A question of Gol’dberg concerning entire functions with prescribed zeros

Let (z_j) be a sequence of complex numbers satisfying |z_j|→ ∞ asj → ∞ and denote by n(r) the number of z_j satisfying |z_j|≤ r. Suppose that lim inf_{r → ⇈} log n(r)/ logr > 0. Let ϕ be a positive, non-decreasing function satisfying ∫^∞ (ϕ(t)t logt)⁻¹ dt < ∞. It is proved that there exists an entire functionf whose zeros are the z_j such that log log M(r,f) = o((log n(r))²ϕ(log n(r))) asr → ∞ outside some exceptional set of finite logarithmic measure, and that the integral condition on ϕ is best possible here. These results answer a question by A. A. Gol’dberg.     

Growth conditions for entire functions with only bounded Fatou components

Let f be a transcendental entire function of order less than 1/2. Denote the maximum and minimum modulus of f by M(r, f) = max{|f(z)|: |z| = r} and m(r, f) = min{|f(z)|: |z| = r}. We obtain a minimum modulus condition satisfied by many f of order zero that implies all Fatou components are bounded. A special case of our result is that if

Abelian groups as endomorphic modules over their endomorphism ring

Let R be an associative ring with a unit and N be a left R-module. The set M _R(N) = {f: N → N | f(rx) = rf(x), r ∈ R, x ∈ N} is a near-ring with respect to the operations of addition and composition and contains the ring E _R(N) of all endomorphisms of the R-module N. The R-module N is endomorphic if M _R(N) = E _R(N). We call an Abelian group endomorphic if it is an endomorphic module over its endomorphism ring. In this paper, we find endomorphic Abelian groups in the classes of all separable torsion-free groups, torsion groups, almost completely decomposable torsion-free groups, and indecomposable torsion-free groups of rank 2. __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 229–233, 2007.     

The Exact Hausdorff Measure Function of the Level Sets of Multi-parameter Symmetric Stable Process

In this paper, we investigate the Hausdorff measure for level sets of N-parameter Rd-valued stable processes, and develop a means of seeking the exact Hausdorff measure function for level sets of N-parameter Rd-valued stable processes. We show that the exact Hausdorff measure function of level sets of N-parameter Rd-valued symmetric stable processes of index α is Ф（r） = r^N-d/α （log log l/r）d/α when Nα 〉 d. In addition, we obtain a sharp lower bound for the Hausdorff measure of level sets of general （N, d, α） strictly stable processes.     

Punishing Factors for Finitely Connected Domains

Let Ω and Π be two finitely connected hyperbolic domains in the complex plane \Bbb C{\Bbb C} and let R(z, Ω) denote the hyperbolic radius of Ω at z and R(w, Π) the hyperbolic radius of Π at w. We consider functions f that are analytic in Ω and such that all values f(z) lie in the domain Π. This set of analytic functions is denoted by A(Ω, Π). We prove among other things that the quantities C_n(W,P) := sup_{f ? A(W,P)}sup_{z ? W}\frac|f⁽ⁿ⁾(z)| R(f(z),P)n! (R(z,W))ⁿC_n(\Omega,\Pi)\,:=\,\sup_{f\in A(\Omega,\Pi)}\sup_{z\in \Omega}\frac{\vert f^{(n)}(z)\vert\,R(f(z),\Pi)}{n!\,(R(z,\Omega))^n} are finite for all n ? \Bbb N{n \in {\Bbb N}} if and only if ∂Ω and ∂Π do not contain isolated points.     

On the order of growth of solutions of algebraic differential equations

Assume thatf is an integer transcendental solution of the differential equationP _n (z, f, f′)=P _n−1(z, f, f′, ... f ^(p)), whereP _n andP _n−1 are polynomials in all variables, the degree ofP _n with respect tof andf′ is equal ton, and the degree ofP _n−1 with respect tof, f′, ... f ^(p) is at mostn−1. We prove that the order ρ of growth off satisfies the relation 1/2≤ρ<∞. We also prove that if ρ=1/2, then, for a certain real ν, in the domain {z: ν<argz<ν+2π}/E _*, whereE _* is a certain set of disks with finite sum of radii, the estimate lnf(z)=z ^1/2 (β+o(1)), β∈C, holds forz=re ^iϕ,r≥r(ϕ)≥0. Furthermore, on the ray {z: argz=ν}, the following relation is true: ln‖f(re ^iν)‖=o(r ^1/2),r→+∞,r>0, , where Δ is a certain set on the semiaxisr>0 with mes Δ<∞. “L'vivs'ka Politekhnika” University, Lvov. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 69–77, January, 1999.     

On Order Types of Systems of Segments in the Plane

Let r(n) denote the largest integer such that every family C\mathcal{C} of n pairwise disjoint segments in the plane in general position has r(n) members whose order type can be represented by points. Pach and Tóth gave a construction that shows r(n) < n ^log8/log9 (Pach and Tóth 2009). They also stated that one can apply the Erdős–Szekeres theorem for convex sets in Pach and Tóth (Discrete Comput Geom 19:437–445, 1998) to obtain r(n) > log₁₆ n. In this note, we will show that r(n) > cn ^1/4 for some absolute constant c.     

Normal families and shared functions of meromorphic functions

Let k be a positive integer, let M be a positive number, let F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D, all of whose zeros are of multiplicity at least k, and let h be a holomorphic function in D, h ≢ 0. If, for every f ∈ F, f and f ^(k) share 0, and |f(z)| ≥ M whenever f ^(k)(z) = h(z), then F is normal in D. The condition that f and f ^(k) share 0 cannot be weakened, and the condition that |f(z)| ≥ M whenever f ^(k)(z) = h(z) cannot be replaced by the condition that |f(z)| ≥ 0 whenever f ^(k)(z) = h(z). This improves some results due to Fang and Zalcman [2] etc.     

Complete rank theorem of advanced calculus and singularities of bounded linear operators

Let E and F be Banach spaces, f: U ⊂ E → F be a map of C ^r (r ⩾ 1), x ₀ ∈ U, and ft (x ₀) denote the FréLechet differential of f at x ₀. Suppose that f′(x ₀) is double split, Rank(f′(x ₀)) = ∞, dimN(f′(_{x 0})) > 0 and codimR(f′(x ₀)) s> 0. The rank theorem in advanced calculus asks to answer what properties of f ensure that f(x) is conjugate to f′(x ₀) near x ₀. We have proved that the conclusion of the theorem is equivalent to one kind of singularities for bounded linear operators, i.e., x ₀ is a locally fine point for f′(x) or generalized regular point of f(x); so, a complete rank theorem in advanced calculus is established, i.e., a sufficient and necessary condition such that the conclusion of the theorem to be held is given.      

On the existence of entire functions of boundedl-index andl-regular growth

We prove that, under certain conditions on a positive functionl continuous on [0, +∞], there exists an entire transcendental functionf of boundedl-index such that lnlnM _f(r)lnL(r),r→∞, whereM _f (r)=max {|f(z)|: |z|=r} andL(r)=∫ ₀ ^r l(t)dt. Ifl(r)=r ^p-1 forr≥1, 0<ρ<∞, then there exists an entire functionf of boundedl-index such thatM _f (r)≈r ^p . Lvov University, Lvov. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 1166–1182, September, 1996.     

Sard’s theorem for mappings between Fréchet manifolds

We prove an infinite-dimensional version of Sard’s theorem for Fréchet manifolds. Let M (respectively, N) be a bounded Fréchet manifold with compatible metric d _M (respectively, d _N ) modeled on Fréchet spaces E (respectively, F) with standard metrics. Let f : M → N be an MC ^k -Lipschitz–Fredholm map with k > max{Ind f, 0}: Then the set of regular values of f is residual in N.     

Immagini inverse dei gruppi di omotopia

Riassunto SeM edN sono varietà poliedriche chiuse connesse ed orientate di dimensioni rispettivem edn, conm≥n>2, edf∶M→N è una trasformazione continua, allora per ognir, minore din e non inferiore a 2, si definisce un omomorfismo indotto ϕ_rπ:_r (N)→H _m-n+r (M) dal quale si ricavano certi invarianti topologici.

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Résumé Soientm≥n>r≥2 des entiers etM, N des variétés polyédrales closes connexes orientées satisfaisant dimM=m et dimN=n, de plusH _i(M) le groupe de Betti à i dimensions deM,M,π _i (N) le groupe de Hurewicz ài dimensions deN, etf∶M→N une application continue. Alorsf définit, pour,r=2, 3, …n−1, un homomorphisme réciproque ϕ_rπ:_r (N)→H _m-n+r (M) comme il suit. Etant donné un élément α du groupe π_r (N) et uner-sphère continue orientéeS de α, on peut supposer quef ⁻¹(S) soit un polyèdre finiA àm−n+r dimensions. Parf est induit dansA un (m−n+r)-cyclez à coefficients entiers, et la classe d'homologie dez est justement l'image ϕr(α) de α par ϕr. Pourr=1, on obtient un homomorphisme réciproque ϕ_rπ:_r (N)→H _m-n+r (M) du groupe fondamentalF(N) deN dans le groupe d'homologie àm−n+1 dimensions deM. A l'aide des homomorphismes ϕ,,ϕ2,ϕ,3...,ϕn-i, on parvient à certaines expressions caractéristiques dépendantes seulement de la classe d'homotopie def, en particulier on obtient des constantes pour les images des bases de Betti deM, pour Fimage du groupe de torsion deM, et pour l'image réciproque du groupe fondamental deN.

     

On factorization of meromorphic functions

This paper improves on the results of Noda, Y., Li Baoqing and Song Quodong, and proves the following theorem: Letf(z) be a transcendental meromorphic function. Then the set {a∈C;(z−a)f(z) is not prime} is at most a countable set.     

Invariant functions in Denjoy–Carleman classes

Let V be a real finite dimensional representation of a compact Lie group G. It is well known that the algebra of G-invariant polynomials on V is finitely generated, say by σ ₁, . . . , σ _p . Schwarz (Topology 14:63–68, 1975) proved that each G-invariant C ^∞-function f on V has the form f = F(σ ₁, . . . , σ _p ) for a C ^∞-function F on . We investigate this representation within the framework of Denjoy–Carleman classes. One can in general not expect that f and F lie in the same Denjoy–Carleman class C ^M (with M = (M _k )). For finite groups G and (more generally) for polar representations V, we show that for each G-invariant f of class C ^M there is an F of class C ^N such that f = F(σ ₁, . . . , σ _p ), if N is strongly regular and satisfies

Properties of generalised juxtapolynomials

GivenF(z),f ₁(z), ..,f _n(z) defined on a finite point setE, and givenB — the set of generalised polynomials Σ _k ^=1/n a _kf_k(z) — the definition of a juxtapolynomial is extended in the following manner: for a fixedλ(0<λ≦1),f(z) εB is called a generalizedλ-weak juxtapolynomial toF(z) onE if and only if there exists nog(z) εB for whichg(z)=F(z) wheneverf(z)=F(z) and |g(z)−F(z) |<λ|f(z)−F(z)| wheneverf(z)≠F(z). The properties of suchf(z) are investigated with particular attention given to the real case. This note is an extension of a part of the author’s M.Sc. Thesis under the supervision of Prof. B. Grünbaum to whom the author wishes to express his sincerest appreciation. The author also wishes to thank Dr. J. Lindenstrauss for his valuable remarks in the preparation of this paper.     

A distortion theorem for the class of typically real functions

The paper continues the studies of the well-known class T of typically real functions f(z) in the disk U = {z:|z| < 1}. The region of values of the system {f(z ₀), f(z ₀), f(r ₁), f(r ₂),…, f(r _n )} in the class T is investigated. Here, z ₀ ∈ U, Im z ₀ ≠ 0, 0 < r _j  < 1 for j = 1,…, n, n ≥ 2. As a corollary, the region of values of f′(z ₀) in the class of functions f ∈ T with fixed values f(z ₀) and f(r _j ) (j = 1,…, n) is determined. The proof is based on the criterion of solvability of the power problem of moments. Bibliography: 10 titles. Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 357, 2008, pp. 33–45.     

Functions of Two Variables with Large Tangent Plane Sets

We show that there exist a C¹function,f, of two variables and a setE ⊆ R²of zero Lebesgue measure such that using the natural three-dimensional parametrization of planesz = ax + by + ctangent to the surfacez = f(x, y), the (three-dimensional) interior of the set of parameter values, (a, b, c), of tangent planes corresponding to points (x, y) inEis nonempty. From the Morse–Sard theorem it follows that there are no such C²functions. We also study briefly the relationship of our example with the Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem.     

The Generalised Dyson Circular Unitary Ensemble: Asymptotic Distribution of the Eigenvalues at the Origin of the Spectrum

The first part of this paper is devoted to the study of F_N{\Phi_N} the orthogonal polynomials on the circle, with respect to a weight of type f = (1 − cos θ) ^α c where c is a sufficiently smooth function and ${\alpha > -\frac{1}{2}}${\alpha > -\frac{1}{2}}. We obtain an asymptotic expansion of the coefficients F^*(p)_N(1){\Phi^{*(p)}_{N}(1)} for all integer p where F^*_N{\Phi^*_N} is defined by F^*_N (z) = z^N [`(F)]_N(\frac1z) (z 1 0){\Phi^*_N (z) = z^N \bar \Phi_N(\frac{1}{z})\ (z \not=0)}. These results allow us to obtain an asymptotic expansion of the associated Christofel–Darboux kernel, and to compute the distribution of the eigenvalues of a family of random unitary matrices. The proof of the results related to the orthogonal polynomials are essentially based on the inversion of the Toeplitz matrix associated to the symbol f.     

The minimizing of the Nielsen root classes

Given a map f: X→Y and a Nielsen root class, there is a number associated to this root class, which is the minimal number of points among all root classes which are H-related to the given one for all homotopies H of the map f. We show that for maps between closed surfaces it is possible to deform f such that all the Nielsen root classes have cardinality equal to the minimal number if and only if either N R[f]≤1, or N R[f]>1 and f satisfies the Wecken property. Here N R[f] denotes the Nielsen root number. The condition “f satisfies the Wecken property is known to be equivalent to |deg(f)|≤N R[f]/(1−χ(M ₂)−χ(M ₁0/(1−χ(M ₂)) for maps between closed orientable surfaces. In the case of nonorientable surfaces the condition is A(f)≤N R[f]/(1−χ(M ₂)−χ(M ₂)/(1−χ(M ₂)). Also we construct, for each integer n≥3, an example of a map f: K _n →N from an n-dimensionally connected complex of dimension n to an n-dimensional manifold such that we cannot deform f in a way that all the Nielsen root classes reach the minimal number of points at the same time.     

Order bounded derivations on Archimedean almost <Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis> -algebras

Let A be an Archimedean f -algebra and let N(A) be the set of all nilpotent elements of A. Colville et al. [6] proved that a positive linear map D : A → A is a derivation if and only if D(A) ì N(A){D(A)\subset N(A)} and D(A ²) = {0}, where A ² is the set of all products ab in A. In this paper, we establish a result corresponding to the Colville–Davis–Keimel theorem for an order bounded derivation D on an Archimedean almost f -algebra, which generalizes the results of Boulabiar [3].