钴铁双金属氧化物多孔纳米棒的制备及其电解水析氧性能

通过简单的钴铁前躯体热分解法制备了系列一维Co_1-xFe_xO_y（0≤x≤1）多孔纳米材料,并在1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中研究了其电解水析氧催化性能。研究发现不同Fe掺杂量对材料的结构与电解水析氧催化性能有较大的影响,其中16%（n/n）Fe掺杂量的Co_1-xFe_xO_y具有最优的析氧催化性能。在10 mA·cm^-2电流密度下其析氧过电位为345 mV,塔菲尔斜率为54 mV·dec^-1,并表现出优异的析氧稳定性能。廉价、高效的Co_1-xFe_xO_y多孔纳米棒材料有望成为优良的析氧催化剂用于电解水制氢。     

A1掺杂量对正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(2/3-x)A1_xO_2结构和电化学性能的影响

以共沉淀法合成的前驱体Ni_(1/3)Co_(2/3-x)Al_x(OH)_2与低共熔锂盐0.38LiOH·H_2O-0.62LiNO_3制备了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(2/3-x)Al_xO_2(x=1/12,1/3,1/2,7/12).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学性能测试对其结构、形貌和电化学性质进行表征.结果表明,LiNi_(1/3)Co_(2/3-x)Al_xO_2在1/12≤x≤1/3范围内可以保持单一的六方层状a-NaFeO_2结构,当A1掺杂量(x)高于1/3时,会出现杂相.其中,LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Al_(1/3)O_2结晶程度最高,阳离子混排效应最小,并且颗粒小而均匀,振实密度可以达到2.88 g·cm~(-3),首次放电容量为151.5 mAh·g~(-1),循环50次后放电容量保持在91.4%,在1C和2C倍率下放电容量仍可达到133.7和120.9 mAh·g~(-1)     

Co3O4/CeO2异质结制备及其在碱性介质中电催化析氧性能

通过简易的两步法制备一系列Co_3O_4/CeO_2异质结。其结构、形貌和微结构分别通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)表征。在碱性介质中,其电催化析氧性能随着Co_3O_4/CeO_2质量比的变化而变化,并有一最佳值。当Co_3O_4和CeO_2质量比为58.5%时,在1.0 mol·L~(-1)KOH溶液中,10 mA·cm~(-2)的电流密度下,过电位为347 mV,Tafel斜率为72.7mV·dec~(-1),并且稳定性良好。此时的过电位低于Co_3O_4(440 mV)、商用RuO_2(359 mV)和CeO_2(570 mV)。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)显示Co_3O_4的部分电子向CeO_2转移。这导致复合材料的导电性提高,CeO_2表面的氧空位浓度和活性氧物种增加。     

CoSOH/Co(OH)2复合纳米片的制备及其氧析出催化性能

以硝酸钴与硝酸锌为原料,加入尿素和氟化钠在反应釜120℃下均匀生长在碳纸上得到Zn-Co(OH)_2复合前驱体,通过在室温下用5 mol/L NaOH和1 mol/L Na_2S溶液将前驱体刻蚀并部分硫化合成了CoSOH/Co(OH)_2复合材料,考察其在电解水析氧反应(OER)中的催化性能。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS对催化剂的微观结构及物理化学性质进行了表征。结果表明,该方法可以刻蚀Zn原子,留下氧空位并引入掺杂S元素,氧空位和S掺杂对OER反应起到积极促进作用。同时,非晶的CoSOH也有较好的OER活性。CoSOH与Co(OH)_2的协同作用使得材料表现出最优催化效果(过电位η=310 mV,塔菲尔斜率b=90 mV/dec)及长时间的电化学稳定性,具有较高的电催化产氧性能。     

Bi2O3/MoS2复合材料的制备及析氧性能研究

二维材料MoS_2有良好的催化性能,但由于其原始状态是块状的,平面结构为催化惰性,活性位点高度集中于边缘位置,为了提高二维材料MoS_2的催化性能,我们利用水热法成功地制备了阶梯式边缘型花状的二硫化钼基电催化剂(Bi_2O_3/MoS_2),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其组成、结构和形貌进行了表征,并对其作为析氧反应(OER)的电化学催化剂进行了性能测试。结果表明,该催化剂具有阶梯式边缘型纳米花的特殊结构,可以使其暴露出更多的活性位点,增加了导电性,并降低了其固有电阻,具有较好的催化活性。在1 mol·L~(-1) KOH溶液中,Bi_2O_3/MoS_2复合物具有最佳的电解水OER催化性能,在10mA/cm~2的过电位为798 mV,比Bi_2O_3降低150 mV左右,比MoS_2降低60 mV,Tafel斜率最小,具有良好的催化前景。     

Ni-Fe合金泡沫的制备及电解水析氧性能研究（英文）

NiFe羟基氧化物及其氢氧化物是一种有效的、含量丰富的且廉价的析氧反应催化剂。然而,这类催化剂有着不可避免的缺陷—易脱落,严重影响了它的长期稳定性,因而阻碍了其工业应用;同时,导电性不高导致了其在析氧反应时较高的过电位。本文采用共电沉积法和模板去除法,利用聚氨酯海绵作为模板,电沉积了不同Fe含量的NiFe合金泡沫用于催化析氧反应,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别表征了NiFe合金泡沫的物理性质,表明催化剂中Ni和Fe元素的存在及其分布均匀,形成了多孔NiFe合金。通过循环伏安法(CV)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)、I-t等测试了其OER性能。含铁量为30%的NiFe合金泡沫在过电位为292 mV即可产生10 mA/cm²的电流密度,Tafel斜率为126.12 mV/decade,且具有良好的长期稳定性。由于没有任何复杂的电极制备方法和黏合剂,本文所研究的NiFe合金泡沫非常适用于作为工业碱性介质中电解水的阳极材料。     

双钙钛矿Sr_2FeMn_(1-x)Co_xO_6催化剂的制备及其催化性能

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列双钙钛矿催化剂Sr_2FeMn_(1-x)Co_xO_6(x=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9),其结构经XRD,BET,H_2-TPR和SEM表征。以催化甲烷燃烧为模板反应,考察掺杂不同量Co~(2+)对Sr_2FeMn_(1-x)Co_xO_6催化性能的影响。结果表明:催化剂经800℃焙烧后可形成完整的双钙钛矿晶型,且Co离子掺杂量不同其催化活性不同,当Co离子掺杂量为0.3时,催化剂Sr_2FeMn_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_6具有较高的催化活性,样品比表面积为9m~2·g~(-1),起燃温度T_(10%)为442℃,T_(90%)为654℃,Fe~(3+)、Mn~(2+)、Co~(2+)之间有一定协同作用。     

泡沫镍铁合金自支撑NiFeOOH纳米片的制备及析氧性能研究

电催化析氧反应(OER)是电解水制氢的重要半电池反应。然而,OER的缓慢动力学仍需研究高效的电催化剂。在非贵金属催化剂中,NiFe基材料是OER催化剂研究热点。本文通过食人鱼溶液简单一步浸渍刻蚀法将不同Fe含量的泡沫NiFe合金进行氧化,制备了表面具有纳米片形貌的NiFeOOH自支撑电催化剂,并深入研究其电催化析氧性能。通过SEM、XRD、XPS等对电催化剂的形貌结构及成分进行表征,证实了三维多孔基底上NiFeOOH纳米片结构的形成。由于高价镍、铁物种的存在以及二维纳米片结构的生成,NiFeOOH/NF的析氧性能大幅度提高,在10 mA?cm-2的电流密度下过电位仅155.68 mV,Tafel斜率为 88.2 mV?dec-1。这为研制高效、耐用的自支撑非贵金属电极提供了新思路。     

高性能电解水电极催化材料的设计及产品工程

随着市场竞争的加剧,以产品需求为导向精确定制符合需求的化学品成为化学工程研究发展的探索新方向。电解水制氢是生产高纯氢气并转换储存大规模可再生能源的一种有效方法。为实现高效的电-氢气转换效率,高性能的电解水析氢析氧电极是必不可少的。电解水电极材料具有复杂的化学组成及多层次的结构,其中电极表面催化材料的物理化学性质和形貌结构是决定电解水性能的最主要因素。本文结合本课题组在电解水催化方面的研究工作,综述了近几年国内外电解水电极催化材料的最新研究进展,阐述了电解水电极催化材料以反应机理为导向的催化剂设计理论、以产品性能为导向的催化剂设计方法学（包括纳米结构构筑、晶面调控、载体复合、晶相调节、杂原子掺杂、合金化和聚合物表面修饰）及应用,针对化学产品工程的发展与需要,介绍了电解水电极催化材料跨越分子尺度、微纳结构及合成应用的产品设计和产品工程研究的关键科学问题和发展方向。     

高效析氧电催化剂Co3O4@NiMn-LDH异质结构阵列的制备

我们合理设计和制备了一种新型的高性能析氧电催化剂——泡沫镍负载Co_3O_4@NiMn-LDH(层状双金属氢氧化物)三维异质结构阵列(Co_3O_4@NiMn-LDH/NF)。这种基于泡沫镍基底的三维异质结构催化剂经简单的两步水热反应即可制得。对比Co_3O_4、NiMn-LDH及传统RuO2催化剂,所制备的Co_3O_4@NiMn-LDH/NF催化剂展示出更优异的电催化析氧性能。在1 mol·L~(-1)KOH溶液中,电流密度为50 mA·cm~(-2)时的过电势仅为282 mV,塔菲尔斜率为64 mV·dec~(-1)。通过有效的界面工程设计,使异质结构陈列Co_3O_4@NiMn-LDH发挥出Co_3O_4和NiMn-LDH各自优异的电催化性能。其中,基于泡沫镍基底生长的活性组分Co_3O_4纳米线阵列作为中间核支撑结构,保持了良好的空隙率,不仅有利于暴露更多的活性位点,而且有利于电解液的扩散和气体产物的释放;而依附于Co_3O_4纳米线阵列上的NiMn-LDH异质结构纳米片层则富有更多的亲水性基团,使得活性位点更易与水结合,从而促进氧析出反应的进行。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.