(0, 2) Pál-type interpolation on a circle in the complex plane involving Möbius transforms

We study the regularity of certain (0,?2) Pál-type interpolation problems involving the Möbius transforms of the zeros of z ²ⁿ ?ρ ²ⁿ to the circle ∣z∣?=?ρ′.     

A fascinating polynomial sequence arising from an electrostatics problem on the sphere

A positive unit point charge approaching from infinity a perfectly spherical isolated conductor carrying a total charge of +1 will eventually cause a negatively charged spherical cap to appear. The determination of the smallest distance ρ(d) (d is the dimension of the unit sphere) from the point charge to the sphere where still all of the sphere is positively charged is known as Gonchar’s problem. Using classical potential theory for the harmonic case, we show that 1+ρ(d) is equal to the largest positive zero of a certain sequence of monic polynomials of degree 2d?1 with integer coefficients which we call Gonchar polynomials. Rather surprisingly, ρ(2)?is the Golden ratio and ρ(4) the lesser known Plastic number. But Gonchar polynomials have other interesting properties. We discuss their factorizations, investigate their zeros and present some challenging conjectures.     

Orthogonal polynomials for Jacobi-exponential weights (1−x 2) ρ e −Q(x) on (−1,1)

This paper deals with orthogonal polynomials for Jacobi-exponential weights (1?x ²) ^ρ e ^?Q(x) on (?1,1) and gives bounds on orthogonal polynomials, zeros, and Christofel functions. In addition, restricted range inequalities are also obtained.     

Asymptotic behavior of zeros of Mittag-Leffler functions of order 1/2

Let z _n denote the sequence of zeros of the Mittag-Leffler function E _ρ (z; μ), ρ > 0, μ ∈ ?, which is an entire function of order ρ. With the exception of the case ρ = 1/2, Re μ = 3 an asymptotic behavior of the sequence z _n ^ρ was known earlier up to infinitesimals o(1) having a sharply defined rate of decrease. In this paper the behavior of the sequence z _n ^1/2 is studied just in this exceptional case. Furthermore, for ρ = 1/2, μ > 3 we give the form of a curvilinear half-plane which is free of the points z _n .     

On exceptional values of entire and meromorphic functions

Letf(z) be meromorphic function of finite nonzero orderρ. Assuming certain growth estimates onf by comparing it withr ^ρ L(r) whereL(r) is a slowly changing function we have obtained the bounds for the zeros off(z) ?g (z) whereg (z) is a meromorphic function satisfyingT (r, g)=o {T(r, f)} asr → ∞. These bounds are satisfied but for some exceptional functions. Examples are given to show that such exceptional functions exist.     

On exceptional values of differential polynomials

Let ?(z) be a meromorphic function of finite non-zero orderρ. Assuming certain growth estimates on ? by comparing it withr ^p L (r) whereL (r) is a slowly changing function we have obtained the bounds on the zeros of ψ (z) —w where ψ (z) is a differential polynomial. These bounds are satisfied except for special values ofw. Examples are given to show that the exceptional values exist.     

Le critère de Li et l'hypothèse de Riemann pour la classe de Selberg

We generalise Li's criterion, already known for the Riemann zeta function, to a large class of Dirichlet series. We give first an explicit formula for the coefficients , for all positive integers n and ρ runs over all the non-trivial zeros of a function F in this class. To do so, we use the Weil Explicit Formula.     

Zero density of L-functions related to Maass forms

Let f(z) be a Hecke-Maass cusp form for SL ₂(?), and let L(s, f) be the corresponding automorphic L-function associated to f. For sufficiently large T, let N(σ, T) be the number of zeros ρ = β +iγ of L(s, f) with |γ| ? T, β ? σ, the zeros being counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, we get that for 3/4 ? σ ? 1 ? ?, there exists a constant C = C(?) such that N(σ,T) ? T ^2(1?σ)/σ(logT) ^C , which improves the previous results.     

A method of finding automorphism groups of endomorphism monoids of relational systems

For any set X and any relation ρ on X, let T(X,ρ) be the semigroup of all maps a:X→X that preserve ρ. Let S(X) be the symmetric group on X. If ρ is reflexive, the group of automorphisms of T(X,ρ) is isomorphic to N_S(X)(T(X,ρ)), the normalizer of T(X,ρ) in S(X), that is, the group of permutations on X that preserve T(X,ρ) under conjugation. The elements of N_S(X)(T(X,ρ)) have been described for the class of so-called dense relations ρ. The paper is dedicated to applications of this result.     

Point processes in general position

The aim of this note is to introduce for point processes in ? ^d the notions general position and reinforced general position, and to characterize these processes. As a consequence we show that Poisson processes P _ρ with an infinite intensity measures ρ are in general position iff ρ is diffuse in the sense that any affine subspace of dimension d ? 1 is a ρ-nullset. Moreover, P _ρ is in reinforced general position iff in addition any (d ? 1)-sphere is a ρ-nullset.     

Spectral property of the Bernoulli convolutions

For 0<ρ<1, let μρ be the Bernoulli convolution associated with ρ. Jorgensen and Pedersen [P. Jorgensen, S. Pedersen, Dense analytic subspaces in fractal L²-spaces, J. Anal. Math. 75 (1998) 185-228] proved that if ρ=1/q where q is an even integer, then L²(μρ) has an exponential orthonormal basis. We show that for any 0<ρ<1, L²(μρ) contains an infinite orthonormal set of exponential functions if and only if ρ is the nth root of a fraction p/q where p is an odd integer and q is an even integer.     

Elasticity Properties Preserved in the Normset

Let T⊆R be the rings of integers in a number field and a finite Galois extension field. We study relations between the elasticity ρ(R) of the monoid of nonzero elements of R and the elasticity ρ(S) of the monoid S of norms to T of those elements. We show ρ(R)?ρ(S) and that equality holds if the norms of irreducible elements of R are irreducible in S, which is true, in particular, if either ρ(R)<2 or ρ(S)=1.     

On the zeros of basic finite Hankel transforms

In this article we prove that the basic finite Hankel transform whose kernel is the third-type Jackson q-Bessel function has only infinitely many real and simple zeros, provided that q satisfies a condition additional to the standard one. We also study the asymptotic behavior of the zeros. The obtained results are applied to investigate the zeros of q-Bessel functions as well as the zeros of q-trigonometric functions. A basic analog of a theorem of G. Pólya (1918) on the zeros of sine and cosine transformations is also given.     

Zeros of univariate interval polynomials

Polynomials with perturbed coefficients, which can be regarded as interval polynomials, are very common in the area of scientific computing due to floating point operations in a computer environment. In this paper, the zeros of interval polynomials are investigated. We show that, for a degree n interval polynomial, the number of interval zeros is at most n and the number of complex block zeros is exactly n if multiplicities are counted. The boundaries of complex block zeros on a complex plane are analyzed. Numeric algorithms to bound interval zeros and complex block zeros are presented.     

The fractional chromatic number, the Hall ratio, and the lexicographic product

Let χ_f denote the fractional chromatic number and ρ the Hall ratio, and let the lexicographic product of G and H be denoted GlexH. Main results: (i) ρ(GlexH)≤χ_f(G)ρ(H); (ii) if ρ(G)=χ_f(G) then ρ(GlexH)=ρ(G)ρ(H) for all H; (iii) χ_f−ρ is unbounded. In addition, the question of how big χ_f/ρ can be is discussed.     

A test of location for exchangeable multivariate normal data with unknown correlation

We consider the problem of testing whether the common mean of a single n-vector of multivariate normal random variables with known variance and unknown common correlation ρ is zero. We derive the standardized likelihood ratio test for known ρ and explore different ways of proceeding with ρ unknown. We evaluate the performance of the standardized statistic where ρ is replaced with an estimate of ρ and determine the critical value c_n that controls the type I error rate for the least favorable ρ in [0,1]. The constant c_n increases with n and this procedure has pathological behavior if ρ depends on n and ρ_n converges to zero at a certain rate. As an alternate approach, we replace ρ with the upper limit of a (1−β_n) confidence interval chosen so that c_n=c for all n. We determine β_n so that the type I error rate is exactly controlled for all ρ in [0,1]. We also investigate a simpler approach where we bound the type I error rate. The former method performs well for all n while the less powerful bound method may be a useful in some settings as a simple approach. The proposed tests can be used in different applications, including within-cluster resampling and combining exchangeable p-values.     

The greatest possible lower type of entire functions of order ρ ∈ (0; 1) with zeros of fixed ρ-densities

For ρ ∈ (0, 1), we obtain the supremum of lower ρ-types of entire functions whose sequence of roots has given lower and upper densities for the order ρ.     

Binary relations and reduced hypergroups

Different partial hypergroupoids are associated with binary relations defined on a set H. In this paper we find sufficient and necessary conditions for these hypergroupoids in order to be reduced hypergroups. Given two binary relations ρ and σ on H we investigate when the hypergroups associated with the relations ρ∩σ, ρ∪σ and ρσ are reduced. We also determine when the cartesian product of two hypergroupoids associated with a binary relation is a reduced hypergroup.     

Lyapunov functions for trichotomies with growth rates

We consider linear equations x^′=A(t)x that may exhibit stable, unstable and central behaviors in different directions, with respect to arbitrary asymptotic rates ecρ(t) determined by a function ρ(t). For example, the usual exponential behavior with ρ(t)=t is included as a very special case, and when ρ(t)=logt we obtain a polynomial behavior. We emphasize that we also consider the general case of nonuniform exponential behavior, which corresponds to the existence of what we call a ρ-nonuniform exponential trichotomy. This is known to occur in a large class of nonautonomous linear equations. Our main objective is to give a complete characterization in terms of strict Lyapunov functions of the linear equations admitting a ρ-nonuniform exponential trichotomy. This includes criteria for the existence of a ρ-nonuniform exponential trichotomy, as well as inverse theorems providing explicit strict Lyapunov functions for each given exponential trichotomy. In the particular case of quadratic Lyapunov functions we show that the existence of strict Lyapunov sequences can be deduced from more algebraic relations between the quadratic forms defining the Lyapunov functions. As an application of the characterization of nonuniform exponential trichotomies in terms of strict Lyapunov functions, we establish the robustness of ρ-nonuniform exponential trichotomies under sufficiently small linear perturbations. We emphasize that in comparison with former works, our proof of the robustness is much simpler even when ρ(t)=t.     

Asymptotics of the zeros of degenerate hypergeometric functions

We find the asymptotics of the zeros of the degenerate hypergeometric function (the Kummer function) Φ(a, c; z) and indicate a method for numbering all of its zeros consistent with the asymptotics. This is done for the whole class of parameters a and c such that the set of zeros is infinite. As a corollary, we obtain the class of sine-type functions with unfamiliar asymptotics of their zeros. Also we prove a number of nonasymptotic properties of the zeros of the function Φ.