进行了静电场计算和分析,耐压实验表明,当三平板传输线出口电压达到3.1 MV时,未出现绝缘闪络,绝缘设计满足指标要求。     

高功率低阻抗三平板传输线的设计

设计了Z箍缩实验装置中单路模块样机的低阻抗水介质三平板结构的传输线。根据三平板传输线的结构参数及相关计算公式,得到所设计的三平板传输线实际阻抗为4.08Ω(设计阻抗为4.00Ω)。在考虑传输线内板边缘与水箱耦合电容影响的条件下,采用有限元方法精确计算得到三平板传输线阻抗为3.77Ω。根据实验得到的传输线入口、出口电压电流测量结果,计算得到三平板传输线的实际运行阻抗为3.83Ω,与计算结果基本一致。另外,还对三平板传输线进行了静电场计算和分析,耐压实验表明,当三平板传输线出口电压达到3.1 MV时,未出现绝缘闪络,绝缘设计满足指标要求。     

合肥国家同步辐射实验室纵向阻抗测量平台的改进

 介绍了合肥国家同步辐射实验室在原有纵向耦合阻抗测量系统基础上根据国际流行的同轴线原理改进的新纵向耦合阻抗测量系统的基本原理、系统组成和初步测量结果。对“药丸形”腔的阻抗的实验测量结果和阻抗计算程序计算结果基本相符，验证了该系统的有效性。     

Design of correction electrodes for high-voltage vacuum-dielectricinterfaces

High-voltage vacuum insulators often set the limits on energy transfer in pulsed power systems. The ideal vacuum interface has a uniform electric field distribution on the insulator well below breakdown levels and an impedance matched to the pulse generator. This paper describes a procedure to design correction electrodes for the dielectric region of a cylindrical interface using a numerical field solution code. The approach has application to both pulsed and steady-state systems. The method is illustrated with a design for a 10 TW, 6.5 MV pulsed power generator using six correction electrodes. The design minimizes the interface impedance and gives less than 10% field variation along the insulator surface     

Period-doubling bifurcation in two-stage power factor correction converters using the method of incremental harmonic balance and Floquet theory

In this paper, period-doubling bifurcation in a two-stage power factor correction converter is analyzed by using the method of incremental harmonic balance (IHB) and Floquet theory. A two-stage power factor correction converter typically employs a cascade configuration of a pre-regulator boost power factor correction converter with average current mode control to achieve a near unity power factor and a tightly regulated post-regulator DC-DC Buck converter with voltage feedback control to regulate the output voltage. Based on the assumption that the tightly regulated post-regulator DC-DC Buck converter is represented as a constant power sink and some other assumptions, the simplified model of the two-stage power factor correction converter is derived and its approximate periodic solution is calculated by the method of IHB. And then, the stability of the system is investigated by using Floquet theory and the stable boundaries are presented on the selected parameter spaces. Finally, some experimental results are given to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.     

Sound transmission loss of foam-filled honeycomb sandwich panels using statistical energy analysis and theoretical and measured dynamic properties

Comparisons between the experimental and predicted sound transmission loss values obtained from statistical energy analysis are presented for two foam-filled honeycomb sandwich panels. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a modeling procedure which uses energy flow relationships for the theoretical estimation of the sound transmission through structures in resonant motion. The accuracy of the prediction of the sound transmission loss using SEA greatly depends on accurate estimates of: (1) the modal density, (2) the internal loss factor, and (3) the coupling loss factor parameters of the structures. A theoretical expression for the modal density of sandwich panels is developed from a sixth-order governing equation. Measured modal density estimates of the two foam-filled honeycomb sandwich panels are obtained by using a three-channel spectral method with a spectral mass correction to allow for the mass loading of the impedance head. The effect of mass loading of the accelerometer is corrected in the estimations of both the total loss factor and radiation loss factor of the sandwich panels.     

Improved scatterer property estimates from ultrasound backscatter for small gate lengths using a gate-edge correction factor

Backscattered rf signals used to construct conventional ultrasound B-mode images contain frequency-dependent information that can be examined through the backscattered power spectrum. The backscattered power spectrum is found by taking the magnitude squared of the Fourier transform of a gated time segment corresponding to a region in the scattering volume. When a time segment is gated, the edges of the gated regions change the frequency content of the backscattered power spectrum due to truncating of the waveform. Tapered windows, like the Hanning window, and longer gate lengths reduce the relative contribution of the gate-edge effects. A new gate-edge correction factor was developed that partially accounted for the edge effects. The gate-edge correction factor gave more accurate estimates of scatterer properties at small gate lengths compared to conventional windowing functions. The gate-edge correction factor gave estimates of scatterer properties within 5% of actual values at very small gate lengths (less than 5 spatial pulse lengths) in both simulations and from measurements on glass-bead phantoms. While the gate-edge correction factor gave higher accuracy of estimates at smaller gate lengths, the precision of estimates was not improved at small gate lengths over conventional windowing functions.     

便携式无线人体脂肪率测量仪的设计

生物电阻抗法(BIA)是一种安全非侵入式的、结果可靠有效的人体组成成分(脂肪含量)测量方法。以此为原理,设计了一款便携式无线人体脂肪率测量仪。硬件上,系统以高集成化、低功耗的阻抗测量芯片AD5933为核心,通过蓝牙实现与上位机的无线通信,大大降低了设备的复杂度。软件部分提出一种单频点小阻抗范围的增益系数校准方式,计算量小且容易实现。将新测量仪和欧姆龙体脂仪HBF-358进行对比实验,并作Bland-Altman一致性分析。结果表明,二者的相关系数为0.997。此外,该测量仪还具有易操作、小型化的特点。     

Application of the Beilis-Tappert parabolic equation method to sound propagation over irregular terrain

The Beilis-Tappert (1979) parabolic equation method is attractive for irregular terrain because it treats surface variations in terms of a simple multiplicative factor ("phase screen"). However, implementing the exact sloping-surface impedance condition is problematic if one wants the computational efficiency of a Fourier parabolic equation algorithm. This article investigates an approximate flat-ground impedance condition that allows the Beilis-Tappert phase screen method to be used with a Fourier algorithm without any added complications. The exact sloping-surface impedance condition is derived and applied to propagation predictions over hills with maximum slopes from 5° to 22°. The predictions with the exact impedance condition are compared to predictions using the approximate flat-ground impedance condition. It is found that for slopes less than 15°-20°, the flat-ground impedance condition is sufficiently accurate. For slopes greater than approximately 20°, the limiting factor on numerical accuracy is not the flat-ground impedance approximation, but rather the narrow-angle approximation required by the Beilis-Tappert method. Thus, within the 20° limitation and using the flat-ground impedance condition with a Fourier parabolic equation, sound propagation over irregular terrain can be computed simply, efficiently, and accurately.     

匹配场处理舰船辐射噪声级估计方法

针对水声信道对舰船辐射噪声声传播的影响,进而导致声源级测量结果不准确的问题,提出了基于匹配场处理的舰船辐射噪声级估计方法。在海洋环境噪声为空间均匀高斯白噪声的假设下,当海洋环境参数已知、信噪比满足一定要求时,匹配场处理能有效地给出被测噪声源的位置信息及该位置处的能量响应。从能量估计角度出发,推导了声源位置处匹配场输出响应的能量修正因子计算公式,从理论上证明了匹配场处理在被测声源位置处输出响应与能量修正因子的乘积为真实声源级的最小方差无偏(MVU)估计。该方法首先选择合适的声场计算模型计算拷贝场向量,对接收到的辐射噪声信号进行匹配场处理,得出接收信号级和被测声源位置;其次利用该位置所对应的拷贝场向量替换能量修正因子公式中的真实信道传输函数以计算能量修正因子的估计值;最后由接收信号级与能量修正因子估计值相乘得出舰船辐射噪声声源级的MVU估计。针对典型的浅海水声信道,进行了计算机仿真试验,结果表明:该方法能有效地进行舰船辐射噪声测量,当信噪比满足一定要求时,测量得到的声源级与实际声源级相比,误差小于1 dB。     

Free field measurements of the absorption coefficient for nonlocally reacting sound absorbing porous layers

A simple asymptotic approximation with two parameters (the plane wave reflection coefficient and a correction factor) has been derived by Brekhovskikh and Godin [Acoustics of Layered Media II. Point Sources and Bounded Beams (Springer, New York, 1992)], for the spherical field reflected by nonlocally reacting surfaces. In the present work, an expression for the correction factor is obtained for the case of a homogeneous and isotropic porous layer. A free field method for evaluating reflection and absorption coefficients with this approximation is presented. The evaluation of the absorption coefficient at normal incidence is performed on a porous layer on a rigid backing, and compared to measurements performed using a two microphone technique and an impedance tube.     

Noninvasive treatment efficacy monitoring and dose control for high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy using relative electrical impedance variation

As an effective therapeutic modality, high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) can destroy tumour tissues by thermocoagulation with less metastasis, but it is still limited by inaccurate non-invasive temperature monitoring and efficacy evaluation. A model of electrical impedance measurement during HIFU therapy was established using the temperatureimpedance relationship. Based on the simulations of acoustic pressure, temperature, and electrical conductivity, the impedance of the phantom was calculated and experimentally demonstrated for different values of acoustic power values and treatment time. We proved that the relative impedance variation(RIV) increases linearly with the increasing treatment time at a fixed acoustic power, and the relative impedance variation rate shows a linear relationship with the acoustic power.The RIV and treatment time required for HIFU treatment efficacy are inversely proportional to the acoustic power and the square of acoustic power, respectively. The favourable results suggest that RIV can be used as an efficient indicator for noninvasive temperature monitoring and efficacy evaluation and may provide new strategy for accurate dose control of HIFU therapy.     

强流电子束阻抗对相对论速调管放大器注入及群聚特性的影响分析

通过数值计算及粒子模拟程序, 分析了强流电子束阻抗、电压及电流特性对相对论速调管放大器(relativistic klystron amplifier, RKA)中束流调制、群聚特性的影响, 其中粒子模拟程序中采用 束发射方式以精确控制电子束的阻抗.结果表明, 低阻抗电子束有利于减小群聚距离, 缩短RKA器件的整体长度, 不利于注入微波对电子束的调制, 而高阻抗电子束情况正好相反.在电子束阻抗不变时, 增加电子束加速电压类似于增大电子束阻抗的情况.另外, 用粒子模拟方法确定了不同阻抗电子束对特定输入腔的电子负载电导, 从而可以得到不同阻抗的强流电子束对种子源 功率水平的需求以及对输入腔外观品质因数的要求. 关键词： 相对论速调管放大器 电子束阻抗 群聚距离 输入调制