土壤有机质近红外预测FIR模型传递算法研究

针对近红外光谱检测中存在的模型传递问题,即在某一测试环境或仪器上建立的定性定量预测模型不适用于其他检测环境或仪器所采集的数据,该研究以土壤有机质为研究对象,采用FIR算法开展了此方面的研究工作。首先,在山西境内不同地方采集了59个壤土土壤样本,选用ASD公司的FieldSpec3光谱检测仪,分两批次对土壤样本进行了近红外光谱检测。第一批测试土样称为“源机样本”为50个,第二批测试土样称为“目标机样本”为9个;然后,随机选取“源机样本”中的41个样本作为校正样本,其余9个样本作为预测样本,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)定量预测方法建立了土壤有机质的定量预测模型,预测样本的预测相关系数为0.961,预测样本标准差(RMSEP)为0.600%,预测样本标准偏差(SEP)为0.597%,说明采用该方法可以很好地预测“源机样本”。当采用上述模型对9个“目标机样本”进行预测时,发现其预测相关系数为负值,表明采用该模型直接对“目标机样本”进行预测是不可行的。最后,采用FIR模型传递算法对“目标机样本”进行了处理,当窗口大小为p=516时预测效果提高,预测相关系数为0.706,RMSEP为0.662%,SEP为0.430%,说明FIR可以实现不同测试条件下获得谱图的传递,实现模型的共享。     

Growth, structural, spectral, mechanical and dielectric characterization of RbCl-doped l-alanine hydrogen chloride monohydrate single crystals

Pure (undoped) and RbCl-doped LAHC single crystals were grown successfully by the solution method with the slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The grown crystals were colourless and transparent. The solubility of the grown samples were found out at various temperatures. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique and the diffracting planes were indentified by recording the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. UV-visible transmittance studies were carried out for the grown samples. Chemical analysis and atomic absorption studies indicate the presence of rubidium in the doped LAHC crystals. Nonlinear optical studies reveal that the SHG efficiency increases when the LAHC crystal is doped with rubidium chloride (RbCl). From microhardness studies, it is observed that the RbCl-doped LAHC crystal is harder than the pure sample. It is observed that the dielectric properties of the LAHC crystal are altered when it is doped with rubidium chloride.     

Perceptual compensation for effects of reverberation in speech identification

Listeners were asked to identify modified recordings of the words "sir" and "stir," which were spoken by an adult male British-English speaker. Steps along a continuum between the words were obtained by a pointwise interpolation of their temporal-envelopes. These test words were embedded in a longer "context" utterance, and played with different amounts of reverberation. Increasing only the test-word's reverberation shifts the listener's category boundary so that more "sir"-identifications are made. This effect reduces when the context's reverberation is also increased, indicating perceptual compensation that is informed by the context. Experiment 1 finds that compensation is more prominent in rapid speech, that it varies between rooms, that it is more prominent when the test-word's reverberation is high, and that it increases with the context's reverberation. Further experiments show that compensation persists when the room is switched between the context and the test word, when presentation is monaural, and when the context is reversed. However, compensation reduces when the context's reverberation pattern is reversed, as well as when noise-versions of the context are used. "Tails" that reverberation introduces at the ends of sounds and at spectral transitions may inform the compensation mechanism about the amount of reflected sound in the signal.     

不同激发波长对Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+红色长余辉发光材料发射光谱的影响

采用高温固相法合成了Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料。用X射线衍射仪及荧光分光光度计对材料物相及光谱性能进行了分析。结果表明:所得样品为Sr3Al2O6的纯相,在360nm波长的激发下,得到波峰为537nm的宽带发射光谱;在468nm波长的激发下,得到波峰为590nm的宽带发射光谱;在波长为394nm的激发下,537和590nm的峰同时出现。根据晶格场效应和电子云膨胀效应,对不同激发波长对Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+发射光谱的影响进行了解释。结果表明:在Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+中发光中心因其5d能级劈裂幅度不同及4f65d1能带重心不同而导致发光颜色的不同。     

不同Ag壳厚度Au@Ag纳米粒子的调控制备表征及表面增强拉曼光谱的效应

采用化学还原法制备了以Au为核、包覆Ag的双金属核壳Au@Ag纳米粒子,并成功地用于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)分析测试。通过改变制备液中Ag/Au的量比来调控Ag壳包覆厚度。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)对Au@Ag纳米粒子的构貌进行表征。TEM显示明显存在核壳结构,且Ag壳层随Ag/Au的量比的增加而逐渐变厚;UV-Vis表明随着Ag/Au的量比的增加,Au@Ag纳米粒子出现了Au核与Ag壳吸收峰的2个等离子体共振峰,同时伴随着Au峰的蓝移和Ag峰的红移。以双甲脒为分析物,考察了不同Ag/Au的量比时的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性。结果表明,SERS活性随Ag/Au的量比的增加先增大后减小,在6∶5时其SERS增强效应最佳,此时Ag壳厚度约为6 nm。以对巯基苯胺(4-ATP)、结晶紫(CV)和双甲脒为分析测试对象,对比了Au@Ag、Ag、Au 3种基底的SERS活性。结果表明,所制备的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性要明显优于单纯的Au、Ag纳米粒子。     

Self-assembled magnetic lamellar hydroxyapatite as an efficient nano-vector for gene delivery

Magnetic lamellar hydroxyapatite (ML-HA) nanoparticles were synthesized by a template-assisted self-assembly process. The as-prepared ML-HA nanoparticles self-assembled under different conditions were characterized by XRD, TEM, cytotoxicity assessment, and DNA-loading and transfection efficiency measurements. We found that the structure and morphology of ML-HA were controlled by self-assembly conditions. The ML-HA synthesized in this work exhibited good biocompatibility. The DNA-loading capacity and ζ-potential of ML-HA were much lower in comparison to bare lamellar HA (L-HA) without magnetic nanoparticles. Despite that, the ML-HA with good lamellar structure showed 47% higher transfection efficiency than L-HA. Results suggested that the ordered lamellar structure is a key factor in controlling transfection efficiency and magnetization is an effective way of improving the transfection efficiency of lamellar HA. Mechanisms were proposed to interpret these experimental results. It is demonstrated that the ML-HA may be a promising gene vector to deliver DNA into the cells effectively and safely.     

PVP/洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子微波合成及其荧光特性研究

以PVP为表面修饰剂,用微波合成法制备了粒径分布均匀性能稳定的洛美沙星-铽(LELX-Tb3 )纳米粒子,用扫描电镜、红外光谱和荧光光谱进行了表征.重点分析了PVP的引入对洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子的粒径分布、粒子形貌、红外光谱和荧光光谱的影响,发现PVP修饰后的洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子具有更均匀的尺寸分布,荧光发射峰强度增强;确证了PVP的用量是制备洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子的一个重要因素;探讨了PVP对LFLX-Tb3 荧光的增敏机理.     

The impact of reverberant self-masking and overlap-masking effects on speech intelligibility by cochlear implant listeners (L)

The purpose of this study is to determine the relative impact of reverberant self-masking and overlap-masking effects on speech intelligibility by cochlear implant listeners. Sentences were presented in two conditions wherein reverberant consonant segments were replaced with clean consonants, and in another condition wherein reverberant vowel segments were replaced with clean vowels. The underlying assumption is that self-masking effects would dominate in the first condition, whereas overlap-masking effects would dominate in the second condition. Results indicated that the degradation of speech intelligibility in reverberant conditions is caused primarily by self-masking effects that give rise to flattened formant transitions.     

Preparation of lotus-like superhydrophobic fluoropolymer films

Styrene and 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate copolymers were synthesized by bulk polymerization, and the superhydrophobic copolymer films were prepared subsequently using phase separation technique. The copolymer was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and then added ethanol into the solution thereafter, to induce phase separation. The microstructures of the polymer films were controlled by the degree of phase separation, which was enhanced properly by the concentration of ethanol. The surface morphology of the films, observed by environmental scanning electron microscope, is similar to that of the lotus leaf. The contact angle and sliding angle were measured as 154.3° and 5.8°, respectively. The excellent superhydrophobic property demonstrated that the phase separation technique is useful for preparing lotus-like fluoropolymer films.     

矩形波导近似计算椭圆应力包层单模光纤的双折射

提出矩形波导近似,并分别采用Marcatili法和有效折射率法进行计算,得出了数值结果,并将其与大块光学材料近似、修正耦合波理论和微扰法以及精确求解特征方程的结果进行比较.     

三氧化钨溶胶稳定机理及薄膜结构变化特征探讨

本文以钨酸钠阳离子树脂酸化法制备三氧化钨溶胶,采用提拉法成膜,并讲座了溶胶稳定和成膜的机理,通过TG－DTA和IR分析探讨了固体薄在热算是过程中的结构变化,实验结果表明,双氧水和乙醇与钨酸络合,使溶胶稳定,挥发性强的小分子配体（如乙醇）对成膜有利,TG－DTA和IR分析结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高,薄膜中多聚钨酸离子（或者产氧化钨分子簇）进一步缩合,WO6八面对称性逐渐增强。     

分子束外延n-GaAs/SI-GaAs薄膜材料的拉曼光谱研究

用分子束外延(MBE)技术, 在GaAs(100)衬底上生长了不同Si掺杂浓度（从1016 cm-3到1018 cm-3）的n-GaAs薄膜。通过在室温下拉曼光谱的测量对n-GaAs薄膜的谱形进行了分析,拉曼位移出现了明显的移动,光学横模TO峰相对的增强,光学纵模LO峰相对的减弱。文章分析了原因这是由于Si掺杂浓度不断的提高,致使界面失配位错不断地提高造成的,内部应力也在不断的增大,原来的晶格振动平衡被破坏,四价Si替代了三价Ga致使谱线移动。并且由于横声子模具有Raman活性,横声子模被相对的增强了。实验结果与理论是互相吻合的。     

纳米孔径核孔膜的制备研究

高能硫、氪、氙离子轰击聚酯(PET)和聚碳酸酯(PC)膜后,对样品进行陈化和紫外线照射敏化.用电导法着重研究蚀刻条件对样品的归一化径迹蚀刻速率(灵敏度)的影响,结果表明优化条件下灵敏度较通用条件下提高约2倍,PET的灵敏度可达1000,PC的灵敏度可达2000,可以用于制备纳米孔径核孔膜.核孔膜中填充的铜纳米线的电镜照片显示出纳米线最小直径为20nm.用电导法计算纳米孔的孔径,该值与纳米线直径的电镜测量值在孔径大于30nm时符合良好.     

金纳米空球的合成及其SERS效应

本文利用非晶硒溶胶作模板合成了金纳米空球,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及拉曼光谱对其进行了表征,结果显示,所得到的金纳米空球呈多晶结构,粒径约为150 nm,壳层厚度约为25 nm,表面为颗粒状金原子团簇;将金纳米空心球组装到玻碳电极表面,以SCN-作为探针分子,初步探讨了金纳米空球的SERS效应,表明其具有较强的SERS活性。     

烟酸和烟酰胺及烟碱的太赫兹光谱研究

研究了室温条件下结构相似的烟酸和烟酰胺以及烟碱的太赫兹光谱。测量了它们的时间分辨光谱,通过傅里叶变换获得了它们的频谱,从而得到了频谱响应和折射率色散关系。实验结果表明, 烟碱在太赫兹波段无明显的特征频谱响应,而烟酸和烟酰胺在太赫兹波段存在明显的特征频谱响应。用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了烟酸和烟酰胺的太赫兹频谱,对它们的吸收峰产生的原因做了初步分析,认为烟酸吸收峰的产生是由于分子内部的扭转和摇摆所造成的,而烟酰胺的吸收峰(除1.93 THz以外)是由于分子间的相互作用和光声子模式而造成的。结果表明,数值模拟和实验结果相结合,可以用来分析烟酸和烟酰胺的分子结构和分子振动模式。     

Detection of Mitral Valve Diseases by Bicoherence Analysis of Heart Sound Signals

The analysis of 10 normal and 51 mitral valve pathology making a total of 61 heart sound signals that were obtained with Littmann 4100 Digital Stethoscope were conducted in this study. Following the recorded sound signals were denoised by using wavelet filters, the signals were applied bicoherence analysis that is an high order spectral analysis method. It has been demonstrated that varieties of mitral valve pathology could be determined by three-dimensional surfaces of bicoherence and maximum bicoherence values.     

Interfacial friction and mass transfer at gas flow into vacuum through a nozzle with a near-wall liquid film

The cycle of experiments on interaction between the co-current gas flow and the near-wall liquid film were carried out at high gas flow velocities, including the supersonic ones. The local parameters of the near-wall film were measured by the capacitance probes. It is shown that the co-current gas flow affects the near-wall film significantly, causing intensive wave formation, droplet detachment from the film surface, and their entrainment by the gas flow. It is determined that a relative amount of liquid entrained by the co-current flow is generalized by the Weber number of this gas flow.     

Gap duration discrimination for frequency-asymmetric gap markers: psychophysical and electrophysiological findings

This study investigated gap duration discrimination (GDD) for frequency-asymmetric gap markers, where one marker was a two-tone complex consisting of a primary tone and a secondary tone, and the other marker was the primary tone alone. Three experiments were undertaken to examine the order effect wherein performance is better when the two-tone marker is the leading marker than when it is the trailing marker. Experiment 1 demonstrated that GDD for frequency-asymmetric markers is intermediate between the boundaries of within-frequency-channel versus across-frequency-channel processing. Experiment 2 compared psychophysical performance with auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) elicited by the same stimuli. Whereas GDD thresholds were elevated for a complex trailing marker relative to a within-frequency-channel baseline, ABRs elicited by the complex marker were more robust. Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that poor GDD performance with frequency-asymmetric markers is due to some form of nonenergetic, or informational, masking. The results did not support a role for informational masking conferred by synthetic listening; however, informational masking conferred by the occurrence of novel spectral events provided a parsimonious account. One possible interpretation is that the capacity to accurately encode a gap is undermined by the occurrence of novel spectral events that engage limited attentional resources.     

聚N-乙烯基咔唑-2,4,7,三硝基-9-芴酮电荷转移复合物薄膜的载流子迁移率

采用渡越时间法测量了PVC_z-TNF电荷转移复合物薄膜载流子的迁移率。观察到电子和空穴在输运过程中的差异:电子的渡越时间是大致均一的。空穴的渡越时间有一个分布,在电场作用下迁移可用Scher-Montroll的理论处理;并观察到在低电场下(E<1.8×10⁵V/cm)迁移率为一恒定值。结合暗电导率的测量对该材料的非欧姆性电导的本质进行了讨论,认为在强电场下载流子迁移率和浓度都随电场增加而增大。 关键词：     

Effects of the cryopreservation procedures on recovered rice cell populations

Cryogenic storage of plant cells allows the long-term maintenance of valuable genotypes. Cryopreservation of calli and cell suspensions is often performed using cryoprotectants and slow cooling rates. Rice calli (Oryza sativa L.) were cryopreserved by this procedure as well as by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen without cryoprotection. Subsequently, the characteristics of the recovered cells as well as the effects of putative cryoselection were investigated by microscopic observations and flow cytometric analyses. For this purpose, protoplasts were prepared from calli that had been cryopreserved by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen and from their unfrozen controls. Results show that direct immersion in liquid nitrogen of calli pre-treated with abscisic acid is a fast and highly efficient freezing procedure that maintains the main characteristics of the cell populations and appears to increase their metabolic activity