不同碳硅比稻壳对原位制备多孔Si3N4陶瓷的影响

以不同C/SiO2的碳化稻壳为硅源、碳源和成孔剂,添加α-Si3N4和少量烧结助剂,利用碳热还原氮化法原位制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷,研究了不同C/SiO2和烧结温度对多孔陶瓷相组成、显气孔率、抗弯强度和微观结构等性能的影响.结果表明:当选用碳化稻壳C/SiO2(质量比)为0.5和0.7时,在1450 ～ 1500℃的试样中有α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4,在1550℃的试样中只有β-Si3N4.C/SiO2为0.7、1450～1550℃下制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷,其气孔率为52.53; ～38.48;,抗弯强度为44.07～83.40MPa;1550℃制备的多孔β-Si3N4陶瓷中孔隙分布均匀,孔径约为2μm,β-Si3N4呈团簇状生长,长径比约为6～8.     

烧结助剂及β-Si3N4添加量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷性能的影响

通过添加不同烧结助剂(Lu2O3、Y2O3和Al2O3)及β-Si3N4粉末含量,采用常压烧结工艺制备出性能优异的多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究了烧结助剂种类及β-Si3N4添加量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷物相、微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当Lu2O3添加量为5 wt;、β-Si3N4为3 wt;时,制备了由长柱状β-Si3N4晶粒组成、平均长径比为6.87、直径为0.6μm长度为4.4～10.4 μm的多孔氮化硅陶瓷,其抗弯强度可达330.7 MPa.β-Si3N4添加量至5 wt;时,柱状晶粒发育良好,长径比增加至7以上,气孔率高达48;,但抗弯强度下降.     

以β-Si3N4为晶种多孔氮化硅陶瓷的制备

以β-Si3N4为晶种、α-Si3N4为原料、Mgo-Al2O3-SiO2体系为烧结助剂,制备了气孔率约为30;的多孔氮化硅陶瓷,研究了β-Si3N4晶种添加量对其物相、微观形貌和弯曲强度的影响.结果表明,加入β-Si3N4晶种能有效地促进α-Si3N4转化为β-Si3N4,经1580℃烧结的氮化硅陶瓷中出现了明显的长柱状晶粒,随着晶种添加量的增加,柱状晶的长径比逐渐增大,且柱状晶的产生可提高材料的强度.     

冰模板法制备反应结合多孔Si3N4/SiC复相陶瓷

以微米级SiC和Si粉为原料,采用冰模板法和氮化反应烧结法制备了孔道中修饰α-Si3N4、Si2N2O纳米线的β-Si3N4结合多孔SiC复相陶瓷.研究了反应烧结温度、SiC/Si比和固相含量对多孔陶瓷的物相结构、形貌、孔分布和压缩强度的影响.结果表明:多孔陶瓷具有层状定向通孔结构,孔隙率介于50; ～ 70;之间,孔径分布呈现双峰分布特点;当烧结温度达到1350℃以上时,在层状孔道中交织形成α-Si3N4和Si2N2O纳米线的网络结构.反应温度超过1450℃时,通过液态Si的氮化反应原位形成β-Si3N4结合相将SiC颗粒粘结起来;当浆料中Si含量由16wt;增加至33wt;时,多孔陶瓷的开气孔率从69.78;降至62.64;,而压缩强度由2.2 MPa提高到8.73 MPa;随着浆料固相体积含量从25;增加到45;,多孔陶瓷的气孔率从71.81;降至54.85;,同时压缩强度从4.99 MPa提高到24.16 MPa.     

多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微观结构、力学性能和气体透气性的研究

本研究中,以石油焦为造孔剂、Y2O3-Al2O3为烧结助剂,通过注浆成型制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究石油焦的加入量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷微观结构、力学性能及气体透气性的影响.结果表明:多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微孔是由长棒状的β-Si3N4晶粒互相搭接而成,大孔是由石油焦燃烧而成.随着石油焦加入量的增加,气孔率及达西渗透系数(μ)增大,但试样的抗弯强度降低.在起始α-Si3N4粉末中添加10wt;～50wt;石油焦、5wt; Y2O3-3wt;Al2O3 1800℃下保温2h制备出气孔率为37.08;～59.40;、抗弯强度为52.00～154.27 MPa、μ值为(3.04 ～6.87)×10-13m2的多孔氮化硅陶瓷.     

淀粉固化法制备堇青石多孔陶瓷

以合成堇青石粉体为原料,以未改性的食用土豆淀粉为固化剂和造孔剂,利用淀粉固化成型工艺成功制备了堇青石多孔陶瓷,并研究了淀粉的添加量与浆料前驱体的粘度、多孔陶瓷的显气孔率、孔径分布及显微结构间的关系.实验结果表明:随着淀粉含量(10wt;～40wt;)的增加,浆料前驱体的粘度先略有增大后显著降低,多孔陶瓷的显气孔率显著增加,而气孔平均孔径明显减小.     

凝胶注模法制备吸声多孔陶瓷及其性能研究

以普通建筑陶瓷坯料为原料、天然植物胶为凝胶剂,通过凝胶注模工艺研制了吸声多孔陶瓷.研究了多孔陶瓷的显微结构以及多孔陶瓷的显气孔率、孔径和厚度对吸声性能的影响.结果表明:延长浆料搅拌时间可提高试样的显气孔率,而较大的显气孔率使吸声曲线的吸声峰向高频方向偏移,吸声峰值呈现先增加后降低的趋势;适当增加浆料固含量可减小孔径,孔径变小导致试样吸声峰向低频方向缓慢偏移,吸声峰值提高;增加厚度有利于试样吸声峰向低频方向偏移,而不同频率范围内吸声系数变化趋势不同.     

高热导率Si3N4陶瓷的高压合成及性能研究

在高温高压条件下(HPHT,4 ～5 GPa,1430 ～1530℃),采用高压烧结技术,利用Y2O3、MgO作为烧结助剂,通过和不同质量配比的氮化硅(a-Si3N4,β-Si3N4)粉体复合,制备了具有高热导率和高致密性的Si3N4陶瓷.本实验采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱EDS、热导率测定仪、维氏硬度计对样品进行了分析和表征,研究了压强、烧结温度、保温时间对热导率和致密性的影响.结果 表明:超高压条件有效降低了烧结温度,缩短了烧结时间.当烧结条件在5 GPa,1490℃,1h时,其硬度为16.5 GPa,此时β-Si3N4复合陶瓷的致密化最优,气孔率(0.26;)和晶格缺陷显著改善.研究发现适当的延长烧结时间可以促进晶粒正常长大,同时产生较高的热导率,最高可达到64.6W/(m· K).     

Yb2O3-Al2O3烧结助剂对气压烧结氮化硅陶瓷性能的影响

以Yb2O3-Al2O3体系为烧结助剂,采用气压烧结法制备了氮化硅陶瓷.研究了烧结温度对气压烧结氮化硅陶瓷的致密度、失重率、物相、力学性能与显微结构的影响及材料的烧结机理.结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,氮化硅的致密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和硬度均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而失重率呈现一直升高的趋势;当烧结温度为1780℃、烧结气压为6 MPa时,所得氮化硅烧结体的体积密度(3.31 g·cm-3)、抗弯强度(967.2)、断裂韧性(8.9 MPa·m1/2)和硬度(17.1 GPa)达最大值,晶粒以长柱状的β相为主;烧结温度高于或等于1700℃时,材料中的α相可完全转化为β相,β-Si3 N4晶粒的平均长径比达12.31.     

冷冻干燥法结合淀粉固化制备莫来石多孔陶瓷

以高岭土、氢氧化铝为原料,淀粉为造孔剂和粘结剂,Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用冷冻干燥法结合淀粉固化工艺制备了具有连通开孔结构的莫来石多孔陶瓷.研究了淀粉添加量对浆料前驱体的流变性能、多孔陶瓷的气孔率、孔径分布、显微结构以及力学性能的影响.结果表明:当淀粉含量由15.84vol;增至20.59vol;,浆料前驱体的粘度增加明显;随着剪切速率的增加,浆料前驱体的粘度先显著降低然后趋于稳定,表现为剪切稀化行为.随着淀粉含量的增加,所得多孔陶瓷的孔径尺寸减小,孔径分布趋于均匀,从双峰分布向单峰变化,孔隙率缓慢增加,维持在61.5;～66.2;范围内,当淀粉含量增加到15.84vol;时,抗压强度达到最高值9.5 MPa,孔隙率也达到65.7;.但当淀粉含量进一步增加后,抗压强度有下降的趋势.     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.