麝香草的新单萜配糖物的分离与合成

从麝香草(Thymus vulgaris L)的甲醇萃取物中分离出三个单萜配糖物. 用核磁共振光谱确定了它们的结构为对伞花-9-基-β-D-葡糖苷(1), 5-β-D-葡糖苷百里氢醌(2)和2-β-D-葡糖苷百里氢醌(3). 其中1是新化合物, 用以对伞花-9-醇为原料的对映体选择性合成方法确定了化合物1的8位的立体化学为R型.     

地奥心血康中的两个新甾体皂苷

通过正相和反相硅胶柱层析, 从地奥心血康药粉的正丁醇萃取物中分离纯化出2个微量的新甾体皂苷, 通过MS和NMR(包括HMQC, HMBC和NOESY)等波谱解析, 结合化学降解分析将其结构鉴定为3β,26-二醇-25(R)-Δ^5,20(22)-二烯-呋甾-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)和26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-3β,20α,26-三醇-25(R)-Δ^5,22-二烯-呋甾-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2).     

手性β-氨基醇催化α,β-不饱和酮的不对称环氧化反应

将以烯烃为原料通过Sharpless不对称双羟化等多步反应合成的8种手性β-氨基醇, 作为有机小分子催化剂, 用于催化α,β-不饱和酮的不对称环氧化反应．考察了影响对映选择性的催化剂结构、催化剂用量、氧化剂种类、溶剂、反应温度等因素．结果表明, 当催化剂用量为30 mol%、氧化剂为TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢)、正己烷溶剂、在室温下、以(1S,2R)-(＋)-1,2-二苯基-2-甲氨基乙醇(3)作催化剂时, 所得环氧化物的对映体过量最高为70% ee, 产率最高为84%.     

短柄雪胆中的三萜葫芦素及其皂苷

从短柄雪胆的块根中分离得到了14个三萜葫芦素类化合物. 经波谱分析及化学方法鉴定了它们的结构, 其中有新化合物5个, 分别命名为短柄雪胆苷A～E (1～5), 以及肉花雪胆苷元A (6), 藤三七雪胆苷R8 (7), 肉花雪胆苷I (8), 肉花雪胆苷II (9), 肉花雪胆苷III (10), 雪胆甲素(11), 雪胆乙素(12), 雪胆甲素苷(13), 藤三七雪胆苷R1 (14)等9个已知化合物. 6是首次从自然界中得到的化合物.     

New flavonoid glycosides and other chemical constituents from Clerodendrum phlomidis leaves: isolation and characterisation

Phytochemical investigation of the plant Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. F. (Lamiaceae) has now led to the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides (1, 2) together with six known compounds identified as pectolinaringenin (3), pectolinaringenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), 24β-ethylcholesta-5,22E,25-triene-3β-ol (5), 24β-ethylcholesta-5,22E,25-triene-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (7) and andrographolide (8) mainly by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 4 and 6–8 are reported for the first time from C. phlomidis.     

大叶橐吾中三个新的艾里莫芬型倍半萜

从大叶橐吾的根部分离得到三个新的艾里莫芬型倍半萜(1, 2和3), 经多种波谱方法和单晶X射线衍射确定它们的结构分别为: 6α,15β-环氧-8β-羟基-艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-8α,12-内酯(1), 7-乙酰基-13β-羧酸-6(7)-烯-降-艾里莫芬烷(2), 艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-6α,15β-内酯(3). 此外, 对化合物1进行了抗菌和抗癌活性测试.     

系列单取代烷氧基-2-羟丙基-β-环糊精的合成与表征

以环氧氯丙烷和脂肪醇为原料, 通过相转移催化法合成了乙基、正丙基、正丁基和正戊基缩水甘油醚(1～4), 并利用所合成的缩水甘油醚和β-环糊精为原料, 分别在弱碱水溶液(1.5%)和强碱水溶液(30%)中制备并用硅胶柱分离出单2位取代的乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基和戊氧基-2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(1a～4a)和单6位取代的丙氧基、丁氧基和戊氧基-2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(2b～4b), 利用薄层色谱、红外光谱、差热扫描量热分析、质谱和核磁共振等手段对所合成的产品进行了表征.     

Two new noroleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from the stems of Stauntonia chinensis

Two new noroleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, 3β,20α,24-trihydroxy-29-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid 24-O-β-L-fucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3β,20α,24-trihydroxy-29-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid 24-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from the stems of Stauntonia chinensis DC., together with three known compounds, brachyantheraoside B₂ (3), eupteleasaponin Ⅷ (4) and fargoside B (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against five human tumor cell lines (HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780). Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxic activities toward the tested cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 12.71 to 32.04 μM.     

A new triterpenoid saponin from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze

A new triterpene saponin, 3β,16β,23α,28β,30β-pentahydroxyl-olean-11,13(18)-dien-3β-yl-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-fucopyranoside, was named Clinoposaponin D (1), together with six known triterpene saponins, buddlejasaponin IVb (2), buddlejasaponin IVa (3), buddlejasaponin IV (4), clinopodisides D (5), 11α,16β,23,28-Tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-3β-yl-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (6) and prosaikogenin A (7), and two known triterpenes, saikogenin A (8) and saikogenin F (9) were isolated from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and MS analysis. Meanwhile, the effects of all compounds on rabbit platelet aggregation and thrombin time (TT) were investigated in vitro. Compounds 4 and 7 had significant promoting effects on platelet aggregation with EC₅₀ value at 53.4 and 12.2 μM, respectively. In addition, the highest concentration (200 μM) of compounds 2 and 9 shortened TT by 20.6 and 25.1%, respectively.     

A new diarylheptanoid and a new diarylheptanoid glycoside isolated from the roots of Juglans mandshurica and their anti-inflammatory activities

A new diarylheptanoid, (2S,3S,5S)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy- 3-methoxyphenyl)heptane (1), and a new diarylheptanoid glycoside, (2S,3S,5S)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane (2), together with three known compounds, rhoiptelol C (3), rhoiptelol B (4) and 3′,4″-epoxy-2-O-β-d-glucopyanosyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 7-(3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one (5) were isolated from the roots of Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were identified based on HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1–5 were assayed for their inhibitory effects on the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.     

Two new sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb

Two new sesquiterpenes, namely, 1β,10β-dihydroxy-eremophil-7(11), 8-dien-12,8-olide (1) and 8,12-epoxy-1β-hydroxyeudesm-3,7,11-trien-9-one (2), together with three known sesquiterpenoids, shizukolidol (3), 4α-hydroxy-5α(H)-8β-methoxy-eudesm-7(11)-en-12,8-olide (4), and neolitacumone B (5), and two known monoterpenes, (3R,4S,6R)-p-menth-1-en-3,6-diol (6) and (R)-p-menth-1-en-4,7-diol (7), were isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those of related known compounds. Compounds 4–7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

3-(4-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖苷-苯基)-4-芳基-5-芳基-1,2,4-噁二唑啉的合成及其镇静活性的研究

以豆腐果苷为原料, 与盐酸羟胺缩合反应生成4-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖苷-苯甲醛肟(2), 2与次氯酸叔丁酯发生取代反应生成4-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖苷-α-氯苯甲醛肟(3); 再将3与Schiff碱通过1,3-偶极环加成生成一系列3-(4-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖苷-苯基)-4-芳基-5-芳基-1,2,4-噁二唑啉(5a～5h). 3和 5a～5h共9个化合物均未见文献报道, 其结构经¹H NMR, IR和MS (HRMS)加以确认, 并对5a～5h进行了药理活性筛选. 结果表明, 部分化合物具有良好的镇静活性. 其中, 化合物5g (200, 100 mg•kg^－1)和5h (200, 100 mg•kg^－1)与豆腐果苷相比较具有更强的活性.     

A bioactive cycloartane triterpene from Garcinia hombroniana

The dichloromethane bark extract of Garcinia hombroniana yielded one new cycloartane triterpene; (22Z,24E)-3β-hydroxycycloart-14,22,24-trien-26-oic acid (1) together with five known compounds: garcihombronane G (2), garcihombronane J (3), 3β acetoxy-9α-hydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,24-dien-26-oic acid (4), (22Z, 24E)-3β, 9α-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,22,24-trien-26-oic acid (5) and 3β, 23α-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-8,14,24-trien-26-oic acid (6). Their structures were established by the spectral techniques of NMR and ESI-MS. These compounds together with some previously isolated compounds; garcihombronane B (7), garcihombronane D (8) 2,3’,4,5’-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxybenzophenone (9), volkensiflavone (10), 4’’-O-methyll-volkensiflavone (11), volkensiflavone-7-O-glucopyranoside (12), volkensiflavone-7-O-rhamnopyranoside (13), Morelloflavone (14), 3’’-O-methyl-morelloflavone (15) and morelloflavone-7-O-glucopyranoside (16) were evaluated for cholinesterase enzymes inhibitory activities using acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. In these activities, compounds 1–9 showed good dual inhibition on both the enzymes while compounds 10–16 did not reasonably contribute to both the cholinesterases inhibitory effects.     

Hepatoprotective phenylethanoid glycosides from Cirsium setosum

Two new phenylethanoid glycosides, namely β-D-glucopyranoside, 1″-O-(7S)-7-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxyethyl-3″-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4″-[(8E)-7-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-propenoate] (1) and β-D-glucopyranoside, 1″-O-(7S)-7-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxyethyl-3″-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4″-[(8E)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-propenoate] (2), together with six phenylethanoid glycosides were isolated from Cirsium setosum. Their structures were elucidated by their spectroscopic data and references. Compounds 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 (10 μM) exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities. Compounds (3–8) were obtained from this plant for the first time.     

Two new triterpenoid glycosides from the stems of Camellia oleifera Abel

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoid glycosides, 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22α-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-15α,16α,28-triol(1) and 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21β-acetyl-22α-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-16α,28-diol (2) were isolated from the stems of Camellia oleifera Abel. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–2 were evaluated against five human tumour cell lines (HCT-8, BGC-823, A5049, and A2780). Compounds 1–2 showed cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.15 to 7.32 μM.     

α-取代氨基氟代苯基膦酸酯衍生物的合成、晶体结构与抗癌活性

利用席夫碱与亚磷酸酯反应, 合成了新型O,O'-二烷基-α-(6-甲氧苯并噻唑-2-基氨基)-4-氟苯基膦酸酯化合物, 结构经元素分析, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和X单晶衍射确认. X单晶衍射测试结果表明: 化合物3d分子属于四面体晶系, 空间群I4(1)/a, a＝2.1055(3) nm, b＝2.1055(3) nm, c＝2.0521(5) nm, α＝90.00°, β＝90.00°, γ＝90.00°, V＝0.9098(3) nm³, Z＝16, D_c＝1.321 mg/m³, ＝0.250 mm^－1, F(000)＝3808. 化合物还存在着1个分子内氢键[N(2)—H(2)…O(1)]. 生物测定表明化合物3f在20 g/mL浓度下对PC3细胞的抑制率为84.3%.     

Crystal structures of the novel hydrated borates Ba2B5O9(OH), Sr2B5O9(OH) and Li2Sr8B22O41(OH)2

Three novel hydrated borates Ba₂B₅O₉(OH) (1), Sr₂B₅O₉(OH) (2) and Li₂Sr₈B₂₂O₄₁(OH)₂ (3) have been synthesized hydrothermally and their structures determined. Compounds (1) and (2) are isostructural, crystallizing in space group P2₁/c and having lattice parameters of a=6.6330(13) Å, b=8.6250(17) Å, c=14.680(3) Å, β=93.46(3)° and a=6.4970(13) Å, b=8.4180(17) Å, c=14.177(3) Å, β=94.35(3)°, respectively. Compound (3) crystallizes in P-1 with lattice parameters of a=6.4684(13) Å, b=8.4513(17) Å, c=14.881(3) Å, α=101.21(3)°, β=93.96(3)°, γ=90.67(3)°. While similar in their axis lengths, (3) differs greatly in structure and formulation from (1) and (2). The structure of (1) and (2) is contrasted to that of the well-known mineral hilgardite (Ca₂B₅O₉Cl·H₂O).     

Isolation,structural elucidation and cytotoxicity evaluation of a new pentahydroxy-pimarane diterpenoid along with other chemical constituents from Aerva lanata

Aervalanata possesses various useful medicinal and pharmaceutical activities. Phytochemical investigation of the plant has now led to the isolation of a new 2α,3α,15,16,19-pentahydroxy pimar-8(14)-ene diterpenoid (1) together with 12 other known compounds identified as β-sitosterol (2), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (3), canthin-6-one (4), 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one (aervine, 5), 10-methoxycanthin-6-one (methylaervine, 6), β-carboline-1-propionic acid (7), 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxylpalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol (8), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-8(Z)-octadene-1,3,4-triol (9), (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (10), 6′-O-(4″-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (tribuloside, 11), 3-cinnamoyltribuloside (12) and sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (13). Among these, six compounds (8–13) are reported for the first time from this plant. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the compounds against five cancer cell lines (CHO, HepG2, HeLa, A-431 and MCF-7) shows promising IC₅₀ values for compounds 4, 6 and 12.     

Antimicrobial and allelopathic metabolites produced by Penicillium brasilianum

Six known compounds, isoroquefortine C (1), griseofulvin (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), 3β-hydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (4), cerevisterol (5) and (22E,24R)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (6), were produced by the fungus Penicillium brasilianum, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report on isoroquefortine C as naturally occurring compound. Their bioactivities against five phytopathogenic fungi (Gibeberalla saubinetti, Fusarium solani, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria solani) and four pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus cereus), as well as allelopathic activities on Raphanus sativus were tested. Compound 1 exhibited a remarkable antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μM against C. gloeosporioides, in comparison with positive control hymexazol (MIC 25 μM). Compound 2 displayed strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. solani and S. aureus with MIC of 3.13 μM for each. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed a significant growth-inhibition activity on R. sativus.     

α,β,γ,δ-四-{4-[3-(9-(4-(3-(9-(4-(2-(5,5-二酰氧基甲基-1,3-二噁烷基))))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基)))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5] 十一烷基]}苯基卟啉星形化合物的合成

以对苯二甲醛、丙二腈、季戊四醇和吡咯为原料, 合成了含有螺环结构单元的中间体3-[4-(2,2-二氰基)乙烯基]苯基-9-(4-甲酰基)苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷(3)和α,β,γ,δ-四-(4-甲酰基苯基)卟啉(4). 4与过量的季戊四醇反应, 得到α,β,γ,δ-四-{4-[2-(5,5-二羟甲基-1,3-二噁烷基)]}苯基卟啉(5), 5与3的反应产物经10% NaOH 处理后, 再与过量的季戊四醇反应, 得到α,β,γ,δ-四-{4-[3-(9-(4-(3-(9-(4-(2-(5,5-二羟甲基-1,3-二噁烷基))))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基)))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基]}苯基卟啉(6), 6与乙酐、丙酐、苯甲酰氯反应, 得到α,β,γ,δ-四-{4-[3-(9-(4-(3- (9-(4-(2-(5,5-二乙酰氧基甲基-1,3-二噁烷基))))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基)))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基]}苯基卟啉(7), α,β,γ,δ-四-{4-[3-(9-(4-(3-(9-(4-(2-(5,5-二丙酰氧基甲基-1,3-二噁烷基))))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基)))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基]}苯基卟啉(8)和α,β,γ,δ-四-{4-[3-(9-(4-(3-(9-(4-(2-(5,5-二苯甲酰氧基甲基-1,3-二噁烷基))))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基)))苯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷基]}苯基卟啉(9)等三种卟啉星形化合物. 中间体1～6和星形化合物7～9均进行了IR, ¹H NMR, MS和元素分析等结构表征. 对影响反应的诸因素进行了讨论.