Determination of the molecular structure of plant phosphatidylcholines taking cyclopropenoid acids into account

Summary The molecular compositions of plant phospholipids have been determined experimentally with the presence of CPAs taken into account for the first time. It has been shown that the phosphatidylcholines of the seeds of the cotton plant of variety 5904-I consist of 45 species, among which the disaturated and saturated-unsaturated types predominate. It has been established that the CPAs form pairs both with the saturated (16:0) and with the unsaturated (18:1, 18:2) acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 307–310, May–June, 1978.     

Determination of the position of the double bonds in the radicals of the fatty acids from hydrogenizates of cottonseed oil

Conclusions 1. Features of the fragmentation of dubinidine and dubinine are explained by the presence of a branched side chain in the dihydrofuran ring.2. The structure of isodubinidine has been elucidated on the basis of its chemical characteristics and UV and mass spectra.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 446–450, 1970     

Biodegradable polymers derived from natural fatty acids

A new class of polyanhydrides synthesized from nonlinear hydrophobic fatty acid esters, based on ricinoleic, maleic acid, and sebacic acid, possessed desired physico-chemical and mechanical properties for use as drug carriers. The polymers were synthesized by melt condensation to yield film-forming polymers with molecular weights exceeding 100,000. Their rate of elimination from rats in the course of about 2 months was faster than that found for similar polyanhydrides previously tested. In vitro studies showed that these polymers underwent rapid degradation in the first 10 days. The drug release followed first-order kinetics, showing a rapid drug release rate in the first 10 days which correlated with the degradation of the polymers. The fatty acid ester monomers underwent in vitro enzymatic degradation to the natural starting acids. Tests in rats demonstrated their toxicological inertness and biodegradability. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

全二维气相色谱-质谱法检测天然奶油和人造奶油中的脂肪酸

建立了天然奶油和人造奶油中37种脂肪酸的全二维气相色谱-质谱检测方法。样品经甲苯提取、乙酰氯-甲醇（1∶9,v/v）溶液甲酯化衍生后,以DB-5柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）为一维柱、BPX-50柱（2.5 m×0.1 mm×0.25 μm）为二维柱进行分离。升温程序为50℃保持2 min,以20℃/min升温至180℃,以2.5℃/min升温至250℃,以3℃/min升温至300℃,保持5 min。在调制周期为5 s、扫描范围为m/z 40~385的条件下,奶油中37种脂肪酸得到了有效分离和准确测定。将该方法应用于实际样品的分析,检测结果比传统的气相色谱法更灵敏,脂肪酸组成也更丰富,可有效鉴别不同种类奶油的差异成分。该方法不仅为奶油中脂肪酸成分分析提供了新的技术手段,同时在保障奶油的质量安全、鉴别掺假伪劣等过程中发挥重要作用。     

Determination of the molecular species of phosphatidylcholines

Summary The molecular compositions of the phosphatidylcholines obtained from the seeds of three plants of the family Cruciferae have been established experimentally.In view of the similarity of the molecular compositions of the phosphatidylcholines obtained experimentally and by calculation, and also taking into account the complexity of the technique for the experimental determination of molecular species, it is possible to limit oneself to the results of the calculation method.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 780–783, November–December, 1977.     

四种油料作物中脂肪酸的测定

建立了拟南芥种子中脂肪酸含量的超声萃取-气相色谱检测方法. 研究探讨了超声时间、加热温度、超声功率、静置萃取时间、萃取剂种类等试验条件对拟南芥种子中脂肪酸含量检测的影响,优化了样品前处理条件及气相色谱检测条件. 结果表明,最优的样品处理条件为：甲酯化超声加热温度90 ℃,超声功率400 W,时间30 min,萃取剂为正己烷,加入萃取剂后4 000 r/min离心5 min. 在最优条件下,脂肪酸分离效果和标准曲线线性关系良好,检出限（LOD）为2.9~21.5 mg/kg,定量限（LOQ）为14.5~94.0 mg/kg,精密度为0.5%~7.9%. 方法所需样品量少,操作简单快速,准确性高,对于部分油料作物如油菜籽、花生、大豆中脂肪酸含量的检测同样适用.     

Determination of slight contamination by D-amino acids in natural amino acids

Conclusions The problem of using gas chromatography for the estimation of slight contamination by D-amino acids in natural L-amino acids has been examined. The threshold amount of D-isomer detectable by the gas chromatographic method, using a drift conpensating integrator, amounts to 0.5%.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2771–2772, December, 1967.     

Surfactants based on fatty acids and other natural hydrophobes

In the search for environmentally safer surfactants from renewable sources, the interest has lately been focused on new fatty acids and derivatives like ethoxylated fatty acid methyl esters and α-sulfo methyl esters. For the latter more efficient production procedures have been developed opening up for new application areas. In parallel, knowledge about the physico-chemical properties of this group of products has steadily grown. Thus fatty acids and soaps have a high potential to remain the biggest surfactant type especially if their use as raw materials is included.     

Determination of uronic acids in natural materials by the decarboxylation method

Summary A preferred variant of the decarboxylation method for the determination of uronic acids is proposed which uses 57% hydriodic acid and the direct nonaqueous titration of the CO₂ formed. The range of concentrations of uronic acids that can be determined is from 2 to 100 µM. The sensitivity of the method is 1.5 µM, its reproducibility 0.6%, and the time of one determination 40–50 min. The proposed variant of the method is applicable to the study of various polysaccharides and other carbohy drate-containing biopolymers.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 10–13, January–February, 1976.     

Determination of free fatty acids by capillary zone electrophoresis

Capillary zone electrophoresis was investigated for the separation of free fatty acids as an alternative to well established techniques such as GC or HPLC. The analysis was performed with indirect UV detection in a counterelectroosmotic flow mode using a diethylbarbiturate carrier electrolyte at a pH between 10 and 11 in a mixed aqueous-organic solvent. Separation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids could be achieved after bromination of the double bonds. Problems with wall adsorption of fatty acids could be overcome by increasing the temperature and using a high concentration of a zwitterionic reagent to inactivate the silica surface. Increased sensitivity could be achieved after preconcentration on alumina. The method was applied to the determination of free fatty acids in dairy products. The advantages compared to traditional methods include short analysis times and simple preparation steps.Dedicated to Univ. Prof. Dr. Karl Winsauer on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Determination of fatty acids in atmospheric samples via GC/MS

Summary Atmospheric precipitation and aerosol samples are characterized by a complex mixture of several organic compounds. A simple method for the simultaneous determination of the main compound classes by GC/MS is presented. In detail, seasonal variations of C₈–C₃₂ fatty acids in precipitation in a semirural area have been studied. Total fatty acids concentrations of 7–53 g/l were detected. Summer rain is characterized by high amounts of fatty acids >C₂₀ and lower amounts of C₁₁–C₂₀ species. Two effects may be responsible: larger emission rates of fatty acids during vegetation periods and an increased influence of vapour phase due to higher temperatures during summer. CPI values showed no general trend; lower CPI values for winter rain could not be observed. This would be expected if anthropogenic sources play an important role. Monounsaturated fatty acids (C_16:1, C_18:1) were more abundant during winter than in summer. High concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (C_18:x) could be detected during summer. High relative concentrations of the potential oxidation products of the unsaturated species, nonanedioic acid and w-oxononanoic acid, are associated with relatively low concentrations of their precursors.     

HPLC-APCI-MS法分析测定白刺籽油中游离脂肪酸

利用荧光衍生试剂1,2-苯并-3,4-二氢咔唑-9-乙基对甲苯磺酸酯(BDETS)作为脂肪酸柱前衍生化试剂,采用梯度洗脱在Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱上对游离脂肪酸(FFA)(油酸、亚油酸、软脂酸和硬脂酸)衍生物进行分离.利用柱后在线的串联质谱以大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式实现了各组分的质谱定性.荧光检测的激发和发射波长分别为λex=333 nm,λem=390 nm.脂肪酸的线性回归系数大于0.9990,检出限为3.38～6.59 nmol/L.建立的方法具有良好的重现性.利用此方法对超临界CO2提取的唐古特白刺籽油中几种游离脂肪酸进行了分析.结果表明白刺籽油中含有大量的游离不饱和脂肪酸.     

Determination of volatile fatty acids in landfill leachates by ion-exclusion chromatography

An ion-exclusion chromatographic method with on-line desalinization for the determination of volatile fatty acids in landfill leachates is described. Highly sensitive conductivity detection of the organic acids was achieved by using dilute p-hydroxybenzoic acid solution as an eluent. Interference with mineral acids was reduced by treatment with barium chloride solution prior to desalinization. A silver-loaded cation-exchange guard column for the desalinization was installed in series with the analytical column to avoid the contamination of organic acids. This method features detection limits of 0.01 mg L(-1) formic acid, 0.02 mg L(-1) acetic acid, 0.05 mg L(-1) propionic acid, and 0.1 mg L(-1) butyric acid, respectively, with an injection of 20 microL sample. Application of the on-line desalinization LC method is illustrated for leachate samples from a Japanese sanitary landfill.     

Determination of iodine value fatty acids by a flow-injection method

An automated method for determining the iodine value for various industrial fatty acids is described. The method is based on flow-injection techniques and the chemistry is a modified version of the standard Wij's solution method. The system is fully computerized with an AIM-65 microcomputer. Two detection system, u.v.-visible absorbance and potentiometric sensing, are compared. Results comparable to the conventional method are obtained. Continuous-run sample throughput rates of 12 h^?1 are eralistic.     

The structure of the phospholipids of the cotton plant and the position specificity of their fatty acids

Summary 1. The structure of the main groups of phospholipids isolated from the seed kernels of the thin-fibered cotton plant of variety S-6029 has been studied.2. The fatty-acid compositions and the position distributions of the fatty acids have been determined, and from the results the possible molecular compositions of the phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols have been calculated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedimenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1976.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定菜籽油中脂肪酸组成

采用FFAP毛细管气相色谱法对菜籽油的各组分进行了定性和定量分析.结果表明菜籽油中至少含有从肉豆蔻酸(C140)至鲨油酸(C240)共15种脂肪酸甘油酯.四次平行分析显示各成分含量的标准偏差低于0.33%,绝对偏差不超过0.70%.