Observation of high spin levels in131Cs from131Ba decay

The γ- and conversion electron spectra following¹³¹Ba ε-decay are investigated, using HPGe detector and mini-orange electron spectrometer. Attention is particularly focussed on identifying weak transitions associated with low energy high spin levels in¹³¹Cs level scheme earlier inferred in reaction studies but not yet observed in¹³¹Ba decay. Our experiment identifies 15 new gammas and 6 new conversion lines in this decay. Internal conversion coefficients and multipolarities of several transitions are determined. Five new levels (3 with I^π = 7/2⁺ and one each with I^π 9/2⁺ and 11/2⁻) are introduced in the¹³¹Cs level scheme based on our observations taken together with the results from reaction studies. Spin-parity assignments to a few other levels are also suggested     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定合金薄膜热电材料中Sb和Te的相对含量

研究了在室温下用（1＋1）NHO3溶解Sb-Te合金薄膜,用火粉原子吸收光谱法测定Sb、Te的含量。其结果表明,方法准确,可靠,加收回收率为96％－105％,RSD为0．4％－4．4％。     

Incorporation of 125I, 134I,and 99mTe in some Pharmaceutics and Hormones

In-vitro-labelling of vasopressin and tofranil using radioactive iodine and lechnelium, is carried out by direct interaction between nascent halogen and the macromolecules. Labelling takes place at the favourable pH in the tyrosyl residue of the molecule, yielding a die-iodo derivative or similar. The present method had the advantage of being simple rapid and gives labelled compounds of high specific activity. The gel-filtration method furnished labelled compounds with a minimum degradation products.     

Four quasi-particle level at 2256 keV in182Re

In-beam nuclear spectroscopic studies of¹⁸²Re, following the reaction¹⁸¹Ta(α, 3n)¹⁸²Re have been made using gamma-ray and internal conversion electron techniques.K-conversion coefficients for several transitions have been measured and the multi-polarities of the various transitions assigned. In particular, the spin and parity of the four-quasi-particle isomeric level at 2256 keV were determined to be 16⁻. Theg-factor of this level has been measured to beg = 0·32 ± 0·05. On the basis of theg-factor and the decay pattern of this level, a configuration {v9/2⁺ [624↑]v7/2⁻ [514↓]v7/2⁻ [503↑]π9/2⁻ [514↑]} _k ^x = 16⁻ has been assigned to this level. The nature of the retardation of the gamma transitions deexciting this level is discussed. It is argued that the measured retardation factors can be explained if the nucleus has a triaxial shape.     

短波长相变光盘记录介质Ge2Sb2Te5薄膜的制备及静态性能研究

研究了６３２．８ｎｍ波长下适用的相变光盘介质Ｇｅ２Ｓｂ２Ｔｅ５薄膜的制备方法和静态光存诸记录特性，发现该薄膜可在１００ｎｓ条件下实现直接重写，在优化膜层结构后，写擦循环次数高达１０＾６，反射率对比度在１５％以上。     

Double-beta decay Q values of Cd and Te

The Q values of the ¹¹⁶Cd and ¹³⁰Te double-beta decaying nuclei were determined by using a Penning trap mass spectrometer. The new atomic mass difference between ¹¹⁶Cd and ¹¹⁶Sn of 2813.50(13) keV differs by 4.5 keV and is 30 times more precise than the previous value of 2809(4) keV. The new value for ¹³⁰Te, 2526.97(23) keV is close to the Canadian Penning trap value of 2527.01 ± 0.32 keV (Scielzo et al., 2009) [1], but differs from the Florida State University trap value of 2527.518 ± 0.013 keV (Redshaw et al., 2009) [2] by 0.55 keV (2σ). These values are sufficiently precise for ongoing neutrinoless double-beta decay searches in ¹¹⁶Cd and ¹³⁰Te. Hence, our Q values were used to compute accurate phase-space integrals for these double-beta decay nuclei. In addition, experimental two-neutrino double-beta decay nuclear matrix elements were determined and compared with the theoretical values. The neutrinoless double-beta decay half-lives for these nuclei were estimated using our precise phase-space integrals and considering the range of the best available matrix elements values.     

Beta decay of 103Sn

The β decay of ¹⁰³Sn, a three-neutron-particle nucleus with respect to the ¹⁰⁰Sn core, was investigated at the GSI on-line mass separator using an array of 17 germanium crystals and a total absorption spectrometer. A total of 31 β-delayed γ-rays (29 new) of the ¹⁰³Sn →¹⁰³ In decay were observed and, on the basis of β-γ-γ coincidences, the ¹⁰³Sn decay scheme was established for the first time. By means of total absorption spectroscopy, β intensities, the Gamow-Teller strength distribution and the summed Gamow-Teller strength value of 3.5±0.5 were determined for this decay. Its half-life and Q_EC value were found to be 7.0±0.2 s and 7.64±0.7 MeV, respectively. The β-delayed proton branching ratio was measured to be 1.2±0.1%. The results are discussed in comparison with shell-model predictions based on realistic and empirical interactions.     

Study on Stereochemical Activity of Lone Pair Electrons in Sulfur and Halogen Coordinated Antimony(III) Complexes by 121Sb Mössbauer Spectroscopy

We have measured ¹²¹Sb Mössbauer spectra at 20 K for 52 compounds of antimony(III). An Sb(III) atom with the electron configuration [Kr] 4d ¹⁰5s ² has a lone pair electrons. The stereochemical property of the lone pair has been found to depend very much on the kinds of atoms surrounding the antimony atom and the configurations of the coordinating atoms.     

类锌金离子Au~(49+)M壳层激发态的能级结构及衰变性质的理论研究

在相对论多组态Dirac-Fock(MCDF)理论方法基础上,通过系统考虑量子电动力学(QED)效应、Breit相互作用和弛豫效应,详细研究了类锌金离子Au49+的能级结构以及涉及M壳层激发态各种可能的辐射和Auger衰变过程.总结了QED效应和Breit相互作用对类锌金离子Au49+的M壳层激发态能级影响的一般规律.指出了随M壳层洞态的变化,主要的辐射衰变和Auger衰变的退激发特性.计算得到的部分辐射衰变能与已有的实验观测和理论计算结果作了比较,符合的很好.     

Beta decay of the proton-rich nuclei 102Sn and 104Sn

The β decays of ¹⁰²Sn and ¹⁰⁴Sn were studied by using high-resolution germanium detectors as well as a Total Absorption Spectrometer (TAS). For ¹⁰⁴Sn, with three new β-delayed γ-rays identified, the total Gamow-Teller strength (B_GT) value of 2.7(3) was obtained. For ¹⁰²Sn, the γ-γ coincidence data were collected for the first time, allowing us to considerably extend the decay scheme. This scheme was used to unfold the TAS data and to deduce a B_GT value of 4.2(8) for this decay. This result is compared to shell model predictions, yielding a hindrance factor of 3.6(7) in agreement with those obtained previously for ⁹⁸Cd and ¹⁰⁰In. Together with the latter two, ¹⁰²Sn completes the triplet of Z ⩽ 50, N ≥ 50 nuclei with two proton holes, one proton hole and one neutron particle, and two neutron particles with respect to the doubly magic ¹⁰⁰Sn core.     

Beta decay of 94Pd and of the 71 s isomer of 94Rh

The β decay of ⁹⁴Pd and of the 71s isomer of ⁹⁴Rh was investigated by using total γ-ray absorption techniques. Several levels in ⁹⁴Rh are established, including a new low-lying isomer characterized by a half-life of 0.48(3)μs and a de-exciting transition of 55keV. E2 multipolarity is determined for this transition by measuring the intensities of its γ-rays and the characteristic X-rays from its electron conversion. On the basis of the measured reduced β-decay transition rates to known ⁹⁴Ru levels and shell model considerations, the spin-parity of the 71s and the 0.48μs isomers of ⁹⁴Rh is assigned to be (4⁺) and (2⁺), respectively. The β-decay strength distributions measured for ⁹⁴Pd and the 71s isomer of ⁹⁴Rh yield Q _EC values of 6700(320) and 9750(320)keV for these decays and give evidence for the population of those states below and above the magic N = 50 gap that belong to both components of the 0g spin-orbit doublet.     

Studies on the local structures and the spin Hamiltonian parameters for Fe3+ in CdX (X = S,Se, Te)

The improved perturbation formulas of the spin Hamiltonian parameters (zero-field splitting D and g factors) for a 3d⁵ ion in trigonally distorted tetrahedra are constructed from the cluster approach by including both the crystal-field and charge-transfer contributions. These formulas are applied to the studies of the local structures and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra for Fe³⁺ in CdX (X = S, Se, Te). The impurity Fe³⁺ is found not to occupy exactly the host Cd²⁺ sites but to experience the small outward shifts 0.014 and 0.006 Å away from the ligand triangles along the C₃ axis in CdS and CdSe, respectively. The charge-transfer contributions to the spin Hamiltonian parameters are important and increase significantly with increasing atomic number of the ligand (i.e., S^2? < Se^2? < Te^2?) arising from the decreases of charge-transfer energy levels and the increases of ligand spin–orbit coupling coefficients. The results are discussed.     

Beta decay of nuclide 56Fe,56Co,56Ni,56Mn,56Cr and 56V due to strong electron screening in stellar interiors

According to a new electron screening theory,we discuss the beta decay rates of nuclide 56Fe,56Co,56Ni,56Mn,56Cr and 56V with and without strong electron screening (SES).The results show that SES has only a slight effect on the beta decay rates for ρ/μe 108 g/cm3.However the beta decay rates would be influenced greatly for ρ/μe 108 g/cm3.Due to SES,the maximum values of the C-factor (in %) on beta decay rates of 56Fe,56Co,56Ni,56Mn,56Cr and 56V is of the order of 95.03%,35.02%,98.05%,80.33%,98.30% and 98.71% at T9 = 4.0 and 98.83%,98.89%,99.65%,10.32%,4.10% and 40.21% at T9 = 7.0,respectively.     

The neutron and proton two-particle nucleus 134Sb: New low-spin states observed in the decay of 134Sn and an estimate of the energy of the 7- isomer

Excited states in the ¹³⁴Sb nucleus, populated in the β^--decay of ¹³⁴Sn, have been studied at the mass separator OSIRIS. The ¹³⁴Sn activity was produced via fast neutron-induced fission of ²³⁸U target. A main result was the discovery of a very low-lying first-excited state of ¹³⁴Sb, at 13keV, which has led to a strong revision of the level scheme. The new results are compared with different theoretical calculations and with the known data for the analogous neutron and proton two-particle nucleus in the ²⁰⁸Pb region. On the basis of this comparison, the energy of the ( πg _7/2νf _7/2)_7- isomer is estimated to be about 250keV, some 100keV lower than previously reported. Received: 21 March 2002 / Accepted: 16 May 2002 / Published online: 31 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: anovak@fuw.edu.pl     

124Te核1+态和高自旋态能谱特征的微观研究

利用微观sdIBM-2+2q.p.方案，成功地计算出¹²⁴Te核的低自旋态和部分高自旋态，特别是较成功地再现了1⁺₁,1⁺₂,3⁺₁，3⁺₂和5⁺₁态.基于该方案推出的能量关系指认：6⁺₁，8⁺_{关键词： 能谱特征 拆对与顺排 微观sdIBM-2+2q.p.方案 124Te核')" href="#">¹²⁴Te核}     

Labelling,Fractionation and Toxicity of Scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus H and E) Venom,using 125I, 131I and Gel-Filtration Technique

Labelling the venom of scorpion was achieved by means of a technique previously published by the author. The radioisotopes, used were both ¹²⁵I and ¹³¹I in a nascent form. Fractionation was done by the use of Sephadex G-100. Both the radioactivity and the extinction curves denoted the presence of three well defined peaks. The toxicity of the first fraction was found to be the most lethal. While the second peak was in the magnitude of 20 percent of the first, the third peak proved to be nontoxic to mice up to a concentration of 6 mg/kg body weight.     

A Sensitive and Precise Method for Estimation of Free Thyroxine in Serum as a Thyroid Function Test Using L-Thyroxine-125I

A method for free thyroxine estimation in serum, using labelled thyroxine and Sephadex G-25 has been developed.

The experiment has been carried out by incubating labelled thyroxine with serum samples and separating the free thyroxine from bound protein in the serum by gel filtration after complete equilibrium between exogenous and endogenous thyroxine. Factors affecting the free thyroxine ratio such as volume of serum used, concentration of labelled thyroxine, time and temperature of incubation were studied and the optimum conditions for the test were selected.

The sensitivity of the technique was determined by carrying out twelve estimations of the free thyroxine ratio on samples of pooled normal serum, pooled hypothyroid serum, and pooled hyperthyroid semm. In addition free thyroxine ratio leas determined for 23 hypothyroidisms, 99 euthyroid patients, 40 untreated thyrotoxicosis and 50 normal serum samples. A good correlation with the thyroid status of the patients (as determined) clinically and with radioiodine techniques was observed.     

Measurements of 110Xe and 106Te decay half-lives

The -decays of ¹¹⁰Xe and ¹⁰⁶Te were studied at the GSI on-line mass separator. By using the grow-in and decay of the activity, observed in pulsed-beam measurement, the half-life of ¹¹⁰Xe was found to be T_1/2 = 105⁺³⁵_-25ms. The lifetime of ¹⁰⁶Te was determined to be T_1/2 = 70⁺²⁰_-10s by measuring the time between two successive ¹¹⁰Xe ^{106} Te ^{102} Sn -decays. The newly determined half-lives were used to calculate reduced -decay widths for ¹⁰⁶Te and ¹¹⁰Xe. Universal systematics of reduced widths are proposed to search for the evidence of enhancement of the formation amplitude in the emitters above ¹⁰⁰Sn.     

Negative parity states in144Nd and multipolarity of gamma-transitions from 1− to 2+ states by beta-gamma-gamma angular correlation method

Some of the low-lying states in many isotopes¹⁴⁴Nd,¹⁴⁸Sm,¹⁵²Gd and¹⁵⁶Gd show a similar typical behaviour. The first 2⁺ is regarded as a single quadrupole phonon state and 3⁻ as a single octupole phonon state. The levels with the spins and parities 1⁻, 5⁻, 3⁻, 4⁻, etc. are considered due to the simultaneous excitation of quadrupole and octupole phonons. If this consideration is correct, then the transition fromJ ⁻ to 2⁺ states must contain an appreciableE3 content. Theβ-γ-γ angular correlation coefficients for the cascade ofβ-rays ofE _max 800 keV→γ-rays of 1489 keV→γ-rays of 696 keV are used to estimateE3 content inE1 transition in¹⁴⁴Nd.     

Levels in74As from the74Ge(p,nγe)74As reaction

The low-lying levels in⁷⁴As have been studied by means ofγ-ray and internal conversion electron spectroscopy following the⁷⁴Ge(p,n)⁷⁴As reaction. New levels at 372.7, 532.8, 632.1, 731.6, 752.7, 758.3, 801.6, 902.9 and 1128.5 keV, not observed in earlier studies, have been established.J ^π assignments have been made to several low-lying levels. An earlier ambiguity regarding the identification of an isomeric level has been clarified. The half-life of a level at 271.4 keV has been measured to be 1.0±0.1 nsec; in addition, limits on half-lives of levels at 182.7, 277.5 and 425.4 keV have been assigned. The level structure is discussed on the basis of available nuclear models.