原位还原法制备Ag/SBA-15及其对CO的催化氧化

以原位还原的方法一步合成了Ag/SBA-15复合催化剂,通过粉末XRD、TEM、ICP-AES和低温氮气吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行了表征.考察了不同催化剂对CO催化活性的影响,结果表明当金属纳米的尺寸大小为6~8nm左右,银的含量为6.86%时(Ag/SBA-15-3)的催化活性最高,在120℃时就可使CO完全氧化,可以重复使用,在100%的转化温度时保持200min转化率仍不降低.     

Preparation and characterization of nano-sized Pt-Ru/C catalysts and their superior catalytic activities for methanol and ethanol oxidation

Carbon-supported PtRu nanoparticles (Ru/Pt: 0.25) were prepared by three different methods; simultaneous reduction of PtCl(4) and RuCl(3) (catalyst I) and changing the reduction order of PtCl(4) and RuCl(3) (catalysts II and III) to enhance the performance of the anodic catalysts for methanol and ethanol oxidation. Structure, microstructure and surface characterizations of all the catalysts were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of the XRD analysis showed that all catalysts had a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with different and smaller lattice parameters than that of pure platinum, showing that the Ru incorporates into the Pt fcc structure by different ratios in all the catalysts. The typical particle sizes of all catalysts were in the range of 2-3 nm. The most active and stable catalyst for methanol and ethanol oxidation is catalyst III, in which a large amount (more than 90%) of PtRu alloy formation was observed. It has been found that this catalyst is about 8.0 and 33.4 times more active at ～0.60 V towards the methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions, respectively, compared to the commercial Pt catalyst.     

Preparation of Co- or Mn-substituted LTL zeolites and their catalytic properties in cyclohexane oxidation

Co-or Mn-substituted LTL zeolites were hydrothermally synthesized by a novel organic-ligand-assisted method.XRD,UVVis DRS,XPS,and EPR techniques verified that the Co and Mn ions were incorporated into the zeolite framework.No organic species were retained in as-synthesized Co or Mn-LTL zeolites,which resulted in porous materials without calcination.In the oxidation of cyclohexane with tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP),the Co-LTL and Mn-LTL gave a 40%–48%KA oil(cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol)yield as well as nearly 100%TBHP conversion under mild reaction conditions.The reactions were confirmed to be heterogeneous and to have proceeded catalytically.No loss of catalytic activity or leaching of metal active sites ions were observed during 4 reuses.     

New cup-shaped α-cyclodextrin derivatives and a study of their catalytic properties in oxidation reactions

A series of new α-cyclodextrin derivatives with a substituted propylene bridge attached to the 6-O's of the A,D-glucose units are reported. The compounds were prepared from the known 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-methylidene-1,3-dienyl)-hexadeca-O-benzyl-α-cyclodextrin, which was transformed into 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-methyl-1,3-dienyl)-α-cyclodextrin, 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-formyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-dienyl)-α-cyclodextrin, 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-aminomethyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-dienyl)-α-cyclodextrin, 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-hydroxymethylidene-1,3-dienyl)-α-cyclodextrin, 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-formyl-1,3-dienyl)-α-cyclodextrin, 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-carboxy-1,3-dienyl)-α-cyclodextrin and 6^A,6^D-di-O-(prop-2-methoxycarbonyl-1,3-dienyl)-α-cyclodextrin. The new compounds were evaluated for their ability to affect amine and alcohol oxidations in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.     

Effect of the microstructure of Pt/CeO2-TiO2 catalysts on their catalytic properties in CO oxidation

The microstructure of 2% Pt/CeO₂-TiO₂ catalysts has an effect on their catalytic properties in CO oxidation. The nanostructured catalysts as platinum clusters 0.3–0.5 nm in size are the most active. These clusters are stabilized at crystal boundaries formed by irregularly intergrown anatase particles. The catalyst containing platinum particles 2–5 nm in size is less active because of the decrease in the extent of dispersion of platinum and the change of its electron state.     

Density functional study of ethylene oxidation on an Ag(111) surface

The mechanism of ethylene epoxidation on Ag surfaces has been investigated using the density functional method and Ag _n clusters (n = 3 to 10) modeling the Ag(111) surface. The adsorption energy of O₂ to the Ag clusters was strongly dependent on the HOMO level of the cluster, and the clusters with higher HOMO levels afforded larger O₂ adsorption energies. The energetics was investigated for both the molecular and atomic oxygen epoxidation mechanisms. For the atomic oxygen mechanism, epoxidation was found to proceed without an activation energy, whereas a small amount of activation energy (about 5 kcal/mol) was calculated for the molecular oxygen mechanism. Received: 2 July 1998 / Accepted: 9 September 1998 / Published online: 8 February 1999     

Preparation of polyimide/BaTiO3/Ag nanocomposite films via in situ technique and study of their dielectric behavior

Triphase polyimide nanocomposite films were fabricated using barium titanate （BaTiO3） with high dielectric constant and silver （Ag） with high conductivity as fillers. In situ method was utilized to obtain the homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles. The in situ polymerization of polyimide precursor-poly（amic acid） was performed in the presence of BaTiO3 particles. Silver compound 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentadionato silver（I） was added into the BaTiO3 containing poly（amic acid） solution to achieve silver nanoparticles via in situ self metallization technique. The thermally induced reduction converted silver （I） to metallic silver with concomitant imidization of poly（amic acid） to polyimide. Both BaTiO3 and silver nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the polyimide substrate. The dependence of dielectric behavior on the BaTiO3 and Ag contents was studied. The incorporation of small amount of silver nanoparticles greatly increased dielectric constant of composite films.     

Influence of chemical composition of carbon catalysts on their adsorptive properties in catalytic oxidation of o-xylene

It has been established that o-xylene chemisorption on coals requires the presence of nucleophylic surface sites. Selectivity in o-xylene oxidation over carbon catalysts depends not only on their structure, but also on their surface functional groups.

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Effect of chemical modification of VPO catalysts on their acid-base and catalytic properties in the oxidation ofn-pentane

Controlled modification of the VPO catalyst gives rise to a new route in the partial oxidation of n-pentane leading to citraconic (methylmaleic) anhydride.L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institue of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki 31, 252039 Kiev, Ukraine. Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Nezapominaek St., Krakow, Poland. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 186–189, May–June, 1996. Original article submitted July 12, 1995.     

Preparation of Ru-doped SnO2-supported Pt catalysts and their electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation

Ru-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical precipitation and calcinations at 823 K. Due to high stability in diluted acidic solution, Ru-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were selected as the catalyst support and second catalyst for methanol electrooxidation. The micrograph, elemental composition, and structure of the Ru-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The electrocatalytic properties of the Ru-doped SnO2-supported Pt catalyst (Pt/Ru-doped SnO2) for methanol oxidation have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Under the same loading mass of Pt, the Pt/Ru-doped SnO2 catalyst shows better electrocatalytic performance than the Pt/SnO2 catalyst and the best atomic ratio of Ru to Sn in Ru-doped SnO2 is 1/75. Additionally, the Pt/Ru-doped SnO2 catalyst possesses good long-term cycle stability.     

Ni/CeO2-SiO2催化剂的制备、表征及其甲烷部分氧化制合成气性能

以硝酸亚铈（Ce（NO₃）₃·6H₂O）和正硅酸四乙酯（C₈H₂₀O₄Si）为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了系列具有大比表面积的xCeO₂-（1-x）SiO₂（x = 0,0.25,0.50,0.75,1）复合氧化物载体,然后浸渍活性组分Ni制得用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气的Ni催化剂。运用N₂物理吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、氢程序升温还原、氨程序升温脱附和热重等手段对所得催化剂的组织结构、还原性、表面酸性和积炭行为等进行了表征;同时考察了催化剂的组成、焙烧温度和反应时间等对催化剂在甲烷部分氧化制合成气中催化性能的影响。表征结果表明,该系列Ni/CeO₂-SiO₂催化剂具有大比表面积,CeO₂晶粒较小,NiO的分散性好且易被还原,表面酸性弱,不容易积炭。当Ce/Si摩尔比为1：1,活性组分Ni的质量分数为10%,焙烧温度为700℃时,所制备的Ni/CeO₂-SiO₂催化剂表现出较好的稳定性、最高的CH₄转化率（~84%）和对产物CO及H₂的选择性（>87%）。     

Co/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂的制备及甲烷部分氧化制合成气

利用共沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固溶体载体,然后浸渍不同质量分数(10%、20%、30%)的活性组分钴,制备了系列Co/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂催化剂。利用N₂物理吸附(BET)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、H₂-程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 、透射电子显微镜(TEM) 、 程序升温氧化(TPO)和热重(TG)等手段对制备和反应后的催化剂进行了表征,研究了它们对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化性能。研究结果表明,铈锆固溶体负载的钴比较容易被还原,该系列催化剂具有较高的活性和对H₂及CO的选择性,且随Co含量的增加,催化剂的活性和对H₂和CO的选择性得到提高的同时,也增强了催化剂的抗积炭性能。     

Rh-TPPTS/CTAB-MMT催化剂的制备及其催化长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应性能研究

通过浸渍法将水溶性铑膦配合物(Rh-TPPTS)负载到由十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)修饰的蒙脱土(MMT)上,制备出Rh-TPPTS/CTAB-MMT负载型催化剂.采用XRD,FTIR,TG,BET,31P CP-MAS NMR和分散性实验对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:水溶性铑膦配合物成功地负载到有机MMT上,并且该催化剂在有机溶剂中具有很好的分散性.该催化剂对于1-癸烯的氢甲酰化反应具有好的催化活性.在100℃、4 MPa、甲苯为溶剂的条件下,催化1-癸烯氢甲酰化可获得93.0%的转化率,95.8%的醛的选择性,2.1的正异比,137 h-1的TOF值.并对不同链长烯烃底物进行了考察.随着烯烃碳链的增加,醛的选择性下降,但是正异比有所增加.     

Preparation of monodisperse polystyrene/silver composite microspheres and their catalytic properties

This article presents a facile method for the preparation of polystyrene/silver (PS/Ag) composite microspheres. In this approach, monodisperse PS spheres were synthesized via dispersion polymerization and modified by sulfonation to obtain sulfonated PS spheres with sulfonic acid groups on the surfaces, and then adsorbed Sn²⁺ ions by electrostatic interaction and used as templates. PS/Ag composite microspheres were prepared successively by addition of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ complex ions to the templates dispersion, adsorbing to the surfaces of templates, and then reduction of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ complex ions to Ag nanoparticles by sodium potassium tartrate. The results showed that monodisperse PS spheres with sulfonic acid groups on the surfaces were coated by an incomplete and nonuniform coverage of Ag nanoparticles in the absence of Sn²⁺ ions. In the presence of Sn²⁺ ions, however, complete and uniform Ag nanoparticles coatings were obtained on the entire PS sphere. And the deposition density and size of Ag nanoparticles can be controlled by [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ concentration. The resulting PS/Ag composite microspheres were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, and UV-vis. Preliminary catalytical tests indicated these PS/Ag composite microspheres showed good catalytic properties.     

Preparation of Au/Ag multilayers via layer-by-layer self-assembly in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes and their catalytic activity

Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes(SPBs) consisting of polystyrene(PS) core and poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride)(PAEMH) shell were prepared by photo-emulsion polymerization. Au nanoparticles(Au-NPs) with controlled size and size distribution were synthesized in situ using SPBs as nanoreactors. Via layer-by-layer deposition technique on the surface of SPBs, nano-composite particles with Au/Ag-NPs bilayer and Au/Ag/Au-NPs trilayer were prepared. The structures of the as-prepared Au/Ag multilayer SPBs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, ICP-AES and DLS. The charge reversal of the nano-composite particles observed by zeta potential confirmed the success of layer-by-layer assembly. The Au/Ag-NPs bilayer nano-composite particles showed high catalytic efficiency with an apparent activation energy of about 41.2 k J/mol in the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the existence of sodium borohydride monitored. The catalytic activity of Au/Ag-NPs multilayer SPBs close to that of Au-NPs SPBs and much higher than that of Ag-NPs SPBs reveals its potential applications in cost-effective catalysts with high-performance.     

大孔FCC催化剂的制备及裂化性能研究

利用聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒和脱油残渣(VR)乳液为模板剂制备了大孔重油催化裂化催化剂,与未加模板的参比催化剂相比,比表面积分别增加了38.0%和46.2%,孔体积分别增加了20.6%和35.8%,平均孔径分别增加了54.5%和27.3%。微反评价结果表明,大孔催化剂活性较高,对重油的转化率分别提高了9.8%和12.2%,总液收分别提高了10.2%和7.3%。与参比催化剂相比,积炭后PS颗粒和VR乳液模板大孔催化剂的活性有一定程度的降低,但是当积炭量相同时,大孔催化剂的重油转化率和总液体产物收率都比参比催化剂要高,且两类大孔催化剂的数据比较接近。催化剂的基质经模板扩孔后,由于具有微孔-介孔-大孔的梯度孔分布,孔径分布更加合理,重油分子在催化剂孔道内的扩散速率更快,容炭能力更强,所以大孔催化剂具有较好的裂化性能。     

Steady state catalytic properties and oxygen binding energy of cadmium-molybdenum catalysts in methanol oxidation

On normal cadmium molybdate the products of methanol oxidation are primarily CO₂ and H₂. After the introduction of excess MoO₃ to reach Mo/Cd=1.2, methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde and carbon monoxide via a consecutive scheme. The oxygen binding energy in the steady state for the first sample is by 30 kcal/mol higher than that for the second catalyst. The activation energies of methanol conversion are 11.5 and 20 kcal/mol, respectively.

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CO₂ H₂. MoO₃ Mo/Cd=1, 2 . 1- 30 / , , , , 11,5 20 /.

     

XPS study of the surface properties and Ni particle size determination of Ni‐supported catalysts

The surface properties of Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalysts doped with Ce or Pr were analyzed by XPS after treatment in an inert and reductive atmosphere at 400 °C. The Ce‐promoted solids presented the Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ couple on the surface even after treatment in a reductive atmosphere, H₂(5%)/Ar. The promotion effect of Ce on these solids could be associated with their participation on the carbon deposition‐removal mechanism. Pr‐doped catalysts showed a very high concentration of Pr³⁺ under a reductive atmosphere and the redox behavior associated with the carbon removal could be partially inhibited or become slower. The size of the Ni⁰ particles after both an inert and a reductive atmosphere was estimated by XPS intensity ratio using the model proposed by Davis. The results obtained from the Davis model showed that an important increase occurred in Ni particle size after treatment in H₂(5%)/Ar for the Pr‐promoted solids. The metal sintering under reductive atmosphere could be the reason for the higher loss of activity of the Pr‐doped solids under reforming conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Size-controlled deposition of Ag nanoparticles on alumina with the assistance of a photo-induced chromic reaction, and study of their catalytic properties

This paper describes a promising method to synthesize supported metal catalysts based on a photochromic reaction. Highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean diameter of ca. 10 nm stabilized by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) were prepared as a colloidal precursor solution. The zeta electric potential was found to be negatively charged in the region of pH higher than 5 due to the presence of dissociated carboxylate ions (-COO(-)), which led to electric repulsion between Ag NPs and kept the solution in a highly dispersed colloidal state. In the presence of photochromic molecules, trans-2-hydroxychalcone, the photo-irradiation gradually decreased the electric charge on the nanoparticles owing to the formation of flavylium cations, which induced the assembly of Ag NPs. Such photo-induced assembly-dispersion control of Ag NPs enables size selective deposition on a catalyst support, which is controlled by varying the photo-irradiation time.     

大孔-介孔Ag/PDA/MMS复合材料的制备及其催化性能

用双模板法制备了介孔纳米薄膜构筑的毫米级尺寸的大孔-介孔SiO₂(MMS),通过多巴胺(DA)在其孔道表面氧化自聚合成聚多巴胺(PDA),得到PDA修饰的MMS(PDA/MMS),再经PDA原位还原Ag+制得大孔-介孔Ag/PDA/MMS复合材料。应用扫描电镜、透射电镜、N2吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、UV-Vis、FT-IR和热重技术对所制得的材料进行表征。结果表明,MMS兼具纳米介孔材料和宏观尺寸大孔材料的优点。Ag/PDA/MMS在催化还原对硝基苯酚(4-NP)反应中展现出高催化活性,转化频率(TOF)达2.97 min^-1。这归因于其独特的结构：相互连通的大孔孔道大大降低了传质阻力,短孔道的介孔显著增加了活性位点的可达性,大的比表面积为反应物提供了大量的活性位点。而且,毫米级尺寸的Ag/PDA/MMS可以很容易从反应体系中分离出来,在5次循环后仍能将4-NP完全转化为对氨基苯酚(4-AP)。另外,Ag/PDA/MMS对亚甲基蓝(MB)的还原也有良好的催化效果。