Congruences involving Bernoulli and Euler numbers

Let [x] be the integral part of x. Let p>5 be a prime. In the paper we mainly determine , , and in terms of Euler and Bernoulli numbers. For example, we have

     

New identities involving Bernoulli and Euler polynomials

Using the finite difference calculus and differentiation, we obtain several new identities for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials; some extend Miki's and Matiyasevich's identities, while others generalize a symmetric relation observed by Woodcock and some results due to Sun.     

Universal Kummer congruences mod prime powers

We have previously proved Kummer congruences mod primes p such that for the universal divided Bernoulli numbers . In this paper we strengthen these congruences to hold mod powers of p.     

Symmetric identities on Bernoulli polynomials

In this paper, we obtain a generalization of an identity due to Carlitz on Bernoulli polynomials. Then we use this generalized formula to derive two symmetric identities which reduce to some known identities on Bernoulli polynomials and Bernoulli numbers, including the Miki identity.     

On explicit formulae for Bernoulli numbers and their counterparts in positive characteristic

We employ the basic properties for the Hasse-Teichmüller derivatives to give simple proofs of known explicit formulae for Bernoulli numbers (of higher order) and then obtain some parallel results for their counterparts in positive characteristic.     

Congruences for sums of binomial coefficients

Let q>1 and m>0 be relatively prime integers. We find an explicit period νm(q) such that for any integers n>0 and r we have

     

Bernoulli convolutions associated with certain non-Pisot numbers

The Bernoulli convolution ν_λ measure is shown to be absolutely continuous with L² density for almost all , and singular if λ⁻¹ is a Pisot number. It is an open question whether the Pisot type Bernoulli convolutions are the only singular ones. In this paper, we construct a family of non-Pisot type Bernoulli convolutions ν_λ such that their density functions, if they exist, are not L². We also construct other Bernoulli convolutions whose density functions, if they exist, behave rather badly.     

A summation on Bernoulli numbers

In this paper, our aim is to investigate the summation form of Bernoulli numbers B_n, such as . We derive some basic identities among them. These numbers can form a Seidel matrix. The upper diagonal elements of this Seidel matrix are called “the median Bernoulli numbers”. We determine the prime divisors of their numerators and denominators. And we characterize their ordinary generating function as the unique solution of some functional equation. At last, we also obtain the continued fraction representation of their ordinary generating function and their value of Hankel determinant.     

Bernoulli matrix and its algebraic properties

In this paper, we define the generalized Bernoulli polynomial matrix B^(α)(x) and the Bernoulli matrix B. Using some properties of Bernoulli polynomials and numbers, a product formula of B^(α)(x) and the inverse of B were given. It is shown that not only B(x)=P[x]B, where P[x] is the generalized Pascal matrix, but also B(x)=FM(x)=N(x)F, where F is the Fibonacci matrix, M(x) and N(x) are the (n+1)×(n+1) lower triangular matrices whose (i,j)-entries are and , respectively. From these formulas, several interesting identities involving the Fibonacci numbers and the Bernoulli polynomials and numbers are obtained. The relationships are established about Bernoulli, Fibonacci and Vandermonde matrices.     

Arakawa-Kaneko L-functions and generalized poly-Bernoulli polynomials

We introduce and investigate generalized poly-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. We state and prove several properties satisfied by these polynomials. The generalized poly-Bernoulli numbers are algebraic numbers. We introduce and study the Arakawa-Kaneko L-functions. The non-positive integer values of the complex variable s of these L-functions are expressed rationally in terms of generalized poly-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. Furthermore, we prove difference and Raabe?s type formulae for these L-functions.     

Cubic and quartic congruences modulo a prime

Let p>3 be a prime, and denote the number of solutions of the congruence . In this paper, using the third-order recurring sequences we determine the values of N_p(x³+a₁x²+a₂x+a₃) and N_p(x⁴+ax²+bx+c), and construct the solutions of the corresponding congruences, where a₁,a₂,a₃,a,b,c are integers.     

A complete determination of Rabinowitsch polynomials

Let m be a positive integer and fm(x) be a polynomial of the form fm(x)=x²+x−m. We call a polynomial fm(x) a Rabinowitsch polynomial if for and consecutive integers x=x₀,x₀+1,…,x₀+s−1, |fm(x)| is either 1 or prime. In this paper, we show that there are exactly 14 Rabinowitsch polynomials fm(x).     

Annihilating polynomials of excellent quadratic forms

If φ is an excellent form, then it is possible to use the dimensions of the higher complements of φ to obtain an annihilating polynomial of φ of low degree. The main result of this paper is the construction of such a polynomial with the help of methods from the theory of generic splitting of quadratic forms. Received: 23 April 2007     

Curious congruences related to the Bell polynomials

In this paper we give some congruences on the r-derangement polynomials (defined below), Lah polynomials and some versions of Bell numbers and polynomials.     

A note on the 3-rank of quadratic fields

The difference between the 3-rank of the ideal class group of an imaginary quadratic field and that of the associated real quadratic field is equal to 0 or 1. In this note, we give an infinite family of examples in each case.Received: 9 September 2002     

On the ratios of the terms of second order linear recurrences

Research (partially) supported by Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research (OTKA) grant No. 273.     

The fourth power of the Fermat quotient

Let p be an odd prime and qp(a)=(ap−1−1)/p be the Fermat quotient with base a, p?a. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the fourth power problem of qp(2) and deduce an explicit formula represented by a linear combination of Mirimanoff polynomial values.