Novel microporous europium and terbium silicates

The synthesis and structural characterization of the first examples of microporous europium(III) and terbium(III) silicates (Na(4)K(2)X(2)Si(16)O(38) x 10H(2)O, X = Eu, Tb) are reported. The structure of these solids was solved by powder X-ray diffraction ab initio (direct) methods and further characterized by chemical analysis (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (23)Na and (29)Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, and luminescence spectroscopy. Both materials display interesting photoluminescence properties and present potential for applications in optoelectronics. This work illustrates the possibility of combining in a given silicate microporosity and optical activity.     

Novel microporous lanthanide silicates with tobermorite-like structure

The synthesis and structural characterization of microporous lanthanide silicates (Na(1.08)K(0.5)Ln(1.14)Si(3)O(8.5).1.78H(2)O, Ln = Eu, Tb, Sm, Ce) are reported. The structure of these solids is closely related with the structure of hydrated calcium silicate minerals known as tobermorites and was solved by powder X-ray diffraction ab initio (direct) methods and further characterized by chemical analysis, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, (23)Na and (29)Si MAS NMR and luminescence spectroscopy. These materials combine microporosity with interesting photoluminescence properties, and their structural flexibility allows fine-tuning of luminescence properties, by introducing a second type of lanthanide ion in the framework. Thus, they may find applications in new types of sensors.     

Silica self-assembly and synthesis of microporous and mesoporous silicates

The microstructure of silica in basic aqueous solutions containing organic cations and prepared from monomeric precursors is reviewed and interpreted within the context of classical ideas of self-assembly of molecular aggregates. The solution properties can be understood by using the pseudo-phase separation approach coupled to the acid-base chemistry of silanol groups and the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The silica nanoparticles frequently observed in these systems have a core-shell structure with silica in the core and the organic cations at the shell. Individual particles are observed when the forces between particles are repulsive-as is the case for small cations such as tetramethylammonium or tetrapropylammonium-and extended structures such as M41S materials are formed when the forces are attractive--as is the case for surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium. These ideas are useful to understand the evolution of zeolite synthesis gels from nucleation to crystal growth. Although at room temperature the silica and the organic cations are segregated, upon heating the organic cations are embedded within the particles. This transformation signals the onset of structure direction whereby the size and geometry of the organic cation induce changes in the structure of silica that may lead to zeolite nuclei.     

Synergic extraction and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of vanadium in silicates

An atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of vanadium in silicates is proposed. Samples are digested with aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid in sealed Tenon vessels, iron is eliminated by anion exchange from 8 M hydrochloric acid, and vanadium is extracted synergically with β -isopropyltropolone into di-n-butyl ether in the presence of n-butanol from 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. The extract is aspirated into a nitrous oxide—acetylene flame. Less than 3 mg of iron in the organic extract (15 ml) does not interfere in the determination of 150 μg of vanadium. The results for vanadium in nine standard rock samples (USGS, GSJ and CSRM) agree well with earlier data. The recovery, reproducibility, and accuracy of the proposed method are satisfactory. Vanadium in new standard silicate rocks, GSJ-JB-2 and GSJ-JA-1, was also determined.     

Open-framework structures of transition-metal compounds

Inorganic framework solids are no longer limited to just the silicates and phosphates. Recent research has revealed that carboxylates, arsenates, sulfates, selenates, selenites, germanates, phosphites can also form such structures. One of the emerging areas combines the rich coordination chemistry of the central metal ions of many of these structures with the flexibility and functionality of the organic linkers to give rise to organic-inorganic hybrid compounds. The compounds of the transition-metals appear to provide many variations arising from their coordination preferences, ligand geometry, and the valence state. In addition, the combination of the magnetic nature of the transition metal center with the channel structure of open frameworks suggests interesting potential applications. In this Review the synthesis, structures and properties of the various transition-metal open-framework compounds are discussed.     

A method for the determination of vanadium and iron oxidation states in naturally occurring oxides and silicates

A valence-specific analytical method for determining V³⁺ in ore minerals has been developed that involves two steps: dissolution of a mineral sample without disturbing the V³⁺/V^tot ratio, followed by determination of V³⁺ in the presence of V⁴⁺. The samples are dissolved in a mixture of hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids at 100° in Teflon-lined reaction vessels. Tervalent vanadium is then determined colorimetrically by formation of a V³⁺-thiocyanate complex in aqueous-acetone medium. Fe³⁺ is measured semi-quantitatively in the same solution. The method has been tested with two naturally occurring samples containing vanadium and iron. The results obtained were supported by those obtained by other methods, including electron spin resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy.     

Confined water dissociation in microporous defective silicates: mechanism, dipole distribution, and impact on substrate properties

Interest in microporous materials has risen in recent years, as they offer a confined environment that is optimal to enhance chemical reactions. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, the main component of cement, presents a layered structure with sub-nanometer-size disordered pores filled with water and cations. The size of the pores and the hydrophilicity of the environment make C-S-H gel an excellent system to study the possibility of confined water reactions. To investigate it, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF force field. The results show that water does dissociate to form hydroxyl groups. We have analyzed the water dissociation mechanism, as well as the changes in the structure and water affinity of the C-S-H matrix and water polarization, comparing the results with the behavior of water in a defective zeolite. Finally, we establish a relationship between water dissociation in C-S-H gel and the increase of hardness due to a transformation from a two- to a three-dimensional structure.     

Open-framework cadmium succinates of different dimensionalities

Open-framework cadmium succinates, [CN(3)H(6)](2)[Cd(2)(C(4)H(4)O(4))(Cl)(2)], I; [CN(3)H(6)](2)[Cd(C(4)H(4)O(4))(2)], II; Cd(2)(C(4)H(4)O(4))(2)(C(4)N(2)H(8))(H(2)O)(3), III; [C(4)N(2)H(12)][Cd(2)(C(4)H(4)O(4))(3)].4H(2)O, IV; Cd(C(4)H(4)O(4))(H(2)O)(2), V; and Cd(3)(C(4)H(4)O(4))(2)(OH)(2)], VI, of different dimensionalities have been synthesized by hydrothermal procedure by employing two different strategies, one involving the reaction of Cd salts with organic-amine succinates and the other involving the hydrothermal reaction of Cd salts with a mixture of succinic acid and the organic amine. While the latter procedure yields structures without any amine in them, the former gives rise to amine templated cadmium succinates with open architectures. By employing guanidinium succinate we have obtained I and II, and with piperazinium succinate we obtained III and IV. Of these I has a one-dimensional chain structure, IV has a layered structure, and II and III have three-dimensional architectures. The two cadmium succinates without incorporation of amine, V and VI, possess layered and three-dimensional structures, respectively. The three-dimensional structures II and III exhibit interpenetration similar to that in diamondoid and alpha-polonium type structures, respectively.     

Selective spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in silicates with a new pyridylazophenol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

The synthesis of a new heterocyclic azo compound, 2-(3,5-dibromo-4-methyl-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophcnol (3,5-Br-MEPADAP is described. The dye forms an intensely coloured (ε=4.11·10⁴ 1 mole^-1 cm^-1 at 615 nm) unstable chelate with vanadium(V) in weakly acidic medium. However, vanadium(V) reacts with 3,5-Br-MEPADAP and hydrogen peroxide in 0.5 M sulphuric acid to form a stable 1:1:1 ternary complex which is extractable in several solvents. In the presence of fluoride, the reaction is highly selective for vanadium(V); only large amounts of halides, oxidizing and reducing agents interfere. The effective molar absorptivity is 5.43 ·10⁴ 1 mole^-1 cm^-1 at 615 nm in chloroform. The reagent system was applied for the direct spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in a wide range of silicates; the average relative standard deviation was 0.45 %. The accuracy of the vanadium values obtained for ten international standard rocks compares well with the currently accepted most probable values.     

新型非致密相磷酸锗锌化合物的合成与表征

在已合成的锗分子筛中 ,Ge O4 四面体 ,Ge O6 八面体或 Ge O5三角双锥通过共角形成骨架结构[1～ 3] .但磷酸锗类化合物仍很稀少 ,仅有 MGe2 ( PO4 ) 3[M=Ag,Cu( ) ,Na,Li][4 ,5] 通过固相方法被合成出来 ,锌骨架的分子筛报道很少 .L i Jian- min等 [6 ]报道了首例 ( DABCO) Zn Ge( HPO4 ) 3的合成和表征 .本文报道新型非致密相磷酸锗锌化合物的合成与表征 .1　实验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂　 Siemens D5 0 0 5 X射线衍射仪 ( Cu Kα射线 ) ;光学显微镜和 SEM Hi- 60 0高分辨扫描电子显微镜 ;Perkin- Elmer Optima330 0 DV I…     

Breathing and twisting: an investigation of framework deformation and guest packing in single crystals of a microporous vanadium benzenedicarboxylate

The structural details of the compounds vanadium benzenedicarboxylate VO(bdc)·Guest, where the Guests are the absorbed six-ring molecules: benzene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, cyclohexene and cyclohexane, have been determined from single crystal X-ray data. All of the six-ring guest molecules show a high degree of ordering inside the channels of VO(bdc). The interactions between the guests and the host framework are dominated by van der Waals bonding. The six-ring molecules are all packed in two columns in the channels, either in herringbone or close to parallel patterns. The packing changes the space group symmetry of VO(bdc) from Pnma to the noncentrosymmetric space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). The VO(bdc) framework deforms to closely adapt to the shape and thickness changes of the double columns of the guest molecules. In addition to the well studied breathing deformation, a twisting deformation mechanism that involves a cooperative rotation of the octahedral chains accompanied by bending of the bdc ligand is apparent in the detailed structural data. More quantitative information on the remarkable flexibility of the VO(bdc) framework was obtained from ab initio calculations.     

Open-framework aluminoborates co-templated by two types of primary amines

A series of open-framework aluminoborates (ABOs), [CH(3)NH(3)][(CH(3)CH(2))(2)NH(2)][Al(B(5)O(10))] (1), [CH(3)CH(2)NH(3)][(CH(3)CH(2))(2)NH(2)][Al(B(5)O(10))] (2), [CH(3)CH(2)NH(3)][(CH(3))(2)NH(2)](H(2)O)(0.5)[Al(B(5)O(10))] (3) and [CH(3)NH(3)][CH(3)CH(2)NH(3)](H(2)O)(2)[Al(B(5)O(10))] (4) have been made co-templated by two types of primary amines under solvothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, UV-Vis, powder XRD, single crystal XRD and NLO determination, respectively. These four ABOs display two structural types: 1, 2 and 3 are isostructural and exhibit CrB(4) topology, showing three different layers along three different directions; while 4 contains 8-, 14-ring layers, which are packed along the [001] direction to form a noncentrosymmetric 3D framework with 8-, 14-ring channels, showing second harmonic generation (SHG) response that is about 0.5 times that of KDP (KH(2)PO(4)). The electronic structure calculations for 1 and 4 also have been performed.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Two New Organically Templated Open-framework Uranium Phosphites

1 INTRODUCTION Uranium-based open-framework materials are the subject of significant investigation because of their relevance to radioactive waste management, ura- nium geochemistry and possible applications in ion exchange, catalysis, etc[1]. The crystal chemistry of hexavalent uranium is rich in structure style due to the high coordination numbers (six, seven, or eight) accessible to U6 and the polarized distribution of bond strengths within uranyl polyhedra. The area of metal phospho…     

开放骨架磷酸铁的合成与性质

通过使用二丙烯基三胺为结构导向剂, 在水热体系中合成出一例具有新型三维开放骨架结构的磷酸铁化合物JU94(\begin{array}{c}\left|2H_{3}O\right|\end{array}[Fe₂P₂O₈(OH)₂]). 单晶X射线衍射分析结果显示, 该化合物结晶在单斜晶系P2₁/c空间群, 晶胞参数a=0.97566(5) nm, b=0.98560(5) nm, c=1.24514(5) nm, β=129.651(3)°, V=0.92189(8) nm³. 该化合物的骨架结构是由FeO₆八面体和PO₄四面体连接构成, 以四核铁簇作为结构构筑单元. JU94沿[101], [\begin{array}{c}\bar{1}\end{array}01], [010]和[111]方向含有扭曲八元环孔道, 水分子分布于孔道中. 穆斯堡尔谱研究结果表明, 该结构具有2个晶体学独立的正三价铁离子. 磁性研究结果表明, 该物质具有反铁磁性.     

Analysis of silicates

Conclusions Using a new rapid method, K₂O, Na₂O, CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ were determined in silicates according to a single procedure, from a single sample.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1648–1655, August, 1967.     

具有方石英拓扑结构的微孔硫代锗锌酸盐的溶剂热合成与表征

微孔化合物是一类重要的材料,广泛地应用于催化、吸附及分离等领域。目前已知的微孔材料绝大多数为无机氧化物或氟氧化物,20世纪80年代末,Bedard等首先报道了微孔硫属化物的合成．这类化合物除具有微孔材料的性质外,还具有半导体性质,在电催化、光催化、太阳能电池及新型光电子材料如量子点(dots)及反量子点(antidots)材料方面有着广泛的应用前景,     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New 3-D Open-framework Zincophosphate

An open-framework zincophosphate, [C4N3H16][Zn4.5（PO4）4] 1, has been hydro- thermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 with a = 14.512（5）, c = 8.914（3）A, V = 1877.3（11）A3, C4H16NaO16P4Zn4.50, Mr = 780 24： Z = 4, Dc = 2.761 g/cm^3,μ= 6.103 mm^-1, F（000） = 1536, T = 298（2） K, R = 0.0416 and wR = 0.0816. In the structure, ZnO4 and PO4 tetrahedra are linked to each other, forming four-membered rings which are connected variably to form two secondary building units （SBUs）. The SBUs are connected so as to generate two chains along the c axis, which are further linked together alternatively via common oxygen atoms （Zn-O-P） giving rise to 8-ring-channels in the [001] direction, and the protonated guest diethylenetriamine （DETA） molecules sit in the middle of these channels. Other characterizations are also described by elemental analysis, thermal analysis and IR and fluorescent spectra.