基于变分模态分解与多尺度排列熵的生物组织变性识别

根据高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗中超声散射回波信号的特点,本文利用变分模态分解(VMD)与多尺度排列熵(MPE)对生物组织变性识别进行了研究.首先对生物组织中的超声散射回波信号进行变分模态分解,根据各阶模态的功率谱信息熵值分离出噪声分量和有用分量;对分离出的有用信号进行重构并提取其多尺度排列熵;然后通过Gustafson-Kessel (GK)模糊聚类确定聚类中心,采用欧氏贴近度与择近原则对生物组织进行变性识别.将所提方法应用于HIFU治疗中超声散射回波信号实验数据,用遗传算法对多尺度排列熵的参数优化后,对293例未变性组织和变性组织的超声散射回波信号数据进行了多尺度排列熵分析,发现变性组织的超声散射回波信号的多尺度排列熵值要高于未变性组织;多尺度排列熵可以较好地识别生物组织是否变性.相对于EMD-MPE-GK模糊聚类以及VMD-小波熵(WE)-GK模糊聚类变性识别方法,本文所提方法中变性与未变性组织特征交叠区域数据点更少,聚类效果和分类性能更好;本实验环境下生物组织变性识别结果表明,该方法的识别率更高,高达93.81%.     

非线性超声射频信号熵对乳腺结节良恶性的定征

本文提出了一种基于非线性超声射频(radio frequency, RF)信号熵对乳腺结节良恶性进行定征的方法.对306例乳腺结节样本(良性158例,恶性148例)提取了基于超声RF信号二次谐波的熵和加权熵,以及常规超声参数(图像灰度、纵横比、不规则度、乳腺结节大小、深度);采用t检验和线性分类器检测参数对乳腺结节良恶性的区分度;进一步将有效参数组合输入支持向量机对乳腺结节良恶性进行分类.结果表明:除图像灰度外,其余参数均在乳腺结节的良性与恶性间有显著差异.多参数结合输入支持向量机的良恶性分类的准确率、敏感性和特异性分别为81.4%, 78.4%和84.2%.本文工作表明非线性超声RF信号的熵可有效地定征乳腺结节的良恶性,有望成为乳腺结节良恶性定征新参量.     

ISG-FHEV等效燃油消耗最小控制策略

针对室内复杂环境下火灾识别准确率会降低的问题,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法优化支持向量机参数进行火灾火焰识别的方法。首先在 颜色空间进行火焰图像分割,对获得的火焰图像进行预处理并提取相关特征量;其次采用PSO算法搜索SVM的最优核参数和惩罚因子,并在PSO算法中加入变异操作和非线性动态调整惯性权值的方法,加快了搜索SVM最优参数的精度和速度;然后将提取的火焰各个特征量作为训练样本输入SVM模型进行训练,并建立参数优化后的SVM分类器模型;最后将待测试样本输入SVM模型进行分类识别。算法的火灾识别准确率达到94.09%,分类效果明显优于其他分类算法。仿真结果表明,改进的PSO优化SVM算法提高了火焰识别的准确率和实时性,算法的自适应性更强,误判率更低。     

基于空化辐射噪声的检测方法实验研究

空化空蚀严重影响水利设备的正常工作和使用寿命,为此本文研究了基于水听器信号的水泵空化检测方法,从空化噪声辐射基本特性出发,分析并选取强度、脉冲以及频谱结构等特征参数组成最优分类特征向量,使其既有较强的稳定性,也有较好的灵敏度。以此特征向量训练获得的支持向量机(SVM)分类器进行水泵空化状态识别准确率平均能有99.6%。检测其他结构水泵的空化,识别准确率也在96.5%以上。在较高环境噪声单一能量特征无法识别的情况下,依然有较好的识别准确率。表明该方法对不同结构的水泵及较高环境噪声具有一定的鲁棒性,有较好的应用价值。     

基于改进的PSO优化SVM火灾火焰识别算法研究

针对室内复杂环境下火灾识别准确率会降低的问题,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法优化支持向量机参数进行火灾火焰识别的方法;首先在YCrCb颜色空间进行火焰图像分割,对获得的火焰图像进行预处理并提取相关特征量;其次采用PSO算法搜索SVM的最优核参数和惩罚因子,并在PSO算法中加入变异操作和非线性动态调整惯性权值的方法,加快了搜索SVM最优参数的精度和速度;然后将提取的火焰各个特征量作为训练样本输入SVM模型进行训练,并建立参数优化后的SVM分类器模型;最后将待测试样本输入SVM模型进行分类识别;算法的火灾识别准确率达到94.09%,分类效果明显优于其他分类算法;仿真结果表明,改进的PSO优化SVM算法提高了火焰识别的准确率和实时性,算法的自适应性更强,误判率更低。     

多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型中与Glauber-Lachs态相互作用原子的熵压缩

利用全量子理论,研究了多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型中与Glauber-Lachs态相互作用的混合态原子的信息熵压缩。讨论了相干平均光子数、热平均光子数、跃迁光子数、原子初态参量对原子信息熵压缩的影响。结果表明原子信息熵 分量没有熵压缩性质;相干平均光子数取值适当时,原子信息熵 分量呈现熵压缩效应;热平均光子数、跃迁光子数会破坏原子信息熵 分量的熵压缩效应;原子初态参量对原子信息熵 分量能否呈现熵压缩效应没有决定性作用;伴随双光子跃迁时,原子的熵压缩因子的时间演化曲线呈现周期性。     

多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型中与Glauber-Lachs态相互作用原子的熵压缩

利用全量子理论,研究了多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型中与Glauber-Lachs态相互作用的混合态原子的信息熵压缩.讨论了相干平均光子数、热平均光子数、跃迁光子数、原子初态参量对原子信息熵压缩的影响.结果表明原子信息熵X分量没有熵压缩性质;相干平均光子数取值适当时,原子信息熵Y分量呈现熵压缩效应;热平均光子数、跃迁光子数会破坏原子信息熵Y分量的熵压缩效应;原子初态参量对原子信息熵Y分量能否呈现熵压缩效应没有决定性作用;伴随双光子跃迁时,原子的熵压缩因子的时间演化曲线呈现周期性.     

光纤传能的移动式激光诱导击穿光谱钢铁快速检测与分类

为了实现工业现场对特种钢材的快速检测与种类识别,采用基于光纤传能的移动式激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）样机对14种特种钢材进行光谱数据的采集与分析,采用预选谱线并遍历组合的降维方法与支持向量机(SVM)相结合的算法对特钢材料的光谱进行快速分类。分别将原始光谱数据、归一化处理后的光谱数据、归一化处理+遍历组合优选谱线数据作为SVM分类模型的输入向量,并对比了不同输入向量下模型对特钢识别的准确度。结果表明：在事先选出的51条特征谱线作为输入变量的基础上,归一化光谱数据作为SVM分类模型的输入特征时,识别准确度达到95.71%,明显高于使用原始光谱数据作为输入向量时SVM分类模型的准确度11.43%。进一步地,使用MATLAB程序遍历谱线组合,通过遍历各种谱线组合选出最优的输入谱线组合,当优选6条特定的谱线时,对特钢种类识别的准确度达到100%,且建模速度也有相应提升。可以看出,当预选出大量常见特征数据时,机器自动选取特征与人工挑选谱线相比,具有明显优势,基于此降维方法的SVM算法模型在LIBS快速分类技术中具有很好的工业应用前景。     

基于相位敏感型光时域反射仪的除尘器破袋检漏及定位技术

针对水泥生产行业中袋式除尘器破袋检漏定位问题,提出了基于分布式光纤振动传感的检漏定位方法。分布式光纤振动传感系统灵敏度高,可以检测到布袋破损后粉尘气流对光纤产生的微振动信号,以此判断布袋是否破损,并通过时域差分法来定位破袋。搭建了一套相位敏感型光时域反射仪(φ-OTDR),通过室内模拟得出该系统最大信噪比为10dB,实际空间分辨率为23.7m,同时验证了该系统能响应低频粉尘气流扰动信号。在现场平台实验基础上,结合支持向量机(SVM)算法对现场测试数据进行识别分类,平均破袋识别准确率可达97.8%。结合φ-OTDR分布式系统与SVM算法可有效解决袋式除尘器破袋检漏定位问题。     

支持向量机复合核函数的高光谱显微成像木材树种分类

采用体视显微高光谱成像方法,构建木材树种分类识别模型。利用SOC710VP体视显微高光谱图像采集系统获取可见光/近红外（372.53～1 038.57 nm）波段内的木材高光谱图像。首先,采用ENVI软件提取木材样本感兴趣区域（ROI）的平均光谱,分别采用连续投影算法（SPA）和竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)对光谱数据进行降维。再利用支持向量机（SVM）分别建立木材样本采集波段和特征波长下的分类模型。然后,在空间维采用第一主成分图像,计算基于灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）的木材纹理特征。在0°,45°,90°和135°四个方向计算能量、熵、惯性矩、相关性等16个特征参数后输入SVM进行木材树种分类处理。最后,采用四个复合核函数SVM进行光谱维和空间维的特征融合及分类识别。20个树种的分类实验结果表明,CARS的特征波长选择效果和运行速度较好一些,采用普通SVM进行木材光谱维特征分类处理时,测试集分类准确率达到了92.166 7%。采用基于GLCM的木材空间维纹理特征时,采用普通SVM的测试集分类准确率是60.333 0%,具有较低的分类精度。在将光谱维和空间维纹理特征进行数据融合及分类处理时,采用复合核函数SVM分类具有更好的效果。采用第二个复合核函数的SVM分类精度最高,测试集分类正确率是94.166 7%,运行时间为0.254 7 s。另外,采用第一个和第三个复合核函数的SVM的测试集分类准确率分别是93.333 3%和92.610 0%,运行时间分别为0.180 0和0.260 2 s。可以看出,采用这3种复合核函数的SVM进行木材树种分类,分类精度都高于采用普通SVM的光谱维或者空间维的分类识别精度。因此,利用体视显微高光谱成像和复合核函数SVM可以提高木材树种分类精度,为木材树种快速分类提供了参考。     

Support Vector Machine on Fluorescence Landscapes for Breast Cancer Diagnostics

Excitation-emission matrices (EEM) and total synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS) of normal and malignant breast tissue specimens are measured in UV-VIS spectral region to serve as data inputs in development of Support Vector Machine (SVM) based breast cancer diagnostics tool. Various input data combinations are tested for classification accuracy using SVM prediction against histopathology findings to discover the best combination regarding diagnostics sensitivity and specificity. It is shown that with EEM data SVM provided 67?% sensitivity and 62?% specificity diagnostics. With SFS data SVM provided 100?% sensitivity and specificity for a several input data combinations. Among these combinations those that require minimal data inputs are identified.     

基于超声RF信号的甲状腺结节智能诊断方法*

由于人口老龄化的原因,甲状腺癌的发病率增长率在所有癌症中是最为显著的。因此,对存在癌变可能的甲状腺结节进行预检查显得尤为重要,而超声智能诊断系统在甲状腺结节早期筛查方面已展现出巨大的应用前景。该文的工作旨在提出一种基于超声原始射频信号的组织参数定征和人工神经网络相结合的甲状腺结节智能诊断方法,以提高临床超声诊察效率及准确性。为达成上述目的,该文使用滑动窗口图像分析方法和多兴趣区覆盖的方法提取组织定征参数作为特征,使用人工神经网络进行良恶性分类,并对可能影响分类准确性的相关因素进行参数相关性分析。结果显示,基于临床样本,该文提出的智能诊断方法可达到93.2%敏感度、94.0%特异性和93.5%准确率。该方法一定程度上克服了传统方法无法充分利用图像局部细节信息的不足,有效提高了诊察效率和准确性;另一方面,与深度神经网络相比,本方法对计算资源和样本量的需求较少。因此有望在该文研究基础上最终建立一套可实际用于甲状腺结节的预筛查的临床智能诊断系统。     

Detecting Unfavorable Driving States in Electroencephalography Based on a PCA Sample Entropy Feature and Multiple Classification Algorithms

Unfavorable driving states can cause a large number of vehicle crashes and are significant factors in leading to traffic accidents. Hence, the aim of this research is to design a robust system to detect unfavorable driving states based on sample entropy feature analysis and multiple classification algorithms. Multi-channel Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are recorded from 16 participants while performing two types of driving tasks. For the purpose of selecting optimal feature sets for classification, principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted for reducing dimensionality of feature sets. Multiple classification algorithms, namely, K nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) are employed to improve the accuracy of unfavorable driving state detection. We use 10-fold cross-validation to assess the performance of the proposed systems. It is found that the proposed detection system, based on PCA features and the cubic SVM classification algorithm, shows robustness as it obtains the highest accuracy of 97.81%, sensitivity of 96.93%, specificity of 98.73% and precision of 98.75%. Experimental results show that the system we designed can effectively monitor unfavorable driving states.     

基于频率切片小波变换和支持向量机的癫痫脑电信号自动检测

实现癫痫脑电信号的自动检测对癫痫的临床诊断和治疗具有重要意义.本文提出先使用频率切片小波变换分离出5个不同频段的节律信号,再分别计算每个节律信号的近似熵和相邻节律的波动指数,最后使用遗传算法优化的支持向量机进行分类.实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够对正常、癫痫发作间期和癫痫发作期三种脑电信号进行准确分类,分类准确率为98.33%.     

Individual identification using multi-metric of DTI in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

Accurate identification of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild cognitive impairment(MCI) is crucial so as to improve diagnosis techniques and to better understand the neurodegenerative process. In this work, we aim to apply the machine learning method to individual identification and identify the discriminate features associated with AD and MCI. Diffusion tensor imaging scans of 48 patients with AD, 39 patients with late MCI, 75 patients with early MCI, and 51 age-matched healthy controls(HCs) are acquired from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. In addition to the common fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity metrics, there are two novel metrics,named local diffusion homogeneity that used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kendall's coefficient concordance,which are taken as classification metrics. The recursive feature elimination method for support vector machine(SVM)and logistic regression(LR) combined with leave-one-out cross validation are applied to determine the optimal feature dimensions. Then the SVM and LR methods perform the classification process and compare the classification performance.The results show that not only can the multi-type combined metrics obtain higher accuracy than the single metric, but also the SVM classifier with multi-type combined metrics has better classification performance than the LR classifier.Statistically, the average accuracy of the combined metric is more than 92% for all between-group comparisons of SVM classifier. In addition to the high recognition rate, significant differences are found in the statistical analysis of cognitive scores between groups. We further execute the permutation test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve to validate the robustness of the classifiers, and indicate that the SVM classifier is more stable and efficient than the LR classifier. Finally, the uncinated fasciculus, cingulum, corpus callosum, corona radiate, external capsule, and internal capsule have been regarded as the most important white matter tracts to identify AD, MCI, and HC. Our findings reveal a guidance role for machine-learning based image analysis on clinical diagnosis.     

Composite Multivariate Multi-Scale Permutation Entropy and Laplacian Score Based Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing

As a powerful tool for measuring complexity and randomness, multivariate multi-scale permutation entropy (MMPE) has been widely applied to the feature representation and extraction of multi-channel signals. However, MMPE still has some intrinsic shortcomings that exist in the coarse-grained procedure, and it lacks the precise estimation of entropy value. To address these issues, in this paper a novel non-linear dynamic method named composite multivariate multi-scale permutation entropy (CMMPE) is proposed, for optimizing insufficient coarse-grained process in MMPE, and thus to avoid the loss of information. The simulated signals are used to verify the validity of CMMPE by comparing it with the often-used MMPE method. An intelligent fault diagnosis method is then put forward on the basis of CMMPE, Laplacian score (LS), and bat optimization algorithm-based support vector machine (BA-SVM). Finally, the proposed fault diagnosis method is utilized to analyze the test data of rolling bearings and is then compared with the MMPE, multivariate multi-scale multiscale entropy (MMFE), and multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) based fault diagnosis methods. The results indicate that the proposed fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing can achieve effective identification of fault categories and is superior to comparative methods.     

基于单细胞拉曼技术鉴定非结核分枝杆菌的方法研究

非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是除结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTC）和麻风分支杆菌以外的分枝杆菌总称。近年来NTM导致人类感染的发病率不断上升,其感染的临床症状与MTC感染极为相似,但两者治疗方案却存在差异,临床亟须快速、准确的鉴定方法用于诊断NTM感染。单细胞拉曼光谱技术（SCRS）具有非标记、免培养、快速、准确、低成本等优势。据此,我们提出了一种基于显微共聚焦单细胞拉曼光谱技术鉴定NTM的方法。通过对临床常见的六种NTM（脓肿分枝杆菌、戈登分枝杆菌、偶发分枝杆菌、土分枝杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌以及堪萨斯分枝杆菌）的拉曼光谱进行处理比较,并结合峰位注释进行分析。采用无监督低维可视化的t-分布式随机邻域嵌入方法展示六种NTM的拉曼数据结构,证明其数据在低维空间上的可分性后,比较分类中常用的六种分类器[支持向量机分析(SVM)、K最近邻分类算法(KNN)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)、随机森林(RF)、线性判别分析(LDA)、XG Boost]的效果。SVM和LDA在NTM分类中效果最好,分别达到了99.4%和98.8%的测试准确率;SVM仅对于堪萨斯分枝杆菌（97.96%,48/49）的分类准确性略低,其余均为100%;LDA对于脓肿分枝杆菌（95.65%,22/23）和戈登分枝杆菌（96.30%,26/27）,其余也均为100%。因此,单细胞拉曼检测结合SVM分类器为NTM快速准确鉴定提供了富有潜力的新工具。     

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on VMD-MPE and PSO-SVM

The goal of the paper is to present a solution to improve the fault detection accuracy of rolling bearings. The method is based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) and the particle swarm optimization-based support vector machine (PSO-SVM). Firstly, the original bearing vibration signal is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) by using the VMD method, and the feature energy ratio (FER) criterion is introduced to reconstruct the bearing vibration signal. Secondly, the multiscale permutation entropy of the reconstructed signal is calculated to construct multidimensional feature vectors. Finally, the constructed multidimensional feature vector is fed into the PSO-SVM classification model for automatic identification of different fault patterns of the rolling bearing. Two experimental cases are adopted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a higher identification accuracy compared with some similar available methods (e.g., variational mode decomposition-based multiscale sample entropy (VMD-MSE), variational mode decomposition-based multiscale fuzzy entropy (VMD-MFE), empirical mode decomposition-based multiscale permutation entropy (EMD-MPE) and wavelet transform-based multiscale permutation entropy (WT-MPE)).     

Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Using Multi-Domain Feature Fusion of Multi-Channel Heart Sound Signals

Heart sound signals reflect valuable information about heart condition. Previous studies have suggested that the information contained in single-channel heart sound signals can be used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD). But accuracy based on single-channel heart sound signal is not satisfactory. This paper proposed a method based on multi-domain feature fusion of multi-channel heart sound signals, in which entropy features and cross entropy features are also included. A total of 36 subjects enrolled in the data collection, including 21 CAD patients and 15 non-CAD subjects. For each subject, five-channel heart sound signals were recorded synchronously for 5 min. After data segmentation and quality evaluation, 553 samples were left in the CAD group and 438 samples in the non-CAD group. The time-domain, frequency-domain, entropy, and cross entropy features were extracted. After feature selection, the optimal feature set was fed into the support vector machine for classification. The results showed that from single-channel to multi-channel, the classification accuracy has increased from 78.75% to 86.70%. After adding entropy features and cross entropy features, the classification accuracy continued to increase to 90.92%. The study indicated that the method based on multi-domain feature fusion of multi-channel heart sound signals could provide more information for CAD detection, and entropy features and cross entropy features played an important role in it.