新形势下高等数学分级教学模式的探索

突破以前按照不同专业分层次教学的模式,根据学生不同的学习目的,采用一种新的分级教学模式,针对相同专业学生不同的学习要求,给予不同层次的培养.通过对教育观念的新认识和培养目标的再确定,在高等数学的课程体系,课程内容,教学方法,教学手段等方面进行改革和调整,因材施教,使各层次的学生真正受益,提高整体教学质量,也使基础课教育更有针对性.     

A Game Theoretical Multiple Resource Interaction Approach to Resource Allocation in an Air Campaign

In this paper we propose a multiple resource interaction model in a game-theoretical framework to solve resource allocation problems in theater level military campaigns. An air raid campaign using SEAD aircraft and bombers against an enemy target defended by air defense units is considered as the basic platform. Conditions for the existence of saddle point in pure strategies is proved and explicit feedback strategies are obtained for a simplified model with linear attrition function limited by resource availability. An illustrative example demonstrates the key features.     

An Operational Research Approach to Allocation of Clients to a Certain Class of Service Institutions

A model is developed to explain the allocation of clients to different locations of a certain class of service institutions. It can be used for all types of allocation-problems which have the features: clients are travelling from their home locations to the service places. They can choose among several locations of the institution all of which offer the same services. The clients need constant travelling times or costs, and they cause different waiting times or costs at each location, which are a function of the number of clients choosing that service station. The objective of the individual client is to minimize the total time or cost required.Since exact alogrithms cannot be used because of the large number of variables and the non-linearity of the problem, a special approximation algorithm is developed.The paper presents the results of a study concerning the allocation of cars, which must periodically be checked for traffic safety at official test stations.     

A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to Optimize Hierarchical Recurrent Fuzzy Systems

To simplify the definition of fuzzy systems or to reduce its complexity hierarchical structures can be used. Thus, more transparent rule bases that are also easier to maintain can be designed. Furthermore, it is sometimes necessary to use time delayed input or to reuse time delayed output from the fuzzy system itself to obtain a rule base that describes the analyzed problem appropriately. This leads to hierarchical recurrent architectures that have increased approximation capabilities since they are able to store information of the past. In this article we present a neuro-fuzzy model that can be used to optimize hierarchical recurrent fuzzy rule bases if training data is available. Furthermore, we present an approach to learn initial rule bases from data using rule templates.     

资源公平分配的一种贪婪算法

对资源公平分配模型提出了一种简单的贪婪算法,在一定条件下可得到全局最优解且在相当多的情况下所得解都为最优解。该方法效率极高,编程简单,计算量很小,从大量模拟情况来看相当有效。     

产品回收逆向物流网络设计问题的两阶段启发式算法

针对产品回收逆向物流网络设计问题,设计了一种嵌套了模拟退火算法的两阶段启发式算法。第一阶段确定回收点的选址-分配-存储的联合决策;第二阶段确定回收中心的选址-运输的联合决策,两个阶段相互迭代,从而实现最优解的搜索。通过与遗传算法比较,证明了两阶段启发式算法是一种有效的算法。     

分层变分包含问题中经由分层不动点途径的黏性方法

基于一原创技术—指标选取法,以黏性法分层逼近可数族非线性映射之公共不动点.并于适当条件下得一强收敛定理,用以解决Hilbert空间背景下之分层变分包含问题.     

A Robust Genetic Algorithm for Resource Allocation in Project Scheduling

Genetic algorithms have been applied to many different optimization problems and they are one of the most promising metaheuristics. However, there are few published studies concerning the design of efficient genetic algorithms for resource allocation in project scheduling. In this work we present a robust genetic algorithm for the single-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem. We propose a new representation for the solutions, based on the standard activity list representation and develop new crossover techniques with good performance in a wide sample of projects. Through an extensive computational experiment, using standard sets of project instances, we evaluate our genetic algorithm and demonstrate that our approach outperforms the best algorithms appearing in the literature.     

优化分配水资源

水资源危机使得合理分配和利用水资源非常重要.本文给出了干旱缺水时,如何把有限的水资源在社会各个行业部门之间进行优化分配的模型,以获得最大的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益.     

Resource Allocation to Minimize Delay in a Dual-Purpose Service Facility

This paper considers in a deterministic way the problem of dividing a general set of service stations into two groups in order to satisfy two types of service at minimum delay to the customers. The optimum decision depends on the combined effect of initial queue lengths and arrival rates relative to available service capacity. Various conditions are considered and a model is employed to derive theoretical results for optimization in each case.     

On Resource Allocation in Project Networks

The problem of scheduling activities so as to minimize project duration in the presence of resource constraints is considered. A branch and bound algorithm is described and some limited computational experience is reported.     

项目多技能人力资源指派与调度混合算法

研究多技能人力资源在项目活动上的指派与调度问题.首先,从问题特点出发,把原始问题分解为指派问题子模型和调度问题子模型.然后,对项目活动间的重叠关系进行识别,将其转化为对指派问题的有效约束,构建数学规划与约束规划相结合的混合算法对问题求解,并采用CPLEX编程实现.研究表明,算法可有效缩减指派问题的可行域,快速地找到问题的近优解,从而提高多技能人力资源的使用效率,是求解项目多技能人力资源指派与调度问题的一个有效方法.     

A Mixed-Integer Goal-Programming Formulation of the Standard Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem

Until recently, the majority of models used to find an optimal sequence for the standard flow-shop problem were based on a single objective, typically makespan. In many applications, the practitioner may also want to consider other criteria simultaneously, such as mean flow-time or throughput time. As makespan and flow-time are equivalent criteria for optimizing machine idle-time and job idle-time, respectively, these additional criteria could be inherently considered as well. The effect of job idle-time, measuring in-process inventory, could be of particular importance.This paper presents an extension of an earlier model developed by the authors, formulating the generalized N job, M machine standard flow-shop problem as a mixed-integer goal-programming model. The formulation was empirically tested through a comparison of the generated optimal solutions to their mathematically derived counterparts. For this, a special flow-shop problem with certain permutation properties was selected. In addition, a randomly chosen problem was solved to show the general applicability of the derived formulation.The model allows the incorporation of the makespan as well as the mean flow-time criteria, instead of optimization being based on a single objective.     

Two Approaches to Problems of Resource Allocation Among Project Activities — A Comparative Study

The paper deals with a class of problems of resource allocation among project activities, where the resource requirements of each activity concern numbers of resource units from given finite sets for particular resource types. Three categories of constrained resources are considered in a general model: renewable (only total usage at every moment is constrained), non-renewable (only total consumption over the period of project duration is constrained) and doubly-constrained (both usage and consumption are constrained). For every feasible combination of resource amounts, the performing time of each activity is known. Time and cost criteria are considered for project performance evaluation. For solving these problems, two general approaches using linear programming in specific ways are described. These approaches are different in nature, the difference being reflected in the range of problems solved by them and in their computational properties. This is shown by an extensive comparison of both approaches. This comparison also characterizes the state-of-the-art across the problems and points out desirable directions for further research.     

基于DEA的江苏高等院校规模有效性分析

综合运用数据包络分析DEA模型对江苏省22所本科院校的总体有效性、技术有效性、规模有效性以及规模报酬进行分析,分析影响效率有效性的因素,得到各高校的效率状况.     

Resource Analysis in Project Evaluation: A Multicriteria Approach

In this paper we develop and demonstrate the application of a goal programming model. It is designed to assist top management in incorporating organizational goals when allocating funds to competing projects. Investment decisions, however, normally involve several, often conflicting goals. The fact that some of these goals cannot be measured in dollars or other scales further complicates the problem. Among the many proposed methodologies of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM), goal programming (GP) is perhaps the most popular and widely used. It provides optimal solutions; however, it has a major drawback: the decision-maker must specify the goals and priorities a priori. To overcome this problem, we suggest the Delphi method, a systematic procedure to obtain a consensus from a group of participants. It is conducted prior to GP to (1) identify the goals, (2) determine priorities among the goals, and (3) establish a target level for each goal. To test the practicality and extent of applicability, the proposed model is directly applied to evaluate rural road projects of the Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), US Department of Interior.     

Optimal Asset Allocation: A Worst Scenario Expectation Approach

Mean-variance criterion has long been the main stream approach in the optimal portfolio theory. The investors try to balance the risk and the return on their portfolio. In this paper, the deviation of the asset return from the investor’s expectation in the worst scenario is used as the measure of risk for portfolio selection. One important advantage of this approach is that the investors can base on their own knowledge, information, and preference on various risks, in addition to the asset’s volatility, to adjust their exposure to various risks. It also pinpoints one main concern of the investors when they invest, the amount they lose in the worst situation.     

The Impact of Teaching on Hospital Costs: A Budgetary Approach to Non-market Institutions

NHS hospitals contribute to medical education, training nurses and research, as well as to the care of patients. In the past they have been funded largely on the basis of resources employed, with additional funding for medical education and training nurses. The intellectual basis for the funding of medical education is a single econometric study of English hospitals in the financial year 1969-70. The methodology used has since been criticized, and it has been suggested that actual expenditure has been very much less than that earmarked by the health departments. New estimates are obtained using Scottish data for the financial year 1985-86. The method used is to proceed in a two-stage fashion, identifying via regression techniques variables measuring hospital activity and resources which contribute significantly to hospital costs. We then assess the significance of medical education, nurse training and hospitals' teaching status against this background. Our conclusions include: (1) actual expenditure on medical education was probably less than the funding formula allowed, but the error of margin is too large to suggest overfunding; (2) training nurses incurs significant financial costs, even after the explicit allowances made; and (3), major teaching hospitals tended to cost more, but not significantly more than their non-teaching counterparts. These financial implications for NHS hospitals should be borne in mind given the current NHS review.