单原子Cr、Fe和Ni催化乙炔环三聚反应机理研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了 Cr、Fe和Ni 3种金属原子催化乙炔环三聚生成苯的反应机理.结果表明,Cr、Fe和Ni催化体系均表现出自旋翻转现象,Cr原子催化乙炔环三聚过程在自旋七重态和五重态势能面上进行,速率控制步骤为形成铬金属七元环;Fe和Ni催化体系的速率控制步骤为两分子乙炔耦合过程.Cr催化体系表现出远高...     

乙炔在烯烃歧化催化剂上的聚合

近年来文献中出现了一些以歧化催化剂用于炔烃聚合的尝试^[1-4],例如以WCl₆-ph₄Sn、MoCl₅-ph₄Sn体系进行炔烃聚合反应,均有活性。我们在烯烃均相催化歧化反应的研究中,试探了将此类催化剂用于乙炔聚合,结果是:(1)试验过的7种催化体系均能使乙炔聚合,生成黑色不溶的高分子,红外光谱测定表明,得到的聚乙炔是顺式和反式结构的混合物,此外,部分乙炔尚三聚环化成苯;(2)不同催化剂作用下乙炔聚合和烯烃歧化的活性和选择性没有平行关系;(3)几种催化体系对乙炔高聚和环化三聚的选择性不同(见表1)。     

超临界二氧化碳介质中溴化钯催化炔烃环三聚反应

研究了以超临界二氧化碳为反应介质溴化钯催化炔烃环三聚反应的新方法.研究结果表明:二氧化碳介质中使用溴化钯为催化剂可以顺利地催化炔烃发生环三聚反应,区域选择性生成含苯环芳香族化合物.     

过渡金属催化的炔烃芳构化反应

综述了过渡金属催化的炔烃环三聚芳构化反应的历史沿革及最新研究进展，并 重点对含有不同电性取代基的炔烃环三聚反应、几种典型的催化体系和作用机理、 该领域的一些前沿热点作了评述．     

钯催化的炔烃芳构化反应研究

综述了钯络合物催化的炔烃环三聚芳构化反应的历史沿革及最新研究进展,并结合该研究小组的工作,重点阐述了钯催化炔烃 [ 2+2+2 ] 环三聚芳构化、双炔烃、共轭烯炔 [ 4+2 ] 芳构化反应。同时对反应的几种典型催化体系和反应机理,以及该领域的一些前沿热点也作了综述。     

超临界二氧化碳中羰基钴催化的端基炔烃环三聚反应研究

原子经济性良好的炔烃[2+2+2]环加成反应与绿色溶剂超临界二氧化碳相结合,是一个符合绿色化学原则的环境友好反应过程.建立了一个纯超临界二氧化碳介质中八羰基二钴催化的端基炔烃环三聚反应体系,在优化的反应条件下,以较高产率选择性地制备1,2,4-三取代苯衍生物.优化了催化剂用量、二氧化碳压力、反应温度及时间等反应条件,讨论了反应物料及催化剂在超临界二氧化碳介质中的溶解性和相行为,提出了端基炔烃环三聚反应机理,并将反应底物从C≡C键拓展至C≡N键,对超临界二氧化碳介质中炔-腈环加成反应进行了初步探索.优化出的炔烃环三聚催化反应体系无需使用有机助溶剂和各类助剂,底物适应性好,产物选择性高,为合成1,2,4-三取代苯衍生物提供了一种绿色合成方法.     

聚乙二醇中1-辛炔的环三聚反应

在绿色反应介质聚乙二醇中,PdCl2／CuCl2催化体系可以顺利地催化1-辛炔发生环三聚反应,区域选择性地生成1,3,5-三己基苯,该反应产率较高,对环境友好,且催化体系可以适当地重复使用．     

2-(1-环己烯基)环己酮的合成

以酸或碱做催化剂，环己酮自身催化缩合生成以2-(1-环己烯基)环己酮为主的缩合产物，同时还生成2-环己亚烷基环己酮，以及副产物三聚物。考察了使用酸、碱在不同反应条件下的缩合反应，试验表明，硫酸做催化剂的工艺较为可取。     

取代联吡啶钌配合物对末端炔烃的催化环三聚作用

RuCl3·3H2O分别与6,6’-二甲基-2,2’-联吡啶(dmbp)和2,2’-联吡啶-6,6’-二甲醛(bpda)反应生成[cisRu(L)2Cl2]Cl·2H2O(L=dmbp,bpda),进一步用CF3SO3Ag脱氯得到[cis-Ru(L)2(H2O)2](CF3SO3)3.研究了4种配合物对1-己炔、苯乙炔和丙炔酸乙酯的催化环三聚作用,发现脱氯后的含水配合物催化活性有显著提高;体系中有水存在时,丙炔酸乙酯环三聚具有很强的区域选择性.催化机理研究表明,该催化过程为催化[2+2+2]环加成反应.钌杂环庚三烯或7-钌杂双环[2.2.1]-2,5-庚二烯是关键中间体,联吡啶配体上的6-甲酰基取代基水合后通过与丙炔酸乙酯的羰基形成分子内氢键影响环三聚产物的区域选择性.     

溶剂和杂多酸盐中季铵阳离子对环已烯环氧化反应上转移催化的影响

考察了溶剂和催化剂Q3[PO4（WO3）4]中季铵盐阳离子对环已烯环氧化反应的影响，在环已烯环氧化反应中，以氯仿和叔丁醇为溶剂时，环氧化反应的结果最好，当催化剂中季铵盐阳离子的碳数适合时，才能形成反应控制相转移催化过程，催化剂本身不溶于反应体系，但在过氧化氢的作用下形成可溶于反应体系的活性物种，均相地催化环氧化反应，当过氧化氢消耗尽时，催化剂又恢复到起始结构并从反应体系中析出。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

Features of the mechanism of oxidative dehydrodimerization of propynol

Analysis of kinetic regularities for the propynol oxidative coupling under the action of cupric salts in pyridine and in the presence of a buffer is undertaken. The reaction mechanism, including the formation of Cu(I) acetylides, is considered.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.