汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真

摘要：降低汽车空腔的振动,是抑制汽车车内噪声的有效途径之一。以激振器、作动器和控制器等为主要部件,搭建了简化的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,该系统通过将汽车空腔模型简化为板件,以减弱板件振动为目标,实现了汽车车内噪声主动控制。采用简谐正弦及余弦信号作为激振器发出的激励,用于模拟板件的初始振动,控制器通过采用模糊控制算法直接控制压电陶瓷作动器的振动,压电陶瓷作动器的振动用于抑制板件的振动,完成了汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真。仿真结果表明,研究采用的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,使汽车空腔振动降低23%,为解决由汽车发动机和动力总成的振动所引发的汽车车内噪声问题提供了一个有效途径。     

粉碎机的噪声降低

粉碎机噪声,属于撞击性机械噪声源。本文对常用的一种粉碎机进行了系统地噪声和振动分析,结果证明,粉碎机高达118 dBA的噪声,主要由于高速旋转的钢齿撞击声以空气声形式通过开口辐射产生的,机壳的振动和固体传声不起重要作用。采用开口式消声器处理后,噪声已由118dBA降低到80 dBA。这个例子可以表明,噪声控制一定要对具体噪声作具体分析,有针对性地采取措施,即使粉碎机一类的撞击性机械声源,也能有效地进行控制。     

怠速工况下燃油系统的噪声评价和改善*

在实车怠速工况下的噪声振动性能评价过程中,燃油系统是发动机诸多子系统当中一个重要的声源。针对这一子系统产生的车内脉动噪声偏大的问题,总结出了对燃油类液体的脉动噪声振动控制机理、原因及诊断方法。首先,采用在燃油轨内追加阻尼器的方案很好地抑制了谐频噪声;然后,从燃油泵这一主要激振源出发,提出了设定燃油泵单品噪声振动、声品质等目标值的策略,即从源头上控制关键产品的噪声性能。在此基础之上,与之相应的解决方案实施之后,怠速工况下的车内噪声提升到了较好的水平,而且,燃油系统噪声的主观评价结论也认为得到了明显改善。     

环境噪声对儿童短时记忆力和注意力的影响

通过实验室研究探讨了不同噪声源在不同声压级条件下对儿童短时记忆力和注意力的影响。在每一个实验中都选取了30名710岁的儿童作为被试,在他们完成相应认知任务的同时,用耳机随机播放3565 dBA的交通噪声、白噪声和空调噪声,考察各种噪声条件对被试认知成绩和主观烦恼度的影响。研究结果表明,噪声对儿童的影响主要体现在主观烦恼度的变化上,不同的噪声条件并没有引起作业成绩的显著差异。影响儿童主观烦恼度的主要因素是声压级,随着声压级的增大,儿童的烦恼度会增加,当声压级在4550 dBA时,儿童对噪声开始产生烦恼感,当声压级在6065 dBA时,儿童对噪声产生了较显著的烦恼感。声压级对儿童烦恼度的影响没有随着噪声源的改变而改变。在相同的噪声条件下,短时记忆力实验中儿童的主观烦恼度都高于注意力实验,说明随着认知过程复杂程度的增加,噪声引起的烦恼度会相应增加。      

交通噪声对中小学生课堂行为的影响

一些调查结果表明,城市中的中小学校受环境噪声的干扰严重,尤其是交通噪声。我们对不同噪声级(40至70dBA)下学生课堂行为作了一系列的心理学实验,和汉语清晰度测验。所得结果经单因子方差分析和t检验来考核(用高级统计软件RDAS)不同结果之间差异的显著性,从而可得出当噪声级L_(eq)超过50dBA,或是L_(10)>55dBA,L_(50)>50dBA时,学生课堂行为会出现显著性差异(P<0.05)。另外还利用RBAS软件进行了皮尔逊(简单)相关分析,了解到上述心理学实验各作业指标之间的相关性并不很大,说明大部分作业不能相互替代,选择这些作业是必要的。本研究结果表明,教室内最大容许噪声级定为L_(10)=55dBA,L_(50)=50dBA是合适的。     

车内噪声品质主客观评价探究式教学实验

基于探究式教学思想,针对"汽车噪声分析与控制技术及应用"课程,面向车辆工程专业学生设计了汽车车内噪声品质主客观评价探究式教学实验,且开发了车内噪声心理声学评价指标分析计算的辅助教学软件,可在实际汽车内先通过丹麦B&K公司3560型噪声采集系统进行实验测试,然后在实验室内回放进行车内声品质的主客观分析评价. 实验过程中学生在了解车内噪声心理声学主、客观评价指标的基础上,主动参与车内噪声测量和主、客观评价两部分实践环节,促进对理论课相关知识的理解.     

某汽车传动系扭振测试、诊断与数据处理分析

本文针对某轻型卡车由于传动系扭振导致加速过程中驾驶室内出现异常振动与轰鸣噪声现象进行研究。首先,为弄清车内振动噪声产生机理,对整车的扭振和车内振动噪声进行了实车道路试验;其次,对整车试验异常数据进行后处理,通过低通滤波和设置电压波动缓冲区的方法对其进行去噪和再生成,消除了加速工况下转速曲线失速和异常峰值的现象;最后,通过分析转速、振动和噪声数据得出：样车加速过程中发动机2阶激励频率达到整车传动系的固有频率时,引起了传动系扭转共振,连同传动轴的不平衡转动自振,通过悬置、中间支撑和后桥板簧传入到车内,引起驾驶室异常振动和轰鸣噪声。     

高速列车噪声与速度关系变化分析

随着高速列车运行速度的提升,高速列车内部噪声过高的问题日益突出,识别高速列车在高速运行时主要噪声来源对减振降噪非常重要。本文针对我国高速列车CRH380B型车,在多工况的实车运行状态下进行噪声振动测试研究,并利用速度指数拟合进行计算。得到了我国CRH380B型高速列车不同的噪声随速度指数变化的规律和车内车外的过渡速度区。该结果能够对高速列车噪声来源识别提供参考,为高速列车的车厢内部低噪声设计提供依据。     

基于传递路径的变速箱噪声分析

变速箱噪声是常见的噪声问题。该文建立了变速箱噪声的传递路径分析模型,分析得出左传动轴是某车型变速箱阶次噪声的主要传递路径。研究左传动轴的振动传递特性并开展模态试验分析,识别出传动轴弯曲模态和问题频率耦合。通过增加吸振器降低了传动轴的响应,并开展道路试验和主观评价,表明问题得到有效解决。     

液体水中O-H 弯曲振动能量弛豫的数值

应用分子动力学模拟方法研究了液相水中水分子O-H弯曲振动能量弛豫的机理. 采用刚性和柔性溶剂模型来探讨振动能量弛豫的不同通道. 研究发现，刚性溶剂中O?H弯曲振动泛频的弛豫时间为174 fs而柔性溶剂中为115 fs. O-H 弯曲振动泛频振动能量弛豫的主要途径是跃迁O?H 弯曲振动基频. O-H弯曲振动基频的弛豫时间为204 fs，与实验值170 fs符合得较好.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.