聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐/SiO_2复合载体型钛催化剂制备及表征

可用于负载烯烃聚合催化剂的材料很多,目前无机载体以SiO2和MgCl2最为普遍.但SiO2和MgCl2容易出现团聚现象,特别是由于SiO2表面羟基分布不均匀,会造成载体局部区域的催化剂浓度过大,活性中心过于集中,对烯烃共聚合时共聚单体的分布不利[1].聚合物载体由于表面的官能团分布均匀及分布密度可调,负载后的催化体系对氧、水的稳定性增加.但聚合物载体制备较为复杂,且用研磨法得到的载体颗粒形态及分布不易控制,用于高温聚合时容易破裂.由于无机和有机载体各自具有某些特殊的优点,可以进行互补克服某些不利的因素,因而怎样利用不同类型载体的复配,得到性能优良的复合载体,已成为烯烃催化剂载体化研究的一个重要方向.本文制备了聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PMA)/SiO2复合载体,制备了负载化TiCl4烯烃聚合催化剂,其既可以避免由纯无机物为载体而引入过多的无机灰分,又可以避免仅用聚合物为载体而造成的负载率低的缺点,同时保持了无机载体的刚性和聚合物载体官能团的多分布性.     

负载型配位催化剂在烯烃双烯烃聚合中的应用

综述了近年来负载型配位催化剂在烯烃、双烯烃聚合中的应用研究进展，包括无机裁体有机载体、复合载体负载催化剂以及复合型主催化剂用于烯烃、双烯烃的聚合。     

聚合物载体负载TiCl4/I-Bu3Al催化烯烃聚合

聚合物负载催化剂;聚合物载体负载TiCl4/I-Bu3Al催化烯烃聚合     

负载型茂金属烯烃聚合催化剂有机载体研究进展

综述了近年来各种有机载体负载茂金属催化剂的负载方法,介绍了有机载体型茂金属催化剂的特点、负载方式、负载化对催化烯烃聚合性能和聚合物性能的影响。目前还不能完全解释清楚有机载体对聚烯烃形态以及聚合活性的影响效果。在有机载体合成方面,可以通过高分子工程,进行有机载体的设计,将茂金属催化剂负载到有机载体上,进一步提高有机载体型茂金属催化剂的活性、改善有机载体的形态和结构,将会推进有机载体负载型茂金属催化剂的工业化开发。     

聚合物负载贵金属催化剂的合成及其在氢化反应中的应用进展

聚合物负载贵金属催化剂大多具有良好的光学催化活性,并且反应后容易从反应物中分离,重复实用性高,成为近年来人们研究的热点。常见的聚合物载体主要为有机聚合物及多种无机-有机杂化材料。本文主要按聚合物载体种类的不同,综述了聚合物负载Pt、Pd、Rh等贵金属催化剂的制备方法及其在烯烃、二烯烃、炔烃和硝基芳香化合物等物质的催化氢化中的应用情况。同时,对以树形分子为载体的催化剂、负载多元金属催化剂以及负载金型催化剂的研究及应用情况也进行了总结和评述。     

苯乙烯-4-乙烯基吡啶无规共聚物/SiO2纳米杂化材料负载茂钛催化剂的制备及苯乙烯聚合

均相茂金属催化剂的非均相化已成为高分子化学领域一个新的研究热点. 该催化剂负载于不溶性的载体上, 形成的负载型催化剂既有均相催化剂单一活性特点（如金属原子利用率及催化活性高、反应快、条件温和及分子量分布窄）, 又兼有非均相催化剂的优点（产物易于分离, 可用于淤浆聚合、气相聚合或本体聚合来制备几何形状均一的聚合物）[1]. 由于无机和有机载体都有某些特殊优点和一些弊端, 故将无机和有机载体复配, 以得到性能优越的复合载体已成为催化剂载体研究的一个重要方向.     

茂金属催化剂的负载化

茂金属催化剂是继齐格勒-纳塔催化剂之后的新一代烯烃聚合催化剂,与多活性中心催化剂相比,这种单一活性中心类型的催化剂具有聚合活性较高、聚合物分子量分布较窄等特点。其中,负载化是茂金属催化剂实用化的重要课题,它克服了均相催化体系中聚合物形貌不可控的缺点,降低了助催化剂的用量。近些年来茂金属负载化的研究仍很活跃。本文总结了近十年来茂金属负载化的研究进展,主要对载体的形貌、载体的改性处理、茂金属催化剂的负载方法和负载化茂金属催化剂的应用进行了评述并展望了茂金属催化剂负载化的发展趋势。     

负载型烯烃聚合催化剂载体修饰新方法

负载型烯烃聚合催化剂载体修饰新方法１）葛从辛王立２）封麟先（浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系杭州３１００２７）关键词聚烯烃催化剂载体表面修饰硼化合物分类号Ｏ６４３．３烯烃聚合催化剂经负载后能有效地改善所得聚合物的颗粒形态，并可用于气相聚合，同时还出现了许...     

蒙脱土负载聚合催化剂用于乙烯原位共聚制备LLDPE

将蒙脱土 (MMT)负载的聚合催化剂rac Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl2 和均相低聚催化剂 { [(2 ArNC(Me) ) 2 C5H3N]FeCl2 } (Ar=2 ,4 C6 H4 (Me) 2 )组成双功能催化体系用于乙烯原位共聚制备线性低密度聚乙烯 (LLDPE) .通过调节两种催化剂之间的比例和MAO的用量制备了一系列支化度不同的LLDPE产品 .聚合反应动力学曲线表明 ,两种催化剂表现出各自的乙烯吸收特征 ,蒙脱土负载化的共聚催化剂催化乙烯聚合时反应平稳易控制 .DSC曲线表明 ,聚合物的熔点和结晶度随Fe Zr的增大而减小 .用密度梯度法测得的聚合物密度随Fe Zr的增大而降低 .从1 3C NMR谱图上可以看到 ,得到的聚合物是LLDPE ,其支化度随Fe Zr的增大而增大 ,聚合物中仍含有未共聚的α 烯烃 ,这一点从GPC上也能得到验证 .扫描电镜 (SEM)照片表明用这种双功能催化剂共聚得到的LLDPE具有良好的形态     

聚合物载体负载TiCl4/I-Bu3Al催化烯烃聚合

探讨了聚合物负载烯烃聚合催化剂的合成及用于聚合的研究,研究了聚合物作为载体的催化和赤,并通过ＩＲ,ＤＳＣ,元素分析和粘度法测定分子量等手段对催化剂及聚合物进行了表征,包括合成聚合物负载的Ｔi体系催化剂和用所合成的催化剂进行了乙烯聚合,乙烯、丙烯与丁二烯共聚合的研究。     

SiO2/Cr monolayers and formation of polyethylene films

1,3,5-tribenzylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-CrCl3 (TAC-CrCl3) was supported on monodisperse St?ber silica and on commercial silica particles. The monolayers of these catalyst particles were successfully prepared with Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The effect of TAC-CrCl3 molecules on the ordering and film-forming of the silica particles was investigated. The particles arrange in domains of hexagonal ordering, but the ordering of particles in the monolayer decreases with increasing Cr loading. These hybrid monolayers are active polymerization catalysts. After polymerization, a relatively rough layer of polyethylene molecules covers the catalyst monolayer and this layer is hydrophobic. The monolayers and the polymers coating films were characterized by IR, UV-vis-NIR, and SEM. The method provides a way to fabricate polyethylene films on silica monolayers.     

Morphology Evolution in the Early Stages of Olefin Polymerization

The olefin polymerizations were carried out by using silica supported metallocene/MAO catalysts and MgCl₂ supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts under mild reaction conditions and stopped at very low yield. The surface and cross sectional morphology of the polymer particles were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A homogeneous distribution of (co)catalyst on the support material is a prerequisite condition to get a homogeneous fragmentation and uniform polymer particle morphology. In the present work the catalysts show two different fragmentation behaviors. They can gradually fragment from the outer to the inner surface of the catalyst particle, or instantaneously break up into a large amount of small sub-particles at the beginning of the polymerization. The incorporation of comonomer does not change the general catalyst fragmentation scheme but delays the catalysts break-up progress.     

吸附相反应技术制备双金属 Ag-Ni 催化剂用于硝基苯液相加氢

 浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学系, 浙江杭州 310027 摘要：采用吸附相技术在乙醇-水体系中分别制备了硅胶和高岭土负载的 Ag-Ni 双金属催化剂, 并用于硝基苯低温液相加氢制苯胺反应. 考察了催化剂中 Ni 含量和 Ni/Ag 比对催化剂形貌和活性的影响. 结果表明, 高岭土或硅胶负载的催化剂在 Ni/Ag = 5 (摩尔比) 时活性较高, 且都存在一个最佳 Ni 含量, 分别为 0.04% 和 0.03%. 在相同条件下, 以高岭土负载的 Ag-Ni 催化剂的活性和苯胺收率更高.     

One pot synthesis of bimodal UHMWPE/HDPE in‐reactor blends with Cr/V bimetallic catalysts

Bimodal ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) in‐reactor blends (IRBs) are produced by the bimetallic catalysts, which are synthesized through co‐supporting silylchromate and vanadium‐oxide‐based catalysts on silica or alumina, zirconia and titania‐modified silica. After support modification, the activities of the catalysts for ethylene polymerization are substantially enhanced. The IRBs produced by the modified catalysts also contain more UHMWPE and low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (LMWPE) fractions, and have much broader molecular weight distribution (MWD). The homogeneous nature of the IRBs is preliminarily confirmed by the differential scanning calorimetry melting curves, showing unique melting peak in both nascent and recrystallized states. The rheological results reflect that the viscosity of the IRBs is reduced more or less when compared with UHMWPE. The distinct elastic dominance of the IRBs is also observed, implying the UHMWPE characteristics in the IRBs. In addition, the intimate mixing of the IRBs is further verified by the similar slopes of Han curves for the polyethylene (PE) samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 3404–3412     

杂化硅胶整体材料研磨法制备混合型高效液相色谱固定相

以聚乙二醇（PEG）为致孔剂，四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷（VTMS）为杂化硅胶前驱体，在乙酸催化作用下使硅烷发生水解，在尿素加热分解提供的碱性环境下水解的硅烷进一步缩聚得到杂化硅胶整体材料。将此整体材料用球磨机研磨，然后用三羟甲基氨基甲烷处理，并洗涤干燥得到粒径为3 μm左右的硅胶颗粒。探索了不同反应条件对硅胶颗粒的大小、比表面积和孔径、表面形貌和分散性的影响；当TMOS和VTMS体积比为3：1时可以得到孔径为7.5 nm和比表面积为245 m²/g的硅胶颗粒。通过对所制得的硅胶颗粒表面进行C18（十八烷基二甲基氯硅烷）键合修饰和巯基-烯点击反应，得到混合型高效液相色谱固定相。对此固定相的测试结果表明以上硅胶色谱填料的制备方法具有一定的实用性。     

Influence of Silica Support Size on the Polymerisation of Ethylene Using a Supported Metallocene Catalyst

In the current work, we will focus on the influence of support properties on the activity and molecular weights of polyethylene produced with a metallocene supported on silica treated with MAO. It is demonstrated that relatively small changes in the size of the silica particles have a profound effect on the activity of the growing particles, and that not all particles in a given batch of catalyst behave in the same manner.     

The influence of porosity on the Phillips Cr/silica catalyst 2. Polyethylene elasticity

The Phillips Cr/silica catalyst produces low levels of long chain branching (LCB) in polyethylene, which have a powerful influence on industrial molding behavior. Although many catalyst and reactor variables determine the degree of LCB, perhaps the most significant of these is the morphology of the silica support. In this study many different types of silicas were converted into Cr/silica catalysts, which were tested in ethylene polymerization, and the resultant polymer elasticity was then determined. In some experiments, the surface area of the catalyst seemed to correlate quite well with polymer elasticity. In other tests, however, no connection with surface area was evident but the pore volume was quite influential. Together, all these studies suggest that it is the degree of structural reinforcement of the silica matrix, rather than any one physical measurement of porosity, that influences elasticity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 845–865, 2009     

X-ray microtomography studies of nascent polyolefin particles polymerized over magnesium chloride-supported catalysts

Drastic changes occur during the initial stages of the α-olefin polymerization over heterogeneous catalysts. Fragmentation of the support takes place as polymer is formed at the active sites within the voids of the support/catalyst. Magnesium chloride-supported titanium catalyst/polymer particles have been analyzed employing high-resolution computed microtomography (CMT) using synchrotron radiation at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The changes in morphology, the spatial distribution of the support/catalyst fragments, porosity, and polymer distribution in single growing polypropylene and polyethylene particles have been studied. These studies documented considerable macroporosity ( > 2 μm in size) within the growing catalyst/support/polymer particles. The largest pores may be due to agglomeration of smaller subparticles. Our results confirm that the initial fragmentation of the support proceeds readily and uniformly to yield a multi-grain growth of subparticle agglomerates. The support/catalyst fragments appear to be distributed relatively uniformly within the growing polymer particle. The surface of the subparticle agglomerates is accessible through the void-space between growing catalyst/particle grains. This may facilitate monomer transport to the activate sites through the polymer/catalyst particles. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

In Situ Immobilization of Ultrafine Particles Synthesized in a Water/Oil Microemulsion

We investigated the in situ immobilization of ultrafine particles synthesized in a water/oil (w/o) microemulsion to silica for its possible application to supported metal catalysts. ZnS particles immobilized to silica by the ME method were consistent with those synthesized in a w/o microemulsion. Therefore, ZnS particles in a w/o microemulsion could be immobilized to silica without aggregation by this method. The relationship between the method of synthesizing Rh ultrafine particles in a w/o microemulsion and the diameter and diameter distribution of Rh particles immobilized to silica was studied. Rh-SiO(2) catalysts with a sharp diameter distribution could be prepared by immobilizing Rh-hydrazine complex particles because these complex particles would be very stable in a w/o microemulsion. The Rh particle diameters of Rh-SiO(2) catalysts prepared by changing the amount of silica produced were almost identical. Accordingly, the Rh particle diameter of Rh-SiO(2) catalysts could be controlled independently of Rh content by the ME method. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Assessment of the 3D localization of metallic nanoparticles in Pd/SiO2 cogelled catalysts by electron tomography

The purpose of this study is to analyze the localization of palladium nanoparticles within their silica support, in two heterogeneous catalysts synthesized by the sol-gel process, with different metal loadings. Electron tomography demonstrates that the palladium particles are localized deep inside the silica skeleton. The use of digital image analysis further shows that the dispersion of palladium is optimal in the sample with the lowest loading. The particles are regularly spaced in the middle of the silica skeleton, with a distance between them comparable to the diameter of the struts of silica.