长脉冲激光对组成CCD图像传感器的MOS光敏单元的硬破坏机理研究

以帧转移型面阵CCD图像传感器为例,采用有限元法研究了波长1.06 μm,脉宽ms量级长脉冲Nd:YAG激光与组成CCD传感器的MOS光敏单元的作用过程及硬破坏机理.建立了长脉冲激光辐照MOS光敏单元的热力耦合模型,模拟了MOS光敏单元的温度分布和应力分布.研究结果表明:在长脉冲激光作用下,由于S层表面径向压应力超过其抗压强度引起MOS光敏单元出现了OS层间分裂,进而受径向、环向和轴向压应力的共同作用下,在光敏单元还未熔融时,层间分裂就扩大至光敏单元的整个OS层间.OS层间完全分裂会使光敏单元发生硬破坏,并造成CCD传感器中激光照射区的单个或一列光敏单元的功能完全失效.文章的研究结果可为CCD图像传感器的激光损伤及防护提供必要的理论依据. 关键词： 长脉冲激光 CCD图像传感器 硬破坏机理 层间分裂     

超短脉冲激光诱导单晶铜熔化的物理机制

 采用校正的分子动力学方法研究了超短脉冲熔化单晶铜的动力学微观机制,建模时将熔化潜热的消耗及自由电子的热传导均考虑在内,使熔化过程的模拟更加真实。皮秒激光熔化单晶铜是一种过热熔化,可归因于液相在固相中的均匀形核。熔沿传播的速度高达5.8 nm/ps ,高于铜中声速。熔化发生在热约束区域内部,导致温度分布不太复杂,且卸载波对应力波的影响与应力约束区域相比较弱。     

60 fs长脉宽双色场作用下孤立阿秒脉冲的产生

通过数值求解一维含时Schrödinger方程,研究了具有较长脉宽双色激光脉冲与氢原子相互作用产生的高次谐波和阿秒(as)脉冲.这里的双色激光脉冲由一束基频钛宝石主脉冲与另一束红外附加脉冲构成.研究发现,当合成脉冲的脉宽选为12 fs时, 选取合适的附加脉冲波长,合成电场的振幅在始末端时间段能被大幅抑制, 仅中间部分的电场对谐波谱平台区和截止位置起主要贡献. 通过分析合成脉冲电场始末端时间段抑制的机理,进一步扩展了合成脉冲脉宽到60 as, 并得到160 as的孤立短脉冲.这是迄今为止在孤立阿秒脉冲产生研究中所采用的最长脉宽. 该方案中的合成脉冲等效于单一5 fs短脉冲的作用, 却克服了5 fs脉冲低输出能量导致的阿秒脉冲能量低的困难.     

附加谐波脉冲生成强的39阿秒孤立脉冲

采用多周期800 nm激光组合它的27次谐波脉冲生成超短、宽频的孤立阿秒脉冲.研究表明,脉宽为1 fs的27次谐波脉冲可以有效地控制电子动力学过程.将其加入到单色激光场的特定时域,可以控制电离概率在半个光学周期内迅速提升,使得谐波的转化效率相对于单色场情形增强4个数量级,并实现单一的短量子路径选择,出现频宽为108 eV的超连续辐射谱,叠加该连续谱140次到210次谐波获得了脉宽为39as的强、短孤立脉冲.与文献[7]中采用5 fs/800 nm激光附加紫外阿秒脉冲的方法相比,该方案生成的连续谱频带增宽一 关键词： 组合激光脉冲 连续辐射谱 阿秒脉冲     

基于耗散孤子种子的啁啾脉冲光纤放大系统输出特性

以不同滤波器带宽下获得的全正色散光纤激光器耗散孤子作为啁啾脉冲放大(CPA)系统的种子脉冲, 研究了光栅对和光纤展宽器CPA系统输出脉冲的可压缩性. 结果表明, 对于大能量耗散孤子种子脉冲, 当CPA系统采用正色散光纤展宽器时, 光纤群速色散与自相位调制之间的相互作用不仅可抑制耗散孤子脉冲光谱调制的影响, 还可使脉冲在光纤展宽器中自相似演化, 从而可提高CPA输出脉冲的可压缩性. 通过优化光纤展宽器长度, 对于耗散孤子种子源, 采用光纤展宽器的CPA系统输出脉冲可压缩性与主脉冲所占脉冲总能量之比均优于采用光栅对展宽器时的情况.     

用光激开关产生高功率亚纳秒电脉冲的研究

 报道了用全固态绝缘结构研制的横向型半绝缘GaAs光电导开关产生高功率亚纳秒电脉冲的性能和测试结果。8mm电极间隙的开关暗态绝缘强度达30kV。分别用ns, ps和fs激光脉冲触发开关的测试表明,开关输出电磁脉冲无晃动。3mm电极间隙开关的最短电流脉冲上升时间小于200ps,脉宽达亚ns;在偏置电压2000伏,光脉冲宽度8ns、能量1.2mJ的触发条件下,峰值电流达560A。用重复频率为76MHz和10⁸Hz的光脉冲序列触发开关也获得清晰的电流脉冲序列。     

Double pulse UV laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of stainless steel

Results of experimental investigations of 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) ultraviolet spectral range by single and double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) at atmospheric pressure are reported. Various parameters, such as laser energy, placement of the laser beam focus with respect to the surface of illumi-nation, and collinear double laser pulse delay were used as variables. This study contributes to a better under-standing of the LIBS plasma dynamics by observing the temporal evolution of various emission lines. Temperature measurements were made by the Boltzmann diagram method using singly ionized Fe lines, and electron densities were found from Stark broadening. The temporal behaviors of these parameters were also estimated. It was found that the electron temperature for double pulses is higher than that for single pulse of the same total energy. For double pulse LIBS, the iron line emission intensities are enhanced and the analytical performance is improved. For instance, the intensity of iron line Fe I 275.01 nm was a factor of about 300 times higher if a double pulse of 2 × 20 mJ was used instead of a single pulse of 40 mJ when focusing the beam 4.7 mm behind the target surface. Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 654–660, 2006.     

Frequency shift and pulse compression of an ultrashort pulse in a large-amplitude plasma wave

By calculating the momenta of a coupled set of nonlinear equations of laserpulse-plasma wave interaction in the weak relativistic approximation,the conditions for fre-quency up-shift have been found.That the energy change of the pulse due to frequency shiftis compensated by the change of plasma wave energy results in photon number conservation.Some factors that affect the frequency up-shift are studied.It is also found that the laser pulsecan be compressed when it is located near the valley of plasma density perturbation and ifsome threshold value of the plasma wave field is exceeded.     

ZnS与SiO_2材料的短脉冲激光热损伤特性比较

对SiO2和ZnS这两种常用的红外光学材料在红外短脉冲激光辐照下的热损伤特性进行了研究,分析了相同激光辐照条件下两种材料的热效应,另外也针对同种材料不同辐照条件下的热效应进行比较。分析结果表明:红外激光作用下,SiO2材料的表面温升快于ZnS材料,而在材料内部,则后者快于前者。脉冲辐照结束时SiO2材料的表面峰值温度高于ZnS材料,但ZnS材料产生温升的深度大于SiO2材料。由于能量更为集中,材料在皮秒激光作用下温升高于纳秒激光作用下的温升。若材料的峰值温度达到熔点,则激光的单脉冲能量随脉冲宽度的减小呈非线性减小趋势,且变化率越来越大。     

初始相位对周期量级激光脉冲Thomson散射特性的影响

 用电子Thomson散射的经典理论,研究了周期量级激光脉冲作用下电子Thomson散射的特性,讨论了不同激光强度下,激光脉冲的初始相位对电子辐射的空间分布以及特定方向上频谱分布特性的影响。计算表明:对弱激光脉冲,电子辐射的空间分布类似于偶极天线的对称双叶结构,初始相位对电子的辐射几乎没有影响;而对强激光脉冲,电子辐射的空间分布出现了三叶结构,初始相位对电子的辐射影响非常显著。     

利用43飞秒的强激光脉冲实现单个阿秒脉冲输出的新机理

研究了多个光周期的长脉冲(43 fs)激光与氖原子相互作用产生的高次谐波的辐射特性. 通过计算机数值模拟，发现当激光场的强度超过饱和光强时，原子将会在几个光周期内被迅速电离，使得原子的高次谐波谱在截止区呈现出平滑的多平台结构. 同时，在高频波段离子产生的高次谐波的影响将变得十分显著. 通过选取合适的子平台进行频率叠加，在消除了离子的高次谐波的影响后，可以获得单个的阿秒软X射线脉冲. 关键词： 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲     

相对论飞秒激光脉冲在真空中对预加速电子的加速

通过求解电子运动的相对论方程，发现预加速电子在超强超短激光脉冲的作用下可以获得很高的能量增益. 飞秒激光脉冲的上升沿在焦点附近的区域有效加速电子后，电子和光脉冲一起传播一段距离（远大于瑞利长度）后，激光强度变得很弱，从而使脉冲下降沿对电子的减速作用可以忽略不计，因此电子只经历加速过程而没有被减速，当电子和光脉冲分离时，电子获得了很高的能量增益. 当光强为10¹⁹Ｗ／cm² ，电子的初始能量为MeV量级时，电子的能量增益可以达到01GeV. 进一步讨论了电子的能量增益与电子的初始条件与激光脉冲的参数之间的关系. 关键词： 电子加速 飞秒激光脉冲 能量增益     

基于热释电探测器的重频脉冲激光诊断

摘以热释电探测器的工作原理为基础,研究了热释电探测器对重频脉冲激光的瞬态响应特性,建立了热释电探测器对单脉冲激光辐照响应的工作模型,分析了影响探测器频率特性的主要因素。根据材料和结构参数模拟计算了实际应用中的响应模型。设计了信号检测电路并对其进行计算仿事。完成了探测器的频率响应、脉宽响应等实验测量,验证了热释电探测器用于高重频、窄脉冲激光能量测量的可行性。     

不同波形脉冲激光的时域误差对相干合成的影响

相干合成技术是实现高功率、高亮度光纤激光系统的重要技术途径.然而, 脉冲激光阵列中常常存在时域误差,这将影响脉冲激光的相干合成效果. 建立了脉冲激光存在时域误差时的相干合成理论模型,并在不同波形(方波、三角波、正弦波) 的脉冲激光存在时域误差时,对相干合成光束在远场的脉冲波形、峰值功率、 光强分布和桶中功率(PIB)等特性进行了数值计算和对比分析.计算结果表明: 方波脉冲激光相干合成光束的脉冲波形受时域误差影响严重,光强分布和PIB随着时域误差 的增大发生线性变化;三角波脉冲激光相干合成光束的脉冲波形和峰值功率受时域误差 影响严重,光强分布和PIB在时域误差较大时随着时域误差的增大发生较为剧烈的变化; 正弦波脉冲激光相干合成光束具有较好的输出特性,在两路正弦波脉冲激光相干合成中, 将两脉冲之间的时延控制在脉冲持续时间的10%以内,就能取得良好的合成效果.     

Internal modification of glass by ultrashort laser pulse and its application to microwelding

Internal modification process of glass by ultrashort laser pulse (USLP) and its applications to microwelding of glass are presented. A simulation model is developed, which can determine intensity distribution of absorbed laser energy, nonlinear absorptivity and temperature distribution at different pulse repetition rates and pulse energies in internal modification of bulk glass with fs- and ps-laser pulses from experimental modified structure. The formation process of the dual-structured internal modification is clarified, which consists of a teardrop-shaped inner structure and an elliptical outer structure, corresponding to the laser-absorbing region and heat-affected molten region, respectively. Nonlinear absorptivity at high pulse repetition rates increases due to the increase in the thermally excited free electron density for avalanche ionization. USLP enables crack-free welding of glass because the shrinkage stress is suppressed by producing embedded molten pool by nonlinear absorption process, in contrast to conventional continuous wave laser welding where cracks cannot be avoided due to shrinkage stress produced in cooling process. Microwelding techniques of glass by USLP have been developed to join glass/glass and Si/glass using optically contacted sample pairs. The strength of the weld joint as high as that of base material is obtained without pre- and post-heating in glass/glass welding. In Si/glass welding, excellent joint performances competitive with anodic bonding in terms of joint strength and process throughput have been attained.     

采用组合脉冲驱动生成单一的X射线阿秒脉冲

采用组合激光脉冲(800 nm/9.4 fs 24 nm/1 fs)辐照联合两原子体系产生高次谐波,获得了单一的X-射线阿秒脉冲.我们发现,当固定钛宝石激光的峰值强度并改变高频谐波脉冲的峰值强度Ih时,存在一个优选的Ih范围,在该范围内相应的阿秒脉冲最优化,即强度达到最强,对此,本文从受激复合的角度给出了合理解释.     

超短强激光脉冲激励甲烷团簇的内电离机理

采用三维粒子动力学模拟方法研究了甲烷团簇在超短强激光脉冲激励下的爆炸动力学行为,重点讨论了几种典型的内电离机理对团簇爆炸过程中离子的价态和动能的影响.研究表明,在激光脉冲强度比较小的情况下,团簇中的原子主要是在光场作用下通过隧道电离的方式发生电离.当激光场进一步增强时,势垒压低电离是电离的主要方式.在相同的较高激光强度下,团簇更容易通过势垒压低电离达到高的电离价态.团簇发生电离后,其内部库仑电场的点火电离效应和内部滞留自由电子的碰撞电离效应也将增强团簇的再次电离过程. 关键词： 超短强激光脉冲 甲烷团簇 内电离     

Ablation of subsurface tumors using an ultra-short pulse laser

This paper demonstrates the novel technique of ablating subsurface tumors with minimal thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissue using a focused laser beam from an ultra-short pulse diode laser source. Experiments were performed on anesthetized healthy mice as well as mice with mammary tumors in order to demonstrate the fundamental advantages of using a focused-beam, ultra-short pulse laser to ablate subcutaneous tissues. The technique was demonstrated through histological analysis of tissue samples after irradiation of anesthetized mice with or without mammary tumors. To demonstrate the efficacy of subsurface focusing, temperature was monitored at the subsurface tumor location and at the surface in an untranslated sample while irradiating with a focused ultra-short pulsed 1552 nm laser. Results show that temperature rise was dramatically greater at the focal depth than at the surface. Irradiation at the subsurface tumor location while translated over time across the tumor location resulted in precise ablation of the tumor. This work shows that a focused-beam ultra-short pulse 1552 nm laser results in precise ablation at the desired location with high efficacy and a minimal zone of collateral thermal and/or mechanical damage.     

亚ns激光脉冲电取样方法

 针对亚ns激光脉冲,提出一种基于ps脉冲传输线和高速电子电路的电快脉冲取样方法,设计了选通脉冲产生电路和高速取样保持电路,给出一种提高实时采样速率的交叉采样方法,该方法由并联结构的多组取样门阵列实现。可应用于多路激光脉冲的精密测量。