β-环糊精与蛋白质非共价复合物的电喷雾质谱研究

电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)已经广泛应用于非共价复合物的检测和研究。ESI是一种极软的离子化过程,它不仅能在不断裂共价键的情况下使分子离子化,而且可以在离子化过程中保持分子间弱的非共价键作用。因此ESI-MS在研究非共价键复合物方面有着独特的作用,并且ESI-MS还能提供复合物重要的化学计量学信息。环糊精(简写为CD)是一类被大家所熟知的化合物,它可以和许多客体分子在水溶液里形成包合复合物,更为重要的是环糊精是目前人工合成模拟酶研究中最好的模型之一。通过对环糊精与生物分子间形成的非共价键复合物的研究常常可以揭示出天然生物体     

环糊精对(R)、(S)-2-丁醇手性分子识别的电喷雾电离质谱研究

电喷雾质谱(ESIMS)是一种极弱的离子化过程,它不仅能在不断裂共价键情况下使分子离子化,而且可以在离子化过程保持分子间的弱相互作用(非共价键作用),因此ESIMS在超分子领域已有不少报道[1-3]。分子手性识别对分析科学家、生物医药科学家而言是一项既具挑战性又十分重要的问题,     

基质影响电喷雾离子化效率的研究

着眼于液相色谱与质谱条件的匹配问题,以酸性化合物——大黄酸,碱性化合物——青藤碱为模型化合物,系统地考察了正离子和负离子模式下,6种常见的LC-MS缓冲体系对电喷雾离子化效率的基质影响。结果表明：被分析物,采用不同的溶剂体系,离子化效率有显著差异,在实际样品分析中,应根据感兴趣的化合物选择合适的缓冲溶剂体系。     

卟啉-富勒烯络合物的合成

按照卟啉与富勒烯连接方式的不同,卟啉-富勒烯化合物可分为共价键连接和非共价键连接两种类型.共价键连接的卟啉-富勒烯化合物主要是通过环加成反应来合成,如1,3-偶极环加成反应、Diels-Alder环加成反应和Bingel-Hirsch环加成反应;非共价键连接的卟啉-富勒烯化合物主要是通过金属的轴向配位及氢键得到.本文综...     

诱导效应指数的量子化学研究

蒋明谦等曾提出了一种计算诱导效应指数的方案,用于讨论非共轭化合物.这种计算方案在蒋明谦的另一本专著中,又得到了进一步的推广.与过去一般都是以成键元素电负性差值来估计键极性的方法不同,诱导效应指数是用各原子的电负性分数来估计一个共价键上极性状态的.计算这种指数的基础是这种基团的原子的电负性及其共价半径.诱导效应指     

蛋白质非共价化合物的电喷雾质谱研究

介绍了近几年来利用电喷雾离子化质谱技术研究蛋白质的基本构象及蛋白质非共价化合物的基本化学信息的进展。许多研究表明,电喷雾质谱在研究蛋白质的复杂结构和功能方面有十分广阔的前景。文中列举了若干实例说明了电喷雾离子化质谱技术在分析蛋白质非共价化合物的应用和一般方法。     

共价键稳定性的影响因素

虽然小分子中的共价键强度可以很方便地通过高斯计算而相当准确地得到,一些手册和数据库中也可以直接查出部分键能/离解能数据,但共价键的强弱变化的影响因素分析在化学教学中仍然显得非常重要。共价键的强弱与成键原子及其环境密切相关,其中成键原子因素主要包括原子半径、成键类型、成键轨道类型、相对论效应、电负性、成键数量、反馈效应和孤电子对效应,而成键环境因素包括键间张力效应、离域效应、次级化学键效应、诱导效应和位阻效应。在教学中,我们可以通过对化学键影响因素的分析帮助学生理解共价键键能的变化规律。本文分析了影响共价键强弱的主要因素,并介绍了这种分析思路在化学教学中的应用。     

共价键连卟啉-富勒烯化合物的研究进展

共价键连卟啉-富勒烯化合物由于在模拟生物体光合作用、光化学反应以及太阳能电池等领域中的重要作用而受到学术界的关注。本文介绍了共价键连卟啉-富勒烯化合物的合成方法、分类以及在模拟光合作用和光伏电池上的重要应用。     

稀土夹心化合物的SCF-Xα-SW研究 Ⅲ.(Cp~2YbCl)~2和(Cp~2ErH)~2

用SCF-Xα-SW 方法非相对论和相对论方案计算了稀土桥键夹心化合物(Cp~2YbCl)~2和(Cp~2ErH)~2能级,轨道等值图形,布居数等的研究表明,(Cp~2YbCl)~2和(Cp~2ErH)~2的共价键比Cp~2Yb和Cp~2YbC~2H~2强而与Cp~3Sm和LnF~3相近. 证实了三价稀土化合物共价键比二价化合物强, 桥键氢原子较小的原子半径和价轨道单位相性质,使氢桥化合物(Cp~2ErH)~2形成比氯桥化合物(Cp~2YbCl)~2更强的共价键,非相对论和相对论计算能级结构,价轨道成分,成键图象等方面的差异, 表明了研究重稀土化合物考虑相对论效应的必要性     

质谱电喷雾离子源中电化学与电晕放电氧化还原反应的研究进展

质谱电喷雾离子化过程中包含两类氧化还原反应:电化学氧化还原和电晕放电氧化还原。一方面,这两类反应干扰谱图解析、降低分析物的检测灵敏度;另一方面,利用氧化还原的特性可发展新型离子源,提高电喷雾离子化过程中难离子化化合物的离子化效率,研究蛋白质相互作用等。该文系统地介绍了国内外对于电化学氧化还原反应和电晕放电氧化还原反应的最近研究进展,主要包括此两类反应的弊端、应用价值,以及控制两类反应的方法。最后总结了区分两种反应的方法,并对电喷雾离子源的发展进行了展望。     

A new approach to the formal classification of covalent compounds of the elements

A new approach to the classification of covalent compounds of the transition metals is presented. The classification introduces the concepts of valency number and ligand bond number as alternatives to the concepts of formal oxidation state and coordination number. Population density maps (MLX plots) which represent the covalent compounds of an element as a function of all the known ligands are exemplified for chromium; molybdenum and tungsten; and nickel, palladium and platinum. These plots are used to identify the major characteristic chemical properties of the elements including reactivity trends and reaction mechanisms.     

H2XP…SHY复合物中磷键与硫键的理论研究

用从头算量子化学方法MP2 与CCSD(T)研究了H₂XP和SHY (X, Y=H, F, Cl, Br)分子的P与S之间形成的磷键X―P…S与硫键Y―S…P的本质与规律以及取代基X与Y对成键的影响. 计算结果表明, 硫键比磷键强, 连接在Lewis 酸上的取代基的电负性增大导致形成的磷键或硫键增强, 键能增大, 对单体的结构和性质的影响也增大; 而连接在Lewis 碱上的取代基效应则相反. 硫键键能为8.37-23.45 kJ·mol^-1, 最强的硫键结构是Y 电负性最大而X 电负性最小的HFS…PH₃, CCSD(T)计算的键能是16.04 kJ·mol^-1; 磷键键能为7.54-14.65 kJ·mol^-1, 最强的磷键结构是X 电负性最大而Y 电负性最小的H₂FP…SH₂, CCSD(T)计算的键能是12.52 kJ·mol^-1. 对磷键与硫键能量贡献较大的是交换与静电作用. 分子间超共轭lp(S)-σ^*(PX)与lp(P)-σ^*(SY)对磷键与硫键的形成起着重要作用, 它导致单体的极化, 其中硫键的极化效应较大, 从而有一定的共价特征.     

Bond orders and electron delocalization indices for S–N,S–C and S–S bonds in 1,2,3-dithiazole systems

A parametric QTAIM-based (topological) model of bond orders and a modification of the Pauling bond order model are proposed for N,S-containing heterocycles, in particular, for 1,2,3-dithiazoles and 1,2,3-dithiazolium systems, which are prone to the formation of stable radicals and therefore are promising compounds in photovoltaics. These models have been parameterized for covalent S–N, S–C and S–S bonds using the electron delocalization indices. A modified Pauling’s bond order model uses turning radii, that is, the distances within which the potential acting on an electron in a system still tends to return that electron to the atomic basin, and avoids the need to choose the hybridization state of bound atoms arbitrarily.     

Nature of bonding in the sulfuryl group

The SO sulfuryl bond in a number of representative sulfoxides and sulfones has been studied at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level in the atoms-in-molecules (AIM) approach involving the AIM delocalization index and the Cioslowski-Mixon localized orbitals and associated covalent bond order. The sulfur-oxygen covalent bond is strongly polarized toward oxygen and the oxygen lone pairs provide significant backbonding to create short and strong SO bonds, similar in nature to those found in the analogous phosphoryl (PO) bond. Although the sulfoxides in general have larger delocalization indices than the sulfones, there is no correlation between these quantities and the bond dissociation energies.     

Electronic structures and chemical bonding in diatomic ScX to ZnX (X = S, Se, Te)

Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, electron affinities, ionization potentials, dissociation energies, and dipole moments of the title molecules in neutral, positively, and negatively charged ions were studied using density functional method. Ground electronic state was assigned for each molecule. The bonding patterns were analyzed and compared with both the available data and across the series. It was found that, besides ionic component, covalent bonds are formed between the metal s, d orbitals, and the p orbital of S, Se, and Te. For neutral and cationic molecules, the covalent character increases from ScX to CrX and from FeX to CuX with an exception of decrease at MnX and ZnX, while for anionic molecules, the trend is not obvious. For both neutral and charged molecules, the sulfides have the shortest bond distance and largest vibrational frequency, while tellurides have the largest bond distance and smallest vibrational frequency. For neutral and anionic molecules, the dissociation energy of sulfides is the largest, that of tellurides is the smallest, while this only remains true for cationic molecules from ScX(+) to FeX(+).     

凸显“本质联系证据推理”的离子键与共价键教学

针对离子键与共价键在教学中存在本质分离、联系割裂和忽视“证据推理”素养发展目标的问题,依据元素周期律中金属性和非金属性的递变规律进行推理,并寻找证据进行证实或证伪,以认清离子键与共价键的静电作用的成键本质和辩证统一的关系,发展学生证据推理的核心素养,提高学生的逻辑思维能力。     

Boron Tunneling in the “Weak” Bond-Stretch Isomerization of N−B Lewis Adducts

Some nitrile-boron halide adducts exhibit a double-well potential energy surface with two distinct minima: a “long bond” geometry (LB, a van der Waals interaction mostly based on electrostatics, but including a residual charge transfer component) and a “short bond” structure (SB, a covalent dative bond). This behavior can be considered as a “weak” form of bond stretch isomerism. Our computations reveal that complexes RCN−BX₃ (R=CH₃, FCH₂, BrCH₂, and X=Cl, Br) exhibit a fast interconversion from LB to SB geometries even close to the absolute zero thanks to a boron atom tunneling mechanism. The computed half-lives of the meta-stable LB compounds vary between minutes to nanoseconds at cryogenic conditions. Accordingly, we predict that the long bond structures are practically impossible to isolate or characterize, which agrees with previous matrix-isolation experiments.     

Hetero-Polar Sextuple Bond: A Relativistic Quantum Chemical Study**

Number of bonds formed by sharing an electron pair between two atoms is not restricted to one, it can go beyond four and six is the maximum. While homopolar sextuple bond in Mo₂ and W₂ has been reported, such a high bond order in heteropolar diatomics has remained elusive. In the pursuit of the sextuple bond in polar diatomics, the present study depicts the existence of such multiple bonds in Rhodium-Scandium hetero-diatom based on relativistic quantum chemical calculations. The bonding comprises of three normal electron sharing covalent bonds and three dative covalent bonds.