双吡啶化合物3,7-di(3-pyridyl)-1,5-dioxa-3,7-diazacyclooctane构建的四个过渡金属配合物的合成、结构及热稳定性（英文）

采用准刚性的双吡啶化合物3,7-di(3-pyridyl)-1,5-dioxa-3,7-diazacyclooctane (L),合成了4个过渡金属配合物[Co(NO_3)(H_2O)_2(L)_2]NO_3 (1)、[Co_2Cl_4(L)_2]·CH_2Cl_2 (2)、[Cd_2(AcO)_4(L)_2]·4CH_3OH (3)和[Cd_2(NO_3)_2(CH_3OH)_2(H_2O)_2(L)_2](NO_3)_2·2H_2O (4)。单晶衍射分析表明,配合物1是单核结构,配合物2是24-元环状双核结构,而配合物3和4为多边形双核结构。在这些配合物中,双吡啶配体分别采用了单齿、trans-和cis-桥连3种不同配位方式。配合物经过了元素分析、红外、热重和X射线单晶结构分析表征。     

基于双吡啶脲类Cd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及晶体结构

间苯二胺和3-吡啶异氰酸酯在甲苯中加热回流得到双吡啶脲类配体L,然后将配体分别与CdSO_4·8H_2O,ZnI_2,HgI_2,HgCl_2进行配位反应,得到4个配合物{[Cd(L)(SO_4)(H_2O)_3]·H_2O}n(1),{[Zn(L)I_2]·2C_2H_5OH}n(2),{[Hg(L)I_2]·C_2H_5OH}n(3),[Hg(L)Cl_2]·H_2O(4),并用元素分析、FT-IR、X射线单晶衍射、粉末衍射对其进行了表征。配合物1形成一维螺旋链结构,配合物2和3形成一维"之"字链结构,配合物4形成32元环状结构。     

1,2-环己二胺缩邻香兰素单核与四核镱稀土配合物的近红外性质（英文）

通过配体1,2-环己二胺缩邻香兰素(H2L)和不同的镱盐反应,合成了4个镱稀土配合物[Yb(H_2L)_2](ClO_4)_3·2CH_3OH·H_2O(1),[Yb_4(L)_4(NO_3)2(H_2O)_2](PF_6)_2·4CH_3CN(2),[Yb_4(L)_4(H_2O)_2Cl_2](PF6)_2·2CH_2Cl_2·2H_2O(3)和[Yb_4(L)_4(NO_3)_2(H2O)_2][Yb(NO_3)_3(H_2O)_2(CH_3OH)](NO_3)_2·4CH_2Cl_2·6CH_3OH(4)。X射线单晶衍射分析表明配合物1为零维的单核结构,配合物2~4均为四核结构。研究了4个配合物的近红外发光性能。     

由氟哌酸构筑的铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构和抑菌性能（英文）

通过水热法合成了2种铜配合物[Cu_2(HNOR)_2Cl]_n(1)和[Cu_2Cl_3]·H_3NOR·H_2O (2)(H_2NOR=氟哌酸),并对其结构进行了X射线单晶衍射测定。结果表明,虽然反应物相同,但在酸度和碱度条件下分别生成具有不同结构的配合物。通过氢键和π-π相互作用,2种配合物形成了稳定的二维结构。同时,选择大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性进行了抑菌活性实验。抑菌活性表明,2种配合物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有很好的抑制作用。     

1，1'-二羟基-5，5'-联四唑的镧系金属配合物的合成、表征及热行为

以1,1′-二羟基-5,5′-联四唑(H_2BTO)为配体,镧系金属离子作为金属中心,采用溶剂热法制备了5种金属配合物:[La_2(BTO)_3(H_2O)_8]·2H_2O (1)、[Ce_2(BTO)_3(H_2O)_8]·2H_2O (2)、[Pr_2(BTO)_3(H_2O)_8]·2H_2O (3)、[Sm_2(BTO)_3(H_2O)_8]·2H_2O (4)和[Nd_2(BTO)_3(DMF)_4]·6H_2O (5)。通过单晶X射线衍射和元素分析对5种配合物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,5种配合物均属于单斜晶系,P2_1/n空间群。利用差示扫描量热法研究了配合物1～4的热稳定性,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法分别计算了其热分解动力学参数。     

两个基于苯并咪唑席夫碱的镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和抑菌活性（英文）

在甲醇体系中,分别将苯并咪唑席夫碱HL~1和HL~2与高氯酸镍进行配位反应得到2个结构类似的镍配合物[Ni(L~1)_2]·2H_2O(1)和[Ni(L~2)_2]·2H_2O(2)(HL~1=N-(benzimidazol-2-ylethyl)-5-chlorosalicylideneimine,HL~2=N-(Benzimidazol-2-ylethyl)-5-bromosalicylidenei-mine),并用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和单晶X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。结构分析表明:两个配合物均属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,Ni(Ⅱ)与来自2个席夫碱配体的4个氮原子和2个氧原子配位,形成八面体结构。配合物中的氢键将配合物1和配合物2分别连接成二维和三维网络结构。选取金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作为菌种,研究了2个席夫碱配体和2个配合物的抑菌能力。     

基于季戊四胺席夫碱的Ni(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构及其抑菌活性

以4-甲氧基水杨醛和季戊四胺进行缩合反应得到席夫碱化合物H_4L,然后将配体H_4L分别与Ni(Cl O_4)_2·6H_2O、Cu(Cl O_4)_2在乙醇溶液中进行配位反应,得到2个席夫碱配合物[Ni_2(L)]·DMF(1)和[Cu_4(L)_2(DMSO)_3]·2DMSO(2)。并用元素分析、FT-IR和X射线单晶衍射进行了表征。配合物1和2都属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,配合物1和2都为双核配合物。初步研究了配体和配合物的体外抑菌活性,结果表明,配体及其配合物1和2对金黄色葡萄球菌具有一定的抑菌活性。     

稀土-吡唑啉酮-2,6-吡啶二羧酸配合物的合成、表征及其性质研究

以稀土氯化物、1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑啉酮和2,6-吡啶二羧酸为原料,制备了一类新型稀土三元配合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、热重-差热分析、光电子能谱分析及X射线粉末衍射等手段对配合物进行了表征,确定了该类配合物的化学组成可能为:Na2[RE(PMBP)3(PDA)]·nH2O(RE=Sm3+,Y3+,Er3+,其中La配合物含有一分子配位水)。抗菌实验结果表明,三元配合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具一定的抑制作用,Na2[Er((PMBP)3(PDA)]·5H2O对大肠杆菌作用较好,而Na2[Sm(PMBP)3(PDA)]·5H2O对金黄色葡萄球菌作用较好。采用紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法初步研究了配合物与CT-DNA的作用方式,结果表明配合物是以插入模式与DNA结合的。同时配合物Na2[Sm(PMBP)3(PDA)]·5H2O具有荧光特性,可用作荧光探针等,在生物活性上具有一定的应用前景。     

二苯羧酸类稀土配合物对藤黄微球菌抑制作用的微量热研究

合成了4例二苯羧酸类稀土配合物:[Re_2(oba)_3(H_2O)_5]·H_2O[Re=La(1)、Ce(2)、Sm(3)、Er(4)](oba=4,4'-二羧基二苯基醚),利用元素分析、红外光谱和粉末X射线衍射等技术手段对其结构及组成进行了表征,热重分析表明,4例配合物具有良好的热稳定性。采用微量热法,实时跟踪监测4种目标配合物对藤黄微球菌的抑制作用,得到了热谱曲线。依据热动力学模型对热谱曲线进行解析,计算了生长和抑制过程的热动力学函数,在不同浓度配合物存在时,获得了细菌生长速率常数(k)、最大产热功率(P_(max))、传代时间(t_G)以及抑制率(I)等参数。结果表明,4种配合物对藤黄微球菌均具有抑制作用,抑菌效果依次为:[Er_2(oba)_3(H_2O)_5]·H_2O(4)[Sm_2(oba)_3(H_2O)_5]·H_2O(3)[Ce_2(oba)_3(H_2O)_5]·H_2O(2)[La_2(oba)_3(H_2O)_5]·H_2O(1)。     

基于4-甲基-3-苯基-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑的Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及性质（英文）

4-甲基-3-苯基-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑(L)分别与CuCl_2·2H_2O、Ni(NO_3)_2·6H_2O、Cu(ClO_4)_2·6H_2O和Cd(NO_3)_2·4H_2O反应合成了配合物[CuL_2Cl]Cl·H_2O(1)、[NiL_2(H_2O)_2](NO_3)_2(2)、[CuL_2(H_2O)_2](ClO_4)_2(3)和[CdL_2(NO_3)_2]·CH_3CN(4),测定了它们的X射线单晶结构,并用红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光和热重分析进行了表征。配合物1属于正交晶系,空间群为Fddd,中心离子Cu1(Ⅱ)具有畸变的四方锥构型[CuN_4Cl]。配合物2、3和4都属于单斜晶系,空间群分别为P2_1/n,P2_1/n和P2_1/c。配合物2、3和4的中心离子Ni1(Ⅱ)、Cu1(Ⅱ)和Cd1(Ⅱ)都为畸变的八面体构型[NiN_4O_2]、[CuN_4O_2]和[CdN_4O_2]。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。