低温微创手术治疗探头周围组织温度分布研究

采用低温方法对人体深部肿瘤进行杀伤时,既要求对肿瘤组织有最大的杀伤效果,又要保证正常组织,特别是一些重要器官组织,能免受冷冻伤害。文中对冷冻治疗探头形成冰球的大小、以及冻结界面周围组织温度分布进行传热分析和测试,以给出安全区和危险区的范围,这可以为外科手术医生设计低温手术方案提供参考依据。     

低温功率器件驱动电路实验研究

低温电力电子技术的发展日益得到重视,主要是由于功率器件(如功率MOSFET和IGBT等)在低温下表现出更好的性能,如更低的通态阻抗,更高的开关频率等.为了实验测试和充分利用功率器件在低温下的这些性能,急需寻找或设计可以在低温下稳定可靠工作的功率器件驱动电路.我们在对目前商业化的驱动芯片进行分析的基础上,从中挑选了三种在低温下进行实验,对其输出波形随温度的变化进行研究,首次发现了可以在-196℃(77K)稳定工作的驱动芯片,其驱动性能基本能够满足低温下驱动功率器件的要求,为功率器件低温特性测试及低温功率变换电路的设计奠定了坚实的基础.     

氩氦刀系统低温探针制冷性能实验研究

氩氦刀系统低温探针的温度及制冷量,主要取决于氩气进气温度和节流压力。文中介绍了氩氦刀低温探针的结构、工作过程以及对5mm直径低温探针的制冷性能试验。试验结果表明,当进气压力为20MPa时,1分钟内探针端部在296.3K的空气中,最低温度可达112.9K;当进气压力为18MPa时,探针在291K的水中5分钟内能够形成4.9cm×2.8cm的椭圆冰球;将预冷进气温度从290.4K降低至274.4K,可以使探针制冷量增加约24%。     

低温制冷技术在光电器件中的应用及发展

】重点论述了与光电子技术的密切相关的低温制冷技术应用及发展 ,叙述了光电器件常用的几种制冷机的主要特点。根据我国光电器件对低温制冷机的需求概况 ,对我国今后制冷机的发展做了初步展望     

低温材料及低温钻杆的研发现状

随着目前深井和超深井的发展,以及北方、西北地区高寒地带油气井的开发,越来越多的钻杆要求具有抵抗低温或者超低温度的性能需要.低温钻杆成为目前极有发展前景的石油工业技术之一.文中在综述低温材料研究现状的基础上,阐述了低温材料钻杆的工艺现状及其发展趋势.     

低温外科设备治疗探针高频钎焊研究

治疗探针是低温外科设备的关键器件.在临床手术过程中,治疗探针的探杆部分(非冷冻区)通常需与人体正常组织紧密接触.为不伤及这些非冷冻组织,对于这种细直径探杆狭小隔层空间的绝热,只能采用高真空加以实现.为获得并维持探杆隔层空间的高真空,必须保证冷冻探针金属组件焊接的质量.文中详细介绍了冷冻探针金属组件的材料处理和高频钎焊技...     

低温光学系统漏热测试方法及试验研究

低温组件的漏热量准确测试对低温光学系统的设计有着重要影响。以工作温度为200K的干涉仪光学组件为研究对象,建立了一套漏热测试方法和热控方案,简化了辐射换热计算过程,通过对热真空试验数据的分析计算出了各项漏热值,分析了影响漏热的主要因素和主要漏热部位,给出了减小系统漏热的改进方案。     

低温原子层沉积氧化铝作为有机电致发光器件的封装薄膜

为了克服传统的原子层深沉积反应温度高于有机材料的玻璃化温度对有机电致发光器件性能产生破坏的缺点,使用低温原子层沉积的方法沉积了Al2O3薄膜,成功地实现了对OLED的薄膜封装。实验中为了抑制环境温度对ALD薄膜均匀性的影响,增加了每个反应周期的抽气时间,从而可以充分地排出反应副产物,抑制了空位的形成,使得薄膜具有较高的均匀性和致密性。微观形貌分析、钙测试以及寿命测试表明,通过增加ALD的PGT,低温制备的薄膜与高温制备的薄膜的均匀性差别较小,且制备过程对OLED器件的光电性能无明显影响。低温制备的薄膜水汽透过率(WVTR)可以达到8.6×10-4g/(m2·d),能够有效地提高有机电致发光器件的寿命。     

非对称型IGBT的低温特性研究

研究表明,半导体材料在低温环境下性能可以得到很大改善.功率MOSFET低温下的优异特性已被深入揭示.本文研究了NPT型IGBT在77～300K之间的特性,实验表明,低温下NPT型IGBT的通态压降,开关损耗都有明显下降,关断拖尾现象也得到明显改善,而门槛电压略有上升.在此基础上,分析了其低温特性的物理机制以及在超导领域的潜在应用.     

兔主动脉低温杨氏模量的实验研究

为进一步完善动脉低温保存过程中为解决低温断裂问题而建立的冻结过程的热应力分析物理模型,本文研究家兔主动脉血管从室温到-80℃温度范围内,杨氏模量随温度的变化情况和加抗冻剂CPA的影响。研究发现兔丰动脉低温冻结状态的杨氏模量随温度的降低而增大;加CPA对兔丰动脉血管冻结状态下的杨氏模量有影响,相同温度情况下加CPA试样的杨氏模量比不加CPA试样的要低。     

Feasibility of diffusional kurtosis tensor imaging in prostate MRI for the assessment of prostate cancer: Preliminary results

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of full diffusional kurtosis tensor imaging (DKI) in prostate MRI in clinical routine. Histopathological correlation was achieved by targeted biopsy.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-one men were prospectively included in the study. Twenty-one were referred to our hospital with increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) values (> 4 ng/ml) and suspicion of prostate cancer. The other 10 men were volunteers without any history of prostate disease. DKI applying diffusion gradients in 20 different spatial directions with four b-values (0, 300, 600, 1000 s/mm²) was performed additionally to standard functional prostate MRI. Region of interest (ROI)-based measurements were performed in all histopathologically verified lesions of every patient, as well as in the peripheral zone, and the central gland of each volunteer.

Results

DKI showed a substantially better fit to the diffusion-weighted signal than the monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Altogether, 29 lesions were biopsied in 14 different patients with the following results: Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 (n = 1), 3 + 4 = 7 (n = 7), 4 + 3 = 7 (n = 6), 4 + 4 = 8 (n = 1), and 4 + 5 = 9 (n = 2), and prostatitis (n = 12). Values of axial (K_ax) and mean kurtosis (K_mean) were significantly different in the tumor (K_ax 1.78 ± 0.39, K_mean 1.84 ± 0.43) compared with the normal peripheral zone (K_ax 1.09 ± 0.12, K_mean 1.16 ± 0.13; p < 0.001) or the central gland (K_ax 1.40 ± 0.12, K_mean 1.44 ± 0.17; p = 0.01 respectively). There was a minor correlation between axial kurtosis (r = 0.19) and the Gleason score.

Conclusion

Full DKI is feasible to utilize in a routine clinical setting. Although there is some overlap some DKI parameters can significantly distinguish prostate cancer from the central gland or the normal peripheral zone. Nevertheless, the additional value of DKI compared with conventional monoexponential ADC calculation remains questionable and requires further research.     

肿瘤组织傅里叶变换红外光谱诊断方法的比较研究

在前期的肿瘤组织红外光谱诊断方法研究中,采用水平衰减全反射(ATR)红外光谱诊断法在多种肿瘤组织样品中取得了与病理诊断很好符合的实验结果;针对文献报道中多采用的显微红外光谱法,文章对同一肿瘤组织样品应用两种方法采集红外光谱,比较测量条件及光谱诊断结果,研究结果表明ATR法主要测量了整块组织的光谱信息,避免了组织结构不均一,微区采样扫描取点少对光谱诊断结果的影响,获得的光谱可以为临床应用提供判断依据。     

光谱法研究3H-吲哚探针分子与牛血清蛋白的相互作用

以荧光技术研究一种新型探针分子--2-(对-氨基苯基)-3,3-二甲基-3H-吲哚(A)与牛血清蛋白(BSA)结合反应的特征,测定了结合常数(K=1.82×105L/mol).依据Foester非辐射能量转移理论,确定了授体-受体间的结合距离(r=2.34nm)和能量转移效率,采用同步荧光技术考察了A对BSA构象的影响.     

医用生物材料的低温保存研究

生物材料的低温保存一般都要经历降温过程、低温储存过程及复温过程,其中降温过程中对生物细胞的影响最大.每一种生物细胞都有自己合适的降温速率,如能满足其这种降温速率,细胞所受到的低温损伤最小,则生物细胞的复活率最高.文中介绍程序控制变速降温装置的主要结构及几种典型生物体的降温过程.最后,对器官的低温保存进行分析讨论.     

BrachyView: Feasibility study into the application of Timepix detectors for soft tissue thickness imaging in prostate brachytherapy treatment

BrachyView is a novel in-body imaging system for real-time intraoperative prostate brachytherapy treatment planning, which monitors the position of low dose rate brachytherapy seeds using an array of high-resolution pixelated silicon detectors (Timepix). The detector array is also capable of performing in-body imaging of the prostate when used in conjunction with an external X-ray source. This study presents a quantitative analysis of the Timepix detector for use as a soft-tissue imaging plane by evaluating varying thicknesses of tissue-equivalent plastic incorporated into a medical prostate phantom. The feasibility of using BrachyView as a diagnostic tool is established by demonstrating the resolving power and high contrast obtainable with this configuration.     

Study on the p-type QWIP-LED device

A p-type quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) integrated with a light-emitting diode (LED) (named QWIP-LED) was fabricated and studied. The infrared photo-response spectrum was obtained from the device resistance variation and the near-infrared photo-emission intensity variation. A good agreement between these two spectra was observed, which demonstrates that the long-wavelength infrared radiation around 7.5 μm has been transferred to the near-infrared light at 0.8 μm by the photo-electronic process in the QWIP-LED structure. Moreover, the experimentally observed infrared response wavelength is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation value of 7.7 μm. The results on the upconversion of the infrared radiation will be very useful for the new infrared focal plane array technology.     

Study on the large-scale assembly and fabrication method for SWCNTs nano device

The large-scale assembly and fabrication method for single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT) nano devices was implemented.Assembly of SWCNT field effect transistor(FET) was realized by floating potential dielectrophoresis approach.The simulation of floating potential distribution of the chip was performed by comsol multiphysics coupling software.Six hundred devices were assembled on the area of less than one square centimeter.The fabricated devices were characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The experimental results showed that large-scale assembly had been realized,and the success rate of ideal assembly for SWCNT FET had been assessed.     

Two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging for pretreatment evaluation of prostate cancer: comparison with the step-section histology after radical prostatectomy

Purpose

To minimize user and vendor dependence of the spectrum processing of prostate spectra, to measure the ratio of choline (Cho) plus creatine (Cr) to citrate (Cit) in the prostate tissue of normal volunteers and cancer patients, and to compare the results with pathologic findings after radical prostatectomy.

Materials and methods

Four healthy volunteers and 13 patients with prostate cancer were measured. Measurements were performed using two-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and endorectal coil. A standard vendor's spectrum processing approach has been modified. An original feature of this methodology was the combination of vendor-optimized and user-independent spectrum preprocessing in the scanner and user-independent quantitation in the environment of an MRUI software package. (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratio was used for the classification of prostate tissue. Results were compared with histopathology after radical prostatectomy.

Results

Eight of 13 cancer patients were classified as suspicious or very suspicious for cancer at spectroscopy, three were ambiguous for cancer and two patients were evaluated as false negative. A considerable overlap of metabolite ratios at various Gleason score was found.

Conclusion

The proposed spectrum processing has the potential to improve the accuracy and user independency of the (Cho+Cr)/Cit quantitation. This study confirmed the previous results that a considerable overlap of (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratios exists at various Gleason score levels.