Polarization-insensitive cross correlation using two-photon absorption in a silicon photodiode

We present experimental measurements of the polarization dependence of two-photon absorption in silicon photodiodes at 1550 nm, and we offer a simple theory that explains our observations. Based on this theory, we propose and demonstrate that it is possible to construct an optical cross-correlation system that is polarization insensitive, provided that one of the two input polarization states can be controlled.     

Polarization Bistability due to Optical Feedback

An optical ring cavity filled with an isotropic medium is driven externally. Two waves of the same frequency but of different polarization are coupled nonlinearly by a Kerr type interaction. It is theoretically shown that the symmetry of the linear polarized input field may be broken spontaneously. Beyond an intensity threshold the output field gets elliptic polarization. Right and left elliptic states are stable. The system shows polarization bistability.     

Flexible Manipulation of the Polarization Conversions in a Structured Vector Field in Free Space

The conversion between different polarizations generally requires an optical element or an optical system. We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that the conversion between different states of polarization (SoP) can be flexibly manipulated in a structured optical field by itself. During the structured optical field propagation in free space, any two orthogonal polarizations can be generated and auto‐focus at any desired propagation positions by purposely designing the initial SoP distribution and a caustic phase in the field cross‐section. The experiment arrangement combines a caustic‐based approach and a 4f optical system. This approach provides a way to flexibly manipulate the polarization conversions in free space propagation by the optical field itself (without any physical element along the propagation path), may lead to more complex and flexible vectorial manipulations of an optical field scenarios and potential applications in corresponding areas.     

A high-efficient method for generating radially and azimuthally polarized Bessel beams using biaxial crystals

As was shown previously, in propagation of a circularly polarized Bessel light beam along the optical axes of a biaxial crystal, there takes place the conversion of the order of Bessel function. In this paper, a new result is presented which is obtained by varying the polarization state of an input beam. Namely, a linearly polarized beam can be transformed into a beam with the radial or azimuthal polarization state. At that the order-transformation also occurs. The switching between radial and azimuthal polarization states of the output beam is performed by the proper switching between two orthogonal linear polarization states of the input beam. The efficiency of polarization conversion is high and can be practically full at an appropriate choice of the cone angle of the input beam or crystal length.     

基于相位调制偏振态QKD系统的量子信道校正发送方案

提出了一种基于相位调制偏振态QKD系统的量子信道校正发送的新方案—采用波导型相位调制器研制成电控连续可调光学相移器,它可随相位调制器输入电压的连续改变而产生连续的相移,从而控制输出的偏振态;在其前放置一个半波片,即可校正接收端偏振态量子态在信道中所发生的改变,从而保证信道传送密钥的可用性.通过理论推导和实验研究验证了基于相位调制偏振态QKD系统的量子信道校正发送方案的核心部件的可行性.由于本方案能实现高速调制（GHz）,为解决光纤传输的偏振编码QKD系统中偏振态漂移问题提供了一种新的途径.     

Anomalous pulse-width narrowing with first-order compensation of polarization mode dispersion

We present analytical and experimental results to demonstrate the narrowing of pulses transmitted through optical fibers, with polarization mode dispersion compensated for to first order in frequency. The compensation technique splits the optical signal at the fiber output into polarization components that are aligned with the output principal states of polarization, and only one of the two components is subsequently detected. It is shown that it is possible with this compensation technique to have output pulses that are narrower than the input pulses. Pulse narrowing can also be found when the optical signal is split into orthogonal polarization components that are not principal states of polarization.     

四通道微光偏振实时成像光学系统设计

为了提高微光成像质量,实现针对动态目标或变化场景的实时性成像的需求,基于偏振成像原理,并结合孔径分割技术设计了微光偏振实时成像光学系统。光学系统采用共口径四通道阵列结构,将4个待测偏振态分成4个独立的成像通道,通过子孔径成像镜组对探测器靶面进行四象限分割成像,每个偏振通道通过放置起偏状态不同的偏振片获取目标不同偏振态的强度图像,从而实现实时偏振成像。光学系统的设计焦距为100 mm、系统整体F数为1.2、工作波长范围为0.4 μm~0.85 μm、最低工作照度为1×10-3 lx、可输出1 080 pixel全高清图像。系统光学总长为167.5 mm,单通道镜头的MTF值在40 lp/mm处全视场均高于0.57。     

Least-squares analysis of the Mueller matrix

In a single-mode fiber excited by light with a fixed polarization state, the output polarizations obtained at two different optical frequencies are related by a Mueller matrix. We examine least-squares procedures for estimating this matrix from repeated measurements of the output Stokes vector for a random set of input polarization states. We then apply these methods to the determination of polarization mode dispersion and polarization-dependent loss in an optical fiber. We find that a relatively simple formalism leads to results that are comparable with those of far more involved techniques.     

Design of an augmented reality display based on polarization grating

A new optical system for an augmented reality(AR) display is proposed in this paper.The optical system mainly includes a ray deflector, coupling input grating, optical waveguide, and coupling output grating.Both the ray deflector and the coupling input grating are designed based on the diffraction characteristics of the polarization grating, and the coupling output grating is the Bragg reflection grating.Compared with other AR schemes, this AR optical system not only reduces the number of projections from two to one, but also improves the efficiency of light coupling into the optical waveguides.The energy loss is reduced by utilizing the single-order diffraction characteristics of the polarization grating in its coupling input structure.The light deflector uses the polarization selectivity of the polarization grating and the characteristics of the rotating light of the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer to realize beam deflection.The working principle of the optical system is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated.     

Nonlinear polarization conversion using microring resonators

We present a design of a polarization converter between linear, circular, and elliptic accomplished with an on-chip high-Q dielectric microring resonator. Nonlinear polarization switching can be accomplished at modest input intensities because of the high-intensity compression in the ring. We predict an optical bistability effect making the polarization of the transmitted light dependent on its spectral or intensity history.     

High-speed fiber based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography of in vivo human skin

A high-speed single-mode fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS OCT) system was developed. With a polarization modulator, Stokes parameters of reflected flight for four input polarization states are measured as a function of depth. A phase modulator in the reference arm of a Michelson interferometer permits independent control of the axial scan rate and carrier frequency. In vivo PS OCT images of human skin are presented, showing subsurface structures that are not discernible in conventional OCT images. A phase retardation image in tissue is calculated based on the reflected Stokes parameters of the four input polarization states.     

The characterizations of polarization in resonator integrated optic gyroscope

The general Jones matrix of the whole optical circuit in the resonator integrated optic gyro is deduced firstly, and then the propagation process of both polarization eigenstates in the gyro optic circuit is described by the matrix. The influence of refractive index difference between both polarization states, the coupling between both states in the cavity, the misalignment angle of fiber splices at the input and output port of the multifunction integrated optical device (MIOC) and the extinction ratio of MIOC, on the optical output properties of the resonator is analyzed.     

All-optical reconfigurable multi-logic gates based on nonlinear polarization rotation effect in a single SOA

We demonstrate an all-optical reconfigurable logic gate based on dominant nonlinear polarization rotation accompanied with cross-gain modulation effect in a single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA).Five logic functions,including NOT,OR,NOR,AND,and NAND,are realized using 10-Gb/s on-off keying signals with flexible wavelength tunability.The operation principle is explained in detail.By adjusting polarization controllers,multiple logic functions corresponding to different input polarization states are separately achieved using a single SOA with high flexibility.     

Optical pumping and a nondestructive readout of a single magnetic impurity spin in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot

We report on the resonant optical pumping of the | ± 1? spin states of a single Mn dopant in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot which is embedded in a charge tunable device. The experiment relies on a W scheme of transitions reached when a suitable longitudinal magnetic field is applied. The optical pumping is achieved via the resonant excitation of the central Λ system at the neutral exciton X(0) energy. For a specific gate voltage, the redshifted photoluminescence of the charged exciton X- is observed, which allows a nondestructive readout of the spin polarization. An arbitrary spin preparation in the | + 1? or |-1? state characterized by a polarization near or above 50% is evidenced.     

全光纤量子通信系统中的高速偏振控制方案

偏振控制在光通信中是至关重要的技术, 关系着通信系统的稳定性和误码率. 本文提出一种基于双向Sagnac环工作方式的全光纤高速偏振控制方案, 通过调节环中一个光纤电光相位调制器的相位差而精确控制光场偏振方向, 并且实现了单个端口输出各种偏振态, 无需后续耦合操作. 相位控制精度为10^-3 rad, 最大消光比可达30 dB, 工作速率可达2 GHz. 由于本方案的精度、调制速度和稳定性都很高, 并采用了器件简单、成本低廉的全光纤光路, 易于集成, 在量子保密通信等光通信领域中有很好的应用前景. 关键词： 光纤偏振控制器 Sagnac环 量子通信     

4×4自由空间光开关结构及其矩阵分析

光开关是全光通信网络中的一种重要的光无源器件。提出了一种4×4自由空间光开关的结构设计方法,并进行了矩阵理论分析。该4×4光开关具有新颖的光模块化结构,该光开关结构仅由偏振分束组合棱镜,λ／4波片,λ／2波片,直角棱镜,全反镜和偏振光调制器组成,对光开关的控制与输入光束的偏振态无关。所有的输出端口可以和输入端口无阻塞地互连交换。这种新型的光开关结构具有光学元件少,结构紧凑,模块化,与偏振无关的特点。基于4×4光开关的矩阵分析得到了路由控制表,为4×4光开关从任意输人端口到任意输出端口的路由控制状态提供了理论分析手段,从而可以方便地实现无阻塞地光交换开关矩阵的路由控制功能。     

Quantum measurements of the parameters of the Gell-Mann optical field with an SU(3) interferometer

The SU(3) polarization theory in the Hilbert space is developed for quantum Bose systems with Gell-Mann symmetry. The degrees of polarization and isopolarization are determined. An original SU(3) interferometer for measuring the phase-dependent Gell-Mann parameters of an optical field is considered, and the signal-to-noise measurements limiting in quantum noises and based on the use of entangled and squeezed states of light at the entrance of the optical system are analyzed. A new type of quantum (helical) states of optical radiation for which the correlation between the Hermitian quadratures and isospin operators plays a crucial role is revealed for one of these modes in the classical-field approximation.     

Optical realization of optimal symmetric real state quantum cloning machine

We present an experimentally uniform linear optical scheme to implement the optimal 1→2 symmetric and optimal 1→3 symmetric economical real state quantum cloning machine of the polarization state of the single photon. This scheme requires single-photon sources and two-photon polarization entangled state as input states. It also involves linear optical elements and three-photon coincidence. Then we consider the realistic realization of the scheme by using the parametric down-conversion as photon resources. It is shown that under certain condition, the scheme is feasible by current experimental technology.