钾元素单脉冲和双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱研究

基于自行研制的新型液体射流的激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)实验装置,研究了实验条件(如积分延时、脉冲间隔、激光能量等)对K元素单脉冲LIBS和双脉冲LIBS等离子发射的影响.实验得知相对单脉冲激光激发,双脉冲激光激发可以显著提高等离子体发射谱线强度,增加谱线强度的衰减时间,提高LIBS数据的稳定性.通过最佳实验条件下K766.49nm谱线强度随溶液浓度的分析,得到该实验系统中,双脉冲激光激发时K元素的检测灵敏度和检测限约是单脉冲激光激发时的37倍.实验结果为双脉冲LIBS技术应用于水体金属的检测提供了一定依据.     

单脉冲和再加热正交双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱对比研究

为了提高激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)的检测灵敏度和辐射光谱特性,采用再加热正交双脉冲结构对样品中的4种元素Fe,Pb,Ca和Mg以及含有不同浓度重金属元素Cr的土壤样品进行分析。研究了4条特征谱线FeⅠ：404.581 nm,PbⅠ：405.78 nm,CaⅠ：422.67 nm和MgⅠ：518.361 nm的光谱强度和信背比随两激光脉冲之间时间间隔的变化关系,获得了两激光脉冲之间最佳的时间间隔为1.0 μs。在单脉冲和双脉冲条件下,得到了4条特征谱线FeⅠ：404.581 nm,PbⅠ：405.78 nm,CaⅠ：422.67 nm和MgⅠ：518.361 nm光谱强度的增强倍数分别为2.23,2.31,2.42和2.10;分析了特征谱线FeⅠ：404.581 nm和CaⅠ：422.67 nm谱线强度随时间的演化特性以及4条特征谱线信背比随光谱采集延时的变化关系,双脉冲能有效延长光谱强度的衰减时间以及提高特征谱线的信背比;比较分析了等离子体温度和电子密度随时间的演化特性,在双脉冲条件下,等离子体温度最大升高了730 K,电子密度最大增加了1.8×1016 cm-3。单脉冲和双脉冲条件下获得重金属元素Cr的检测限分别为38和20 μg·g-1,再加热正交双脉冲技术使元素检测限下降近2倍。以上结果表明：再加热正交双脉冲能有效地提升LIBS技术的检测灵敏度和光谱特性,为进一步降低元素的检测限提供了有效的方法。     

共线双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱技术检测铝合金中的Cr和Mn

采用两台波长1064 nm的调Q脉冲Nd ∶YAG激光器和多通道小型光纤光栅光谱仪,建立了一套共线双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱分析装置。与单脉冲激光诱导技术相比,在最佳双脉冲时间延时8 μs时,Mn I 403.07 nm和Cr I 425.43 nm的光谱强度分别增加了14.3倍和17.2倍,以这两条谱线为分析线,铝合金中Mn和Cr的检测限分别由单脉冲时的73和94.5 μg/g降低至双脉冲时的3.76和4.26 μg/g,检测灵敏度提高了约20倍。     

Ni原子双飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱的信号增强研究

在大气环境下采用波长为800nm,脉宽为30fs的飞秒激光研究了Ni的双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱,与单飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱相比,双飞秒脉冲在最优的双脉冲相对延时下,其信号强度增强接近10倍,实验研究了双脉冲相对延时在0-1300ps范围内不同延时对激光诱导击穿光谱信号强度增强因子的影响。整个相对延时区域可以分为三个阶段：在0-50ps区域内信号增强因子是一个持续增大的过程,在50ps左右,达到一个最大值;在50-300ps区域内,信号增强因子呈现出一个先下降后上升的过程;在300-1300ps,信号增强因子基本保持不变。     

Ni原子双飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱的信号增强研究

在大气环境下采用波长为800nm,脉宽为30fs的飞秒激光研究了Ni的双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱,与单飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱相比,双飞秒脉冲在最优的双脉冲相对延时下,其信号强度增强接近10倍,实验研究了双脉冲相对延时在0-1300ps范围内不同延时对激光诱导击穿光谱信号强度增强因子的影响。整个相对延时区域可以分为三个阶段：在0-50ps区域内信号增强因子是一个持续增大的过程,在50ps左右,达到一个最大值;在50-300ps区域内,信号增强因子呈现出一个先下降后上升的过程;在300-1300ps,信号增强因子基本保持不变。     

土壤中重金属元素的双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱研究

基于正交预烧蚀双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱(DP-LIBS) 技术对长春市四个地点地表土壤样品中的重金属元素进行了研究, 根据光谱线强度定性分析了重金属元素Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb含量.实验结果发现, 在532和1064 nm激光脉冲能量分别为70和100 mJ的条件下光谱增强随延时的变化出现双峰结构. 脉冲间延时20 μs时, Mn I 406.4 nm光谱增强幅度达到2.75倍, 延时为30 μs时出现第二个尖峰, 增强幅度为2.4倍.最后对正交预烧蚀DP-LIBS光谱增强机理进行了讨论. 关键词： 预烧蚀 双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱 光谱增强 土壤污染     

基于一种远程双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱系统原位分析钢样成分

为了实现钢铁等金属熔炼过程中实时、在线监测元素组分含量,设计了一种远程双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)分析系统,对远距离的样品进行非接触式远程测量、成分分析。首先利用固体标准钢样对系统进行了测试以及标定,为下一步利用此系统在线监测熔融钢液组分含量提供了基础。实验结果表明：激光远距离聚焦光斑在1 mm左右;双脉冲烧蚀比单脉冲烧蚀深度深很多;双脉冲最佳延时在不同距离下不一致;3.1 m处双脉冲增强效果比2.1 m处更好,其中Ti(Ⅰ)319.99 nm增强最显著为5.19倍;各种元素的标定曲线相关系数r都在0.99左右,重复精度(RSD)基本都小于5%,测量偏差(RMSE)都小于0.021%,2.1 m处的检出限相比3.1 m处更低,2.1 m处多数元素检出限小于500 ppm。     

激光诱导击穿光谱技术及应用研究进展

激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）技术是一种基于原子发射光谱学的元素定性、定量检测手段。本文介绍了LIBS技术的原理、应用方式、检测元素种类及检测极限;综述了该项技术在固体、液体、气体组分检测方面的技术发展,以及在环境检测、食品安全、生物医药、材料、军事、太空领域的应用进展。最后,提出了高功率、高稳定的激光光源和准确的定量分析方法是LIBS技术目前所面临的问题和挑战。     

液相基质中微量金属元素Pb的激光诱导击穿光谱研究

通过单脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱技术（LIBS）,测定了Pb（NO3）2水溶液中微量重金属元素Pb的LIBS光谱。实验研究溶液中Pb元素的LIBS光谱信号的时间（300ns-1300ns）演化特性,得到了本实验的优化实验条件,光谱探测相对激光的延时为800ns,单脉冲激光能量35mJ。在最佳实验条件下测定Pb微量元素的LIBS定标曲线,计算得到LIBS用于Pb(NO3)2溶液中痕量金属元素分析的检测限为177ppm。     

再加热双脉冲与单脉冲激光诱导Fe等离子体发射光谱实验对比研究

使用单脉冲和再加热双脉冲激光对位于空气中的钢样进行烧蚀激发等离子体,对两种方式产生的光谱进行研究。再加热双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱采用两束激光,一束烧蚀样品激发等离子体,另外一束激光对产生的等离子进行加热。通过对比发现:采用再加热双脉冲激发样品,增强了发射光谱的信号,增大了等离子体的连续光谱,提高了信号的稳定性,十次测量信号的相对标准偏差从5.0%降低到2.0%。另外,还对影响双脉冲信号增强程度的因素进行了分析,研究了光谱的增强程度随两脉冲间隔和采集延时的变化;激发上能级对光谱增强程度的影响,上能级越高增强程度越大。     

Effect of parameters on Si plasma emission in collinear double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Collinear dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was carried out on Si crystal by using a pair of nanosecond Nd:YAG laser sources emitting at 1064 nm. The spectral intensities and signalto-noise ratios of selected Si atomic and ionic lines were used to evaluate the optical emission. The optical emission intensity was recorded while varying the interpulse delay time and energy ratio of the two pulsed lasers. The effects of the data acquisition delay time on the line intensity and signal-to-noise ratio have been investigated as well. Based on the results, the optimal interpulse delay time, energy ratio of the two pulsed lasers, and data acquisition delay time for achieving the maximum atomic and ionic line intensities were found for generation of Si plasma with the collinear dual-pulse laser approach. The dominant mechanism for the observed line intensity variation was also discussed. In addition, the plasma temperature and electron number density at different gate delay times and different interpulse delay times were derived. A significant influence of plasma shielding on the electron temperature and electron number density at shorter interpulse delay times was observed.     

激光诱导击穿光谱增强机制及技术研究进展

激光诱导击穿光谱技术是一种新的材料识别及定量分析技术。但是光谱的重复性低限制其由定性分析向定量分析的发展。因此提高激光诱导等离子光谱信号信噪比及等离子体的空间稳定性对于提高光谱信号的可重复性、降低基体效应等不利因素影响有着积极的作用。同时光谱信号信噪比的增强可降低对激光器输出能量的要求,有效降低了激光诱导击穿光谱集成系统的成本,有利于此技术向更多领域拓展。本文对实验中采用的双脉冲或多脉冲增强,放电脉冲再激发,空间限域,磁场束缚和微波辅助增强四大类方法加以总结及概括。在此基础上深入探讨光谱增强的物理机制,从而为进一步提高光谱信号稳定性及定量化分析的精确度提供有力的理论支持。     

基于飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱探测土壤重金属Cr元素含量

本文基于飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱对土壤重金属Cr元素含量进行了实验研究.利用荧光法对等离子体丝的长度进行测量,给出了在不同焦距聚焦透镜作用下土壤中Cr425.5 nm的谱线强度空间分布,实验给出了Cr元素的定标曲线.实验结果表明,土壤中Cr元素浓度分析测量的相对标准偏差小于5%,土壤中重金属Cr元素的检测极限为7.85 ppm.表明飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱技术在土壤重金属Cr元素含量的定量探测方面是完全可行的.     

水体痕量重金属Ni的激光诱导击穿光谱测量研究

以1 064nm波长Nd∶YAG脉冲激光为激发光源,采用高分辨率、宽光谱段的中阶梯光栅光谱仪和ICCD为谱线分离与探测器件,实验研究了水体中痕量镍元素的激光诱导等离子体光谱发射特性和检测限;为了延长水体中金属元素的激光等离子体光谱发射时间、提高光谱检测灵敏度并减小ns激光作用下水滴溅射的影响,实验中以固体圆饼状石墨块为样品基体进行元素富集,通过在基体表面固定区域滴定固定量的已知不同浓度的硝酸镍溶液,烘干并制备待测样品。研究表明,镍的最佳探测延迟时间在700ns左右,元素谱线强度随着样品浓度的增加而增大并在较低浓度下呈现良好的线性关系,计算得到水体中Ni元素的痕量检测限为0.28,研究结果为进一步开展水体痕量重金属的激光诱导击穿光谱测量提供了方法。     

Laser ablation assisted spark induced breakdown spectroscopy and its application

Recently, laser ablation assisted spark induced breakdown spectroscopy (LA-SIBS) has been growing rapidly and continue to be extended to a broad range of materials analysis. Characterized by employing a specifically designed high voltage and pulse discharge circuit to generate a spark and used to enhance plasma emission produced by laser ablation, allows direct analysis of materials without prior sample preparation. This paper reviews recent development and application of laser ablation assisted spark induced breakdown spectroscopy for material analysis. Following a summary of fundamentals and instrumentation of the LA-SIBS analytical technique, the development and applications of laser ablation assisted spark induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of conducting materials and insulating materials is described.     

The polarization characteristics of single shot nanosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of Al

The polarization-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PRLIBS) technique, which can significantly reduce the polarized emission from laser plasma by placing a polarizer in front of the detector, is a powerful tool to improve the line-to-continuum ratio in LIBS applications. It is shown that the continuum emission from the plasma produced through ablating an Al sample by nanosecond laser pulses is much more polarized than the discrete line emission with the singlepulse PRLIBS technique. The effects of laser fluence and detection angle on the Al polarization spectrum are systematically explored experimentally. The calculated result of the polarization spectrum as a function of laser fluence shows that it is in agreement with the experimental observations.     

激光诱导击穿光谱实验装置的参数优化研究

为了使激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)实验装置中的多个关键参数达到最优化设置,以便更好地服务于煤质分析,实验中对这些参数与煤粉等离子体中待测元素发射谱线信噪比间的关系进行了详细研究,并根据信噪比大小来进行最优化参数的选择.实验结果表明,对于本LIBS实验装置,其最优化参数设置是将激光脉冲能量设为120 mJ·Pulse-1...     

A review of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal enhancement

A review of the methods of signal enhancement in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is presented. Conventional LIBS suffers from disadvantages of low sensitivity and high limits of detection compared with other analytical techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During the last two decades, various methods have been applied to LIBS in order to realize highly quantitative and qualitative analysis. Current approaches include double-pulse excitation, spatial or magnetic confinement, spark discharge, etc. Different configurations of experimental setups and conditions are suggested for the realization of these improved techniques, while various parameters influence significantly on the enhancement effect. With the aim to study the laser ablation process and characterize the effectiveness of each method, several parameters such as plasma volume and emission intensity are reviewed. Several suggestions are proposed to explain the mechanism of each enhancement method. These modified techniques have been applied on various materials and fields.