碘量法测定铜锍中铜含量

根据铜锍的组成结构特点,建立了一种测定铜锍中铜含量的方法,重点讨论了混合酸对铜锍进行溶解的前处理及样品滴定过程。在4.80%~32.00%铜的测定范围内,加标回收率为97.70%~101.26%,相对标准偏差为0.24%~0.53%。方法能够较好地解决铜锍中铜含量测定难的问题。     

铜锍中铜含量测定的研究

根据铜锍的组成结构特点,建立了一种测定铜锍中铜含量的方法,重点讨论了混合酸对铜锍进行溶解的前处理及样品滴定过程。方法铜的测定范围：4.80%~32.00%,回收率：97.70%~101.26%,精密度即标准偏差：0.026 %~0.10%。该方法能够较好地解决铜锍中铜含量测定难的问题。     

Cu-ZSM-5分子筛中铜的超计量交换和铜氧铜桥的形成

用离子选择性电极原位监测离子交换制备Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５的过程，并用ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ研究了样品加热脱水时的变化，发现在ＰＨ值，较高的条件下铜可能多数以Ｃｕ（ＯＨ）＾＋参与交换而使Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５达到所谓的超计量交换，当新鲜样品受热时，Ｃｕ（ＯＨ）＾＋会迁移到另一个Ｃｕ（ＯＨ）＾＋的近邻进行脱水而形成铜氧铜桥，此桥可进一步脱氧而使二价铜还原成一价铜，迁移，脱水形成铜氧铜桥的过程是完全可逆的。     

差示光度法测定铜电解液中高含量铜

在粗铜电解精炼过程中,铜电解液中铜的测定常用碘量法,由于As(Ⅱ)等杂质的干扰,须经过掩蔽和氧化等预处理,操作时间较长,且结果稳定性较差.差示光度法具有测定高含量的优点,本文利用在硫酸介质中铜离子的本色,寻求差示光度法测定铜的各种条件,拟定了铜电解液中铜的快速测定法.本法操作简便,稳定性好,结果与碘量法相吻合.     

婴幼儿铜代谢紊乱与疾病

铜与维持生命的许多生化作用有关，铜代谢紊乱与婴幼儿的许多疾病有着密切相关，可临床诊断和治疗效果的判断提供信息。     

氯化亚铜中亚铜及高价铜盐含量的示波滴定

１引言氯化亚铜含量的测定在国家标准分析方法中是根据亚铜离子能使Ｆｅ３＋还原为Ｆｅ２＋，然后以邻菲啉－硫酸亚铁络合物作指示剂用高铈盐进行滴定。氯化亚铜中高价铜盐测定则利用高价铜盐能溶于５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙酸．而亚铜盐不能溶解进行分离，然后再用碘量法进行测定，手续十分麻烦。本文根据ＣＵ（Ⅰ）与四苯硼钠定量生成沉淀，用示波滴定法中的四苯硼钠法进行氯化亚铜含量的测定，高价铜盐被抗坏血酸还原，再用四苯硼钠法进行滴定，差量法计算出高价铜盐含量，操作简便，终点直观，测定结果准确。２实验部分２．１主要仪器与试剂ＬＳ－…     

碘量法测定铜冶炼烟尘中铜

试验研究了铜冶炼烟尘中铜含量的测定方法,试料用盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸及硫酸分解,氢溴酸除去砷、锡、锑,硫酸除去硒的干扰。进一步对滴定条件和共存元素的干扰及消除进行了试验,最终确定了最佳条件。按照实验方法测定6个铜冶炼烟尘样品中铜量,结果的相对标准偏差为0.22%~0.65%,精密度高,准确度好。样品加标回收率在98.92%~100.38%之间, 适用于铜冶炼烟尘中铜含量为5.00 %～65.00 %的测定。     

碘量法测定铜冶炼烟尘中铜含量

研究了铜冶炼烟尘中铜含量的测定方法,试料用盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸及硫酸分解,氢溴酸除去砷、锡、锑,硫酸除去硒的干扰。进一步对滴定条件和共存元素的干扰及消除进行了实验,最终确定了最佳条件。按照实验方法测定6个铜冶炼烟尘样品中铜含量,结果的相对标准偏差为0.22%～0.65%,精密度高,准确度好。样品加标回收率在98.9%～100%,适用于铜冶炼烟尘中铜含量为5.00%～65.00%的样品测定。     

单质铜与过氧化氢溶液反应的研究*

针对单质铜能否与过氧化氢发生反应,以及用硫酸酸化反应液能否加快铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应速率的疑惑,设计了单质铜与过氧化氢溶液反应和铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应的实验。认为单质铜能被过氧化氢氧化生成氧化铜和氧化亚铜,加热反应液能明显增大铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应的速率,用硫酸酸化反应液能明显减小铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应的速率。     

微量元素铜与人体生理功能和疾病

铜是人体中重要的微量金属元素之一，在多种生命活动中起着不可或缺的作用，包括电子传递、线粒体功能以及多种酶的活性。铜的缺乏或过量都会对人体产生严重、甚至是致命的危害，所以铜的摄取、胞内组装和代谢都需要严格的调控。铜的内稳态平衡的破坏可以导致贫血、威尔逊疾病和门克斯疾病，并严重影响大脑的功能。近年来的研究发现，肿瘤的生长、免疫系统的功能也与铜有着密不可分的联系。本文介绍铜在人体中的生物学功能、铜蛋白的作用以及铜的运输机制及储存机制，并对铜与相关疾病的关系进行讨论。     

缓蚀剂对铜作用的激光扫描微区光电化学研究

采用激光扫描微区光电化学显微技术(PEM)对不同浓度下的苯并三氮唑(BTA)及其衍生物4-羧基苯并三唑甲酯与5-羧基苯并三唑甲酯的混合物(CBTME)在硼砂缓冲溶液(pH9.2)中对铜电极的缓蚀作用作了比较研究。研究发现当电位正向扫描至某一电位时,一定浓度的BTA或CBTME作用下,铜电极光响应由p-型转化为n-型,并可依此判断缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能,n-型光响应越大,缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能越好,与循环伏安光电流及交流阻抗测试的结果相一致;实验还发现,影响缓蚀剂对铜作用的过程不仅与缓蚀剂本身有关,还与电极电位有关。在一定的电位与一定的缓蚀剂浓度下可观察到铜电极表面共存着p-型和n-型区域及p转n的过程,因此可从微观上观察到缓蚀剂与铜表面作用的过程,为缓蚀剂的应用建立了良好的理论基础。     

1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑和苯并三氮唑在胶态银和硫化银上的阳极抑制效应

为了研究抑制剂对银核和硫化银核的不同作用,本工作考察了1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑(PMT)和苯并三氮唑(BTA)作为抑制剂在银核和硫化银核上物理显影的阳极抑制和解抑制效应.实验结果表明: 1)PMT和BTA对Ag核和银离子过量时制得的硫化银核,Ag₂S(Ag),的显影催化活性都有不同程度的抑制作用,而对硫离子过量时制得的硫化银核,Ag₂S(S),无明显的抑制作用,这可能是由于过量硫离子在硫化银核上的吸附要强于这两种抑制剂;2)S₂O₃^2-或I^-离子的存在对BTA在Ag核上有解抑制作用,不仅可恢复甚至提高Ag核的显影催化活性,而对Ag₂S核的抑制作用无明显影响; 3)与BTA不同,S2O₃^2-或I^-离子对PMT在Ag核上没有解抑制作用,对Ag₂S(Ag)核的抑制作用还稍有增强,而对Ag₂S(S)核稍有减弱;4)银溶胶中的表面增强拉曼谱(SERS)测量证实:BTA在Ag核上的吸附导致Ag核显影催化活性的下降,加入S2O₃^2-或I^-离子后致使BTA的SERS信号消失则意味着BTA在银核表面的脱附.以上这些结果说明阳极抑制机理在抑制效应中有重要作用.     

苯并三氮唑对硫增感溴化银乳剂的过增感效应

采用在曝光前后用苯并三氮唑溶液对未增感的和硫增感的立方体溴化银乳剂涂层的处理方法,考察了苯并三氮唑在溴化银成像过程的两个阶段:曝光潜影的形成阶段和潜影中心得以放大的显影阶段的作用.有意义地发现苯并三氮唑对硫增感溴化银乳剂有明显的过增感效应.实验结果表明:1)对于未增感的立方体溴化银乳剂涂层,在曝光前吸附了苯并三氮唑后会抑制潜影的形成,但曝光后吸附了苯并三氮唑对显影有十分明显的促进作用;2)对于硫增感的立方体溴化银乳剂涂层,曝光前用苯并三氮唑溶液处理后,产生显著的过增感效应,相对感光度可提高4倍左右,在曝光后用苯并三氮唑溶液处理,随着苯并三氮唑浓度的增加对显影也有一定程度的促进作用;3)对于硫增感的溴化银涂层,先经过388 mV的氧化还原缓冲液处理,再经苯并三氮唑溶液处理过的样片的感光度都要较未经缓冲液处理的提高4倍左右,这说明苯并三氮唑对硫增感乳剂产生的过增感效应只与硫敏化中心内(Ag₂S)_n的存在有关,与(Ag)_m是否存在无关.     

复方钨酸盐对铜缓蚀协同作用的光电化学和SERS 研究

主要采用光电化学方法和表面增强拉曼光谱技术对具有环境友好性的钨酸盐与BTA复配使用对铜的缓蚀协同效应和作用机理进行了研究。实验表明Na2WO4对铜的缓蚀作用机理与BTA不同,在电位正向扫描过程中,光电流并不发生转型,其大小变化也不大;但在电位负向扫描过程中产生的阴极光电流峰值明显增大,缓蚀剂浓度越大,光电流越大,缓蚀效果越好,而Na2WO4与BTA复配使用时具有较好的协同效应,光电化学和SERS结果都说明其协同机理为两者都能对铜的缓蚀产生作用,前暑能促使电极表面产生的铜的氧化物增多;后者能与铜(Ⅰ)生成聚合物膜。     

The Effect of Magnetic Field on Corrosion Inhibitor of Copper in 0.5 M HCl Solution

Corrosion of metals within magnetic field (MF) had been actively studied for better understanding of the corrosion mechanism when the magnetic sources are presented. However, findings regarding the effect of MF on metals are inconclusive, and there is a lack of studies of MF interaction with various corrosion control techniques, such as corrosion inhibitor. In this paper, the effect of MF on the corrosion of copper in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, with or without corrosion inhibitor were studied. Benzotriazole (BTA), a common copper inhibitor, was chosen as the inhibitor for this study. To determine the effect of MF, a MF of 13 mT, generated using a pair of permanent neodymium magnet, was applied during weight loss and electrochemical tests. The results showed that corrosion inhibition efficiency of BTA decreased when it is under an applied MF. A decrease from 47% to 60% in inhibition efficiency had been observed for all samples in an applied MF. By using Tafel extrapolation technique on the polarization curves, it revealed that MF had increased the corrosion current of copper in HCl, causing a decrease in the inhibition efficiency.     

Raman spectroscopic studies on surface coordination mechanism of benzotriazole and triphenylphosphine with metals

The complexes of benzotriazole (BTAH) with Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn and Ni were prepared respectively in the non-aqueous solution by the direct electrochemical synthesis and characterized by microanalysis and normal Raman spectroscopy. The influence of the neutral ligand of triphenylphosphine (pph₃) on the coordination process was deduced by the normal Raman spectroscopy and electrochemistry. The metals were classified into two categories. For the first type, such as Cu and Ag, CuBTA and AgBTA were obtained in the solution without pph₃. The introduction of pph₃ led to its participation in the coordination processes of BTAH with Cu or Ag and appeared in the final complex. Fe, Zn and Ni belonged to the second type, there was no influence on the coordination of BTAH with Zn, Ni and Fe, i.e., the final complexes were Fe(BTA)₂, Zn(BTA)₂ and Ni(BTA)₂, respectively, in the solution with/without pph₃. The electrochemical results revealed that the BTAH can inhibit the corrosion of all the above metals, and the introduction of pph₃ resulted in the decrease of inhibition efficiency to Cu surface, while no influence was observed on the Ni surface. The different role of pph₃ was explained in terms of hard/soft acids and bases rule and coordination mechanism was proposed.     

Raman spectroscopic studies on surface coordination mechanism of benzotriazole and triphenylphosphine with metals

The complexes of benzotriazole (BTAH) with Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn and Ni were prepared respectively in the non-aqueous solution by the direct electrochemical synthesis and characterized by microanalysis and normal Raman spectroscopy. The influence of the neutral ligand of triphenylphosphine (pph₃) on the coordination process was deduced by the normal Raman spectroscopy and electrochemistry. The metals were classified into two categories. For the first type, such as Cu and Ag, CuBTA and AgBTA were obtained in the solution without pph₃. The introduction of pph₃ led to its participation in the coordination processes of BTAH with Cu or Ag and appeared in the final complex. Fe, Zn and Ni belonged to the second type, there was no influence on the coordination of BTAH with Zn, Ni and Fe, i.e., the final complexes were Fe(BTA)₂, Zn(BTA)₂ and Ni(BTA)₂, respectively, in the solution with/without pph₃. The electrochemical results revealed that the BTAH can inhibit the corrosion of all the above metals, and the introduction of pph₃ resulted in the decrease of inhibition efficiency to Cu surface, while no influence was observed on the Ni surface. The different role of pph₃ was explained in terms of hard/soft acids and bases rule and coordination mechanism was proposed.     

苯并三唑和8-羟基喹啉对铜的缓蚀协同作用

通过电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了苯并三唑（BTA）和8 羟基喹啉（HQ）对铜的缓蚀协同作用， BTA和HQ复配使用后提高了电极的膜电阻，降低了电极的膜电容，增强了对铜腐蚀的抑制作用.通过MM2分子力学程序和PPP SCF量子化学方法优化计算了BTA和HQ的分子结构参数，分析讨论了它们之间的缓蚀协同效应.     

2-十二烷基二硫代-4-苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-硫酮的合成及其对铜的缓蚀性能

合成了2-十二烷基二硫代-4-苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-硫酮(DPTT),用元素分析、IR1、H NMR等技术对化合物进行了结构表征.采用动态旋转挂片法考察了DPTT和苯并三唑(BTA)复配时对铜的缓蚀作用.结果表明,单一DPTT在浓度为3.0 mg/L时缓蚀效果最佳;DPTT与BTA复配使用时显示出较好的协同效应,1.0 mg/L DPTT和1.0 mg/L BTA复配时缓蚀效果最好.     

交流阻抗法研究BTA和MBT对铜的缓蚀行为

采用交流阻抗法研究了在３％ＮａＣｌ溶液中ＢＴＡ和ＭＢＴ对铜电极的缓蚀行为。结果表明：二者均有缓蚀作用；浸泡１５分钟时，在浓度低于２０ｐｐｍ时，ＢＴＡ优于ＭＢＴ；而在４０ｐｐｍ时ＭＢＴ优于ＢＴＡ。二者有显著的协同效应，最佳化率是２０ｐｐｍＢＴＡ＋２０ｐｐｍＭＢＴ。