Quenching of I(2P1/2) by NO2, N2O4, and N2O

Quenching of excited iodine atoms (I(5p5, 2P1/2)) by nitrogen oxides are processes of relevance to discharge-driven oxygen iodine lasers. Rate constants at ambient and elevated temperatures (293-380 K) for quenching of I(2P1/2) atoms by NO2, N2O4, and N2O have been measured using time-resolved I(2P1/2) --> I(2P3/2) 1315 nm emission. The excited atoms were generated by pulsed laser photodissociation of CF3I at 248 nm. The rate constants for I(2P1/2) quenching by NO2 and N2O were found to be independent of temperature over the range examined with average values of (2.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(-15) and (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(-15) cm3 s(-1), respectively. The rate constant for quenching of I(2P1/2) by N2O4 was found to be (3.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-13) cm3 s(-1) at ambient temperature.     

A theoretical and experimental study of Sb4O6: vibrational analysis, infrared, and Raman spectra

The first ab initio theoretical study of tetraantimony hexoxide (Sb4O6) is reported. The normal mode frequencies, intensities, and the corresponding vibrational assignments of Sb4O6 in T(d) symmetry were calculated using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes at the Hartree-Fock (HF)/CEP-121G, M?ller-Plesset (MP2)/CEP-121G, and density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP/CEP-121G levels of theory. By comparison to experimental data deduced by our laboratory and others, correction factors for the calculated vibrational frequencies were determined and compared. Normal modes were decomposed into three non-redundant motions (Sb-O-Sb stretch, Sb-O-Sb bend, and Sb-O-Sb wag). Percent relative errors found for the HF, DFT, and MP2 corrected frequencies when compared to experiment are 5.8, 6.1, and 5.7 cm(-1), respectively. Electron distributions for selected molecular orbitals are also considered.     

A theoretical study of P4O10: vibrational analysis, infrared and Raman spectra

The normal mode frequencies and the corresponding vibrational assignments of tetraphosphorus decaoxide (P4O10) in tetrahedral (Td) symmetry are examined theoretically and experimentally. The Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes at the HF/6-311G*, MP2/6-311G*, and DFT/B3LYP/6-311G* levels of theory are used. By comparison to experimental normal mode frequencies deduced by Gilliam et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 2892], Chapman [Spectrochim. Acta A, 24 (1968) 1687], Beattie et al. [J. Chem. Soc. A (1970) 449], Konings et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 152 (1992) 29] and the present work, correction factors for predominant vibrational motions are determined and compared. Normal modes were decomposed into five non-redundant motions (P-O stretch, P=O stretch, P-O-P bend, P-O-P wag, and P=O wag). Standard deviations found for the HF, MP2, and DFT corrected frequencies compared to experiment are 9, 5, and 4 cm(-1), respectively. Electron distribution for selected molecular orbitals is considered.     

Low-energy impact of X-(H2O)n (X = Cl,I) onto solid surface

We investigated dissociation of X-(H2O)n (X = Cl, I, n = 13-31) by the impact onto a (La0.7Ce0.3)B6(100) surface at a collision energy Ecol of 1-5 eV per water molecule in a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a translation-energy analyzer. The mechanism of the dissociation was elucidated on the basis of the measurements of the mass spectrum and the translational energies of the product anions, X-(H2O)m (m = 0-4), scattered from the surface. It was concluded that (1) the parent cluster anion impacted on the surface undergoes dissociation on the surface under quasiequilibrium with its characteristic time varying with Ecol and n, and (2) the total collision energy introduced is partitioned preferentially to the translational motions of the products on the surface and to the rotational, the vibrational, and the lattice vibrational motions (surface) in this order. The quasiequilibrium model is applicable, even at the collision energy as low as 1 eV, because the translational modes are found to be statistically distributed while the other modes are not much populated by dynamical and energetics limitation.     

Infrared-induced reactivity of N2O on small gas-phase rhodium clusters

Far- and mid-infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy has been employed to study both the structure and surface reactivity of isolated cationic rhodium clusters with surface-adsorbed nitrous oxide, Rh(n)N(2)O(+) (n = 4-8). Comparison of experimental spectra recorded using the argon atom tagging method with those calculated using density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the nitrous oxide is molecularly bound on the rhodium cluster via the terminal N-atom. Binding is thought to occur exclusively on atop sites with the rhodium clusters adopting close-packed structures. In related, but conceptually different experiments, infrared pumping of the vibrational modes corresponding with the normal modes of the adsorbed N(2)O has been observed to result in the decomposition of the N(2)O moiety and the production of oxide clusters. This cluster surface chemistry is observed for all cluster sizes studied except for n = 5. Plausible N(2)O decomposition mechanisms are given based on DFT calculations using exchange-correlation functionals. Similar experiments pumping the Rh-O stretch in Rh(n)ON(2)O(+) complexes, on which the same chemistry is observed, confirm the thermal nature of this reaction.     

Raman spectra of vibrational and librational modes in methane clathrate hydrates using density functional theory

The sI type methane clathrate hydrate lattice is formed during the process of nucleation where methane gas molecules are encapsulated in the form of dodecahedron (5(12)CH(4)) and tetrakaidecahedron (5(12)6(2)CH(4)) water cages. The characterization of change in the vibrational modes which occur on the encapsulation of CH(4) in these cages plays a key role in understanding the formation of these cages and subsequent growth to form the hydrate lattice. In this present work, we have chosen the density functional theory (DFT) using the dispersion corrected B97-D functional to characterize the Raman frequency vibrational modes of CH(4) and surrounding water molecules in these cages. The symmetric and asymmetric C-H stretch in the 5(12)CH(4) cage is found to shift to higher frequency due to dispersion interaction of the encapsulated CH(4) molecule with the water molecules of the cages. However, the symmetric and asymmetric O-H stretch of water molecules in 5(12)CH(4) and 5(12)6(2)CH(4) cages are shifted towards lower frequency due to hydrogen bonding, and interactions with the encapsulated CH(4) molecules. The CH(4) bending modes in the 5(12)CH(4) and 5(12)6(2)CH(4) cages are blueshifted, though the magnitude of the shifts is lower compared to modes in the high frequency region which suggests bending modes are less affected on encapsulation of CH(4). The low frequency librational modes which are collective motion of the water molecules and CH(4) in these cages show a broad range of frequencies which suggests that these modes largely contribute to the formation of the hydrate lattice.     

Quantum chemical calculations on a selection of iodine-containing species (IO, OIO, INO3, (IO)2, I2O3, I2O4 and I2O5) of importance in the atmosphere

The electronic and geometric structures of the title complexes are studied quantum chemically using ab initio and density functional approaches. Coupled cluster calculations at the scalar relativistic (basis set) level are performed, and the results are corrected for spin-orbit coupling using data from relativistic density functional theory studies. The heats of formation (kJ mol(-1)) at 298 K are found to be: IO3 147.8, INO3 33.1, OIO 110.1, I2O3 64.0, I2O4 111.3, I2O5 33.0, IOIO 141.3, IOOI 179.9 and OI(I)O 157.9. These data are used to draw a number of conclusions regarding three important aspects of iodine chemistry in the marine boundary layer. (i) Although the IO self reaction produces the asymmetric dimer, IOIO, it is unlikely that this species plays a further role in the atmosphere as it is short-lived. (ii) INO3 is sufficiently stable to explain the kinetics of the recombination reaction between IO and NO2, and the reaction between I2 and NO3 to produce I + INO3 is almost certainly the major source of iodine oxides at night. (iii) The higher iodine oxides I2O3 and I2O5 are very stable molecules, by contrast to the OIO dimer, I2O4, which is much less stable but which should still survive long enough in the marine boundary layer to provide a building block for iodine oxide particle formation.     

Infrared, Raman, and inelastic neutron scattering spectra of dodecahedrane: an I(h) molecule in T(h) site symmetry

The Raman spectrum of crystalline dodecahedrane, C20H20, a species of nominal I(h) symmetry, exhibits splitting of the H(g) Raman active modes. The Raman inactive gerade vibrations of G(g), T(1g), and T(2g) symmetry are found to have weak Raman activity. The IR forbidden vibrations of T(2u), G(u), and H(u) type have moderate IR activity. All of this is consistent with the T(h) site symmetry. A treatment of the structure and vibrations of dodecahedrane using a periodic lattice DFT method results in a slightly distorted T(h) structure with six C-C bonds that are 0.001 A longer than the other 24. The vibrational spectrum computed for this structure exhibits splittings of the H(g) modes that are consistent with the observed spectra, but the computed splittings are larger than observed in room-temperature data. A complex pattern observed in the C-H stretching region is assigned. The inelastic neutron scattering spectrum calculated from the computed normal modes for the T(h) molecule in the lattice agrees quantitatively with experiment when overtone and combination transitions are included and allowance is made for anharmonicity of the C-H stretch motion. Finally, it is argued that the existing crystallographic determination of the average C-C bond length of 1.544 A is shortened by disorder and should be revised upward to agree with the computed value of 1.558 A.     

Structure, energy, and IR spectra of I2*-.nH2O clusters (n=1-8): a theoretical study

The authors report theoretical results on structure, bonding, energy, and infrared spectra of iodine dimer radical anion hydrated clusters, I(2) (-).nH(2)O (n=1-8), based on a systematic study following density functional theory. Several initial guess structures are considered for each size cluster to locate minimum energy conformers with a Gaussian 6-311++G(d,p) split valence basis function (triple split valence 6-311 basis set is applied for iodine). It is observed that three different types of hydrogen bonded structures, namely, symmetrical double hydrogen bonding, single hydrogen bonding, and interwater hydrogen bonding structures, are possible in these hydrated clusters. But conformers having interwater hydrogen bonding arrangements are more stable compared to those of double or single hydrogen bonded structures. It is also noticed that up to four solvent H(2)O units can reside around the solute in interwater hydrogen bonding network. At the maximum six H(2)O units are independently linked to the dimer anion having four double hydrogen bonding and two single hydrogen bonding, suggesting the hydration number of I(2) (-) to be 6. However, conformers having H(2)O units independently linked to the iodine dimer anion are not the most stable structures. In all these hydrated clusters, the odd electron is found to be localized over two I atoms and the two atoms are bound by a three-electron hemi bond. The solvation, interaction, and vertical detachment energies are calculated for all I(2) (-).nH(2)O clusters. Energy of interaction and vertical detachment energy profiles show stepwise saturation, indicating geometrical shell closing in the hydrated clusters, but solvation energy profile fails to show such behavior. A linear correlation is observed between the calculated energy of interaction and vertical detachment energy. It is observed that formation of I(2) (-)-water cluster induces significant shifts from the normal O-H stretching modes of isolated H(2)O. However, bending mode of H(2)O remains insensitive to the successive addition of solvent H(2)O units. Weighted average energy profiles and IR spectra are reported for all the hydrated clusters based on the statistical population of individual conformers at room temperature.     

Density functional theory and Hartree-Fock studies: geometry, vibrational frequencies and electronic properties of Anderson-type heteropolyanion, [XM6O24]n- (X=TeVI, IVII and M=Mo, W) and [SbVW6O24]7-

The geometry, IR and Raman spectra and electronic properties of Anderson-type heteropolyanions with main-group high oxidation state heteroatom, [Te(VI)Mo(6)O(24)](6-), [I(VII)Mo(6)O(24)](5-), [Sb(V)W(6)O(24)](7-), [Te(VI)W(6)O(24)](6-) and [I(VII)W(6)O(24)](5-) have been investigated using Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. HF method has good results in geometry parameters but poorer than DFT method in the results of vibrational frequencies. Also we have investigated the effect of LanL2DZ augmented in the vibrational frequencies. With attention to relative charge and size of the cavity occupied by XO(6) subunit in these anions, we suggest that the general formula [XO(6)(n-)@M(6)O(18)] to describe electronic properties of these anions.     

Vibrational spectroscopy of (SO4(2-)).(H2O)n clusters, n=1-5: harmonic and anharmonic calculations and experiment

The vibrational spectroscopy of (SO4(2-)).(H2O)n is studied by theoretical calculations for n=1-5, and the results are compared with experiments for n=3-5. The calculations use both ab initio MP2 and DFT/B3LYP potential energy surfaces. Both harmonic and anharmonic calculations are reported, the latter with the CC-VSCF method. The main findings are the following: (1) With one exception (H2O bending mode), the anharmonicity of the observed transitions, all in the experimental window of 540-1850 cm(-1), is negligible. The computed anharmonic coupling suggests that intramolecular vibrational redistribution does not play any role for the observed linewidths. (2) Comparison with experiment at the harmonic level of computed fundamental frequencies indicates that MP2 is significantly more accurate than DFT/B3LYP for these systems. (3) Strong anharmonic effects are, however, calculated for numerous transitions of these systems, which are outside the present observation window. These include fundamentals as well as combination modes. (4) Combination modes for the n=1 and n=2 clusters are computed. Several relatively strong combination transitions are predicted. These show strong anharmonic effects. (5) An interesting effect of the zero point energy (ZPE) on structure is found for (SO4(2-)).(H2O)(5): The global minimum of the potential energy corresponds to a C(s) structure, but with incorporation of ZPE the lowest energy structure is C2v, in accordance with experiment. (6) No stable structures were found for (OH-).(HSO4-).(H2O)n, for n相似文献   

Versatility of heterocyclic thioamides in the construction of a trinuclear cluster [Cu3I3(dppe)3 (SC5H4NH)] and Cu(I) linear polymers {Cu6(SC5H4NH)6I6}n x 2nCH3CN and {Cu(I)6 (SC3H6N2)6X6}n (X = Br, I)

Reaction of copper(I) iodide with pyridine-2-thione (2-SC5H4NH) and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) in a CH3CN-CHCl3 mixture yielded a triangular cluster, [Cu3I3(mu2-P,P-dppe)3 (eta1-SC5H4NH)], 1. Similar reaction with 2-SC5H4NH and a series of diphosphanes, Ph2P-X-Ph2P {X = -CH2- (dppm), -(CH2)3- (dppp), -(CH2)4- (dppb), -CH=CH- (dppen)}, gave a novel iodo-bridged hexanuclear Cu(I) linear polymer,{Cu6(mu3-SC5H4NH)4 (mu2-SC5H4NH)2 (I4)(mu-I)2-}n x 2nCH3CN, 2. Reactions of copper(I) iodide/copper(I) bromide with 1,3-imidazolidine-2-thione (SC3H6N2) in a CH3CN-CHCl3 mixture yielded hexanuclear Cu(I) linear chain polymers, [{Cu6(mu3-SC3H6N2)2 (mu2-SC3H6N2)4X2 (mu-X)4}n] (X = Br, 4; I, 5). In compound 1, two iodide atoms and one dppe form the dinuclear Cu(mu2-I)2 (mu2-dppe)Cu core, and two dppe ligands bridge this core with the third Cu(I) center coordinated to 2-SC5H4NH via the S atom. The chain polymer 2 has a centrosymmetric hexanuclear central core, Cu6S6I4 (mu-I)2--, formed by dimerization of six-membered trinuclear motifs, Cu3(mu2-SC3H6N2)3I3 via (mu3-S) bonding modes of the thione ligand, and has four terminal and two bridging iodine atoms in trans-orientations. Linear chains are separated by the nonbonded acetonitrile molecules. In 4 and 5, three copper(I) bromide or copper(I) iodide moieties and three SC3H6N2 ligands combined via bridging S donor atoms to form the six-membered trinuclear Cu3(mu2-SC3H6N2)3I3 cores which polymerized via S and X atoms in a side-on fashion to form linear chain polymers, [{Cu6(mu3-SC3H6N2)2 (mu2-SC3H6N2)4X2(mu-X)4}n]. The (mu3-S) modes of bonding of neutral heterocyclic thioamides are first examples, as are trinuclear cluster and linear polymers rare examples in copper chemistry.     

Infrared evidence of NO linkage photoisomerization in Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O at low temperature: experimental and theoretical (DFT) isotopic shifts from 15n(O), 18O and 54Fe species

Infrared spectra of the metastable state I (MSI) of normal and 15NO, N18O and 54Fe isotopically substituted sodium nitroprusside dihydrate (Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O) have been obtained at 77 K. A comparison of the isotopic shifts measured for the vibrational modes of the FeXY (XY = NO or ON) moiety with those calculated by means of quantum chemistry (DFT) procedures supports the linear Fe-O = N arrangement for the MSI state.     

CaF2-Al2O3-MgO电渣微结构的原位拉曼光谱及27Al魔角旋转核磁共振研究

运用原位拉曼光谱和 ²⁷Al魔角旋转核磁共振研究了CaF₂-Al₂O₃-MgO电渣重熔渣晶体、 玻璃和熔体的微结构及铝配位数的变化. 利用X射线粉末衍射分析获得该晶体样品中存在的物相, 分别基于密度泛函理论及量子化学从头算分析了S-6530晶体和熔体中相关物相的拉曼振动波数及散射活性, 并对其主要振动模式进行了归属. 结果表明, S-6530晶体中铝主要以六配位形式存在, 并有少量的四、 五配位. 在升温过程中, 其中MgAl₂O₄物相的Al-O多面体由[AlO₆]转变成[AlO₄]与[AlO₅]共存. Al在熔体和玻璃结构中主要以[AlO₄]四面体的形式存在, 其占比高达71.1%, 相较于其晶态, [AlO₅]的占比也增加至28.6%. 基于构建的熔体团簇模型的量子化学从头算表明, [AlO₄]构型倾向于以Q₃, Q₄连接方式为主的层状和架状结构, 而[AlO₅]构型则倾向于单体形式.     

Theoretical analysis of structural, energetic, electronic, and defect properties of Li2O

The structural, energetic, and electronic properties of stoichiometric and defective Li(2)O were studied theoretically. The reliability of the Perdew-Wang method in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), and of two DFT/Hartree-Fock hybrid methods (PW1PW and B3LYP), was examined by comparison of calculated and available experimental data. Atom-centered orbitals and plane waves were used as basis functions for the crystalline orbitals. For both cases, the basis set dependence of calculated properties was investigated. With most of the methods, good agreement with the experimental Li(2)O lattice parameter and cohesive energy was obtained. In accordance with experiment, the analysis of electronic properties shows that Li(2)O is a wide gap insulator. Among the considered methods, the hybrid methods PW1PW and B3LYP give the best agreement with experiment for the band gap. The formation of an isolated cation vacancy defect and an F center in Li(2)O were studied. The effect of local relaxation on the calculated defect formation energies and the defect-induced changes of electronic properties were investigated and compared to available experimental results. The migration of a Li(+) ion in Li(2)O bulk was investigated. The activation energy for the migration of a Li(+) ion from its regular tetrahedral site to an adjacent cation vacancy was calculated, including the effect of local relaxation. The calculated activation barriers, 0.27-0.33 eV, are in excellent agreement with experiment.     

Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of trimethylarsine oxide

The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of trimethylarsine oxide are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of eight types of motion (As-C stretch, As=O stretch, C-H stretch, C-As-C bend, As=O bend, H-C-H bend, CH3 wag, and CH3 twist) utilizing the C3v symmetry of the molecule. Calculations were performed at the Hartree-Fock, DFT(B3LYP), and MP2 levels of theory using the standard 6-311G** basis. Calculated infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported.     

Quenching of I(2P1/2) by O3 and O(3P)

Oxygen-iodine lasers that utilize electrical or microwave discharges to produce singlet oxygen are currently being developed. The discharge generators differ from conventional chemical singlet oxygen generators in that they produce significant amounts of atomic oxygen. Post-discharge chemistry includes channels that lead to the formation of ozone. Consequently, removal of I(2P1/2) by O atoms and O3 may impact the efficiency of discharge driven iodine lasers. In the present study, we have measured the rate constants for quenching of I(2P1/2) by O(3P) atoms and O3 using pulsed laser photolysis techniques. The rate constant for quenching by O3, (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-12) cm3 s-1, was found to be a factor of 5 smaller than the literature value. The rate constant for quenching by O(3P) was (1.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(-11) cm3 s-1.     

Observation of the pi...H hydrogen-bonded ternary complex, (C(2)H(4))(2)H(2)O, using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy

FTIR absorption spectra of water-containing ethene:Ar matrices, with compositions of ethene up to 1:10 ethene:Ar, have been recorded. Systematically increasing the concentration of ethene reveals features in the spectra consistent with the known 1:1 ethene:water complex, which subsequently disappear on further increase in ethene concentration. At high concentrations of ethene, new features are observed at 3669 and 3585 cm(-1), which are red-shifted with respect to matrix-isolated nu(3) and nu(1) O-H stretching modes of water and the 1:1 ethene:water complex. These shifts are consistent with a pi...H interaction of a 2:1 ethene:water complex of the form (C(2)H(4)...H-O-H...C(2)H(4)). The analogous (C(2)D(4))(2)H(2)O complex shows little shifting from positions associated with (C(2)H(4))(2)H(2)O, while the (C(2)H(4))(2)D(2)O isotopomer shows large shifts to 2722.3 and 2617.2 cm(-1), having identical nu(3)(H(2)O)/nu(3)(D(2)O) and nu(1)(H(2)O)/nu(1)(D(2)O) values when compared with monomeric water isotopomers. Features at 3626.1 and 2666.2 cm(-1) are also observed and are attributed to (C(2)H(4))(2)HDO. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level for each isotopomer are presented, and the predicted vibrational frequencies are directly compared with experimental values. The interaction energy for the formation of the 2:1 ethene:water complex from the 1:1 ethene:water complex is also presented.     

钼簇合物反应性能的研究: {Mo3S4[S2P(OEt)2]4H2O}的加硫反应以及产物{Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S2)3[S2P(OEt2]3I}的晶体结构

由贫硫化合物{Mo_3S_4[S_2P(OEt)_2]_4·H_2O}通过加硫获得了富硫化合物{Mo_3S_7[S_2P(OEt)_2]_3·I}(CH_8C_6H_5).化合物属三斜晶系,空间群PI,晶胞参数为a=10.350(1)A,b=13.931(4)A,c=16.369(3)A,α=103.69(2),β=86.62(1),γ=111.99(2)°,V=2183A~3;z=2,D_c=1.817g·cm~(-3).最终结构偏离因子R为0.042. 簇分子{Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ-S_2)_3[S_2P(OEt)_2]3·I}属{Mo_3(μ3一Y)(μ-S_2)_3[S_2P(OEt)_2]_3·X}(Y=O,S;X=Cl,I)系列构型.{Mo_3}基本上是一个正三角形,Mo—Mo键长分别为2.721(1),2.724(1),2.725(1)A,Mo的配位多面体为七个硫原子组成的畸变五角双锥,有一个I原子联结着三个(S_2)~(2-)桥基的三个不与Mo共平面的S原子,I—S距离平均为3.169A,比相应的Van der Waals距离(～4.00A)明显地短,显示一定程度的成键作用,簇分子的这一构型是一种较为稳定的结构类型.     

N-甲基吡咯-2-甲醛激发态结构动力学及其溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论研究

获取了覆盖N-甲基吡咯-2-甲醛(NMPCA)A-带和B-带电子吸收共7个激发波长的共振拉曼光谱,并结合含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法研究了的A-带和B-带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学.TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算表明:A-带和B-带电子吸收的跃迁主体为π→π*.共振拉曼光谱可以指认为,11-13振动模式(A-带激发)或者7-11振动模式(B-带激发)的基频、倍频和组合频,其中C=O伸缩振动(ν7)、环的变形振动+N1-C6伸缩振动(ν17)、环的变形振动(ν21)和C6-N1-C2/C2-C3-C4不对称伸缩振动(ν14)占据了绝大部分.这表明NMPCA的Sπ激发态结构动力学主要沿C=O伸缩振动、环的变形振动和环上N1-C6伸缩振动等反应坐标展开.在同一溶剂的共振拉曼光谱中随激发波长由长变短,ν7与ν14的强度比呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象,这种变化规律被认为与Franck-Condon区域Sn/Sπ态混合或势能面交叉有关.溶剂对Sn/Sπ态混合或势能面交叉具有调控作用.