Some properties of lattices of radical classes of lattice-ordered groups

Aradical class of lattice-ordered groups (-groups) is a class closed under taking convex-subgroups, joins of convex-subgroups, and-isomorphic images. Imposing various other closure conditions leads to many specific types of radical classes (e.g., torsion classes). For several of these types, the complete latticeT of radical classes of that type has been studied, and such latticesT are our object of study here. We give the characteristic properties of closed-kernel radical mappings and polar kernel radical mappings. We prove in many instances thatT isrelatively polarized, that is, for any ], T with ] there exists a unique largest T such that = ], and often we are able to explicitly identify. By using these properties we characterize meet irreducibility in the latticeT of polar kernel radical classes.Presented by M. Henriksen.     

On Random Sets Connected to the Partial Records of Poisson Point Process

Random intervals are constructed from partial records in a Poisson point process in ]0,[×]0,[. These are used to cover partially [0,[; the purpose of this work is to study the random set that is left uncovered. We show that enjoys the regenerative property and identify its distribution in terms of the characteristics of the Poisson point process. As an application we show that is almost surely a fractal set and we calculate its dimension.     

First order properties of random posets

Let =(n,p) be a binary relation on the set [n]={1, 2, ..., n} such that (i,i) for every i and (i,j) with probability p, independently for each pair i,j [n], where i<j. Define as the transitive closure of and denote poset ([n], ) by R(n, p). We show that for any constant p probability of each first order property of R(n, p) converges as n .     

Arithmetic and other properties of certain Delphic semigroups. I

Summary Some aspects of Delphic semigroups in general — in particular, the idea of an hereditary subsemigroup, which has many uses in connexion with Delphic semigroups — are first treated. After that, attention is directed to the arithmetic of ⁺, the semigroup of positive renewal sequences. In a Delphic semigroup the aboriginal elements are the simples and the members of I ₀: a class of simples of ⁺ is constructed and the simples are shown to be residual. I ₀ is explicitly identified, and this leads to a canonical factorization of ⁺. The properties of division in ⁺ are discussed.     

Présentations des groupes de Fischer (II)

In this paper we give Coxeter presentation (X, ) for the three Fischer groupsG=Fi₂₂, Fi₂₃, Fi₂₄; we apply methods exposed in the first part. Each of these groups is generated by a class of 3-transpositions (named here a Fischer class) in which elements ofX are chosen. A subset of is the set of all the relations (xy) ^m(x,y)=1, wherex andy are inX and wherem(x,y) means the order ofxy inG. We obtainG as a specified quotient of the Coxeter group (X, ) with the appropriate diagram .     

The equational theory of union-free algebras of relations

We solve a problem of Jónsson [12] by showing that the class of (isomorphs of) algebras of binary relations, under the operations of relative product, conversion, and intersection, and with the identity element as a distinguished constant, is not axiomatizable by a set of equations. We also show that the set of equations valid in is decidable, and in fact the set of equations true in the class of all positive algebras of relations is decidable.Presented by B. M. Schein.H. Andréka's research was supported by Hungarian National Research Fund No. 1911 and No. 2258.     

Présentations des groupes de Fischer (I)

This work gives a method for constructing presentation (X, ) for a group generated by a class of 3-transpositions (named here a Fischer class) in which {ie275-1}(G/Z(G)) is simple and non-abelian. The generating set X is contained in D; is the set of relations (xy) ^m(x,y)=1, x and y in X, where m(x, y) is the order of the product xy in G, m(x, y) 3; is a set of relations between elements of X. The group G is constructed as a quotient of the Coxeter group (X, ).These results are applied to symplectic and orthogonal groups over {ie275-2}. Applications to other groups, in particular to the sporadic Fischer groups, will follow later.     

Strong rightD-domains

An integral domainR is called rightD-domain if its lattice of all right ideals is distributive. In § 2 a sufficient condition for an integral domainR is given such thatR is a rightD-domain if and only ifR is a leftD-domain. For example each integral domain which is algebraic over its center satisfies this criterion. Furthermore, a rightD-domain is called strong if its lattice of all fractional right ideals is distributive. Examples of strong rightD-domains are given in §4. Each overring of a strong rightD-domain is also a strong rightD-domain whereas arbitrary rightD-domains may have overrings which are no rightD-domains. Section 3 is mainly concerned with the set * of all left invertible fractional right ideals and the mapping :**,II _l ^–1 whereI _l ^–1 denotes the left inverse ofI. For example, equivalent conditions are given for * to be a sublattice of and it is shown that is bijective if and only if (IJ)=(I)+(J) holds for allI,J*. Finally, §5 deals with (right)D-domains which are algebraic over their centersC. It is proved thatR is invariant if and only ifC is a commutative Prüfer domain andR the integral closure ofC inQ(R).     

The arithmetic of the characteristic Pólya functions

In the framework of the theory of D. Kendall's delphic semigroups are considered problems of divisibility in the semigroup of convex characteristic functions on the semiaxis (0,). Letn ()={:₁¦₁1 or ₁=}, and I_o()={: ₁¦ ₁ N()}. The following results are proved: 1) The semigroup is almost delphic in the sense of R. Davidson. 2) N() is a set of the type G which is dense in (in the topology of uniform convergence on compacta). 3) The class I_o() contains only the function identically equal to one.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 717–725, May, 1977.The author thanks I. V. Ostrovskii for the formulation of the problem and valuable remarks.     

Bifurcation for a semilinear elliptic equation on ℛN with radially symmetric coefficients

We consider the semilinear eigenvalue problem on ^N (N 2) (N2) and investigate the question under which conditions on the radially symmetric function q, =0 is a bifurcation point for this equation in H¹, In H² and in L^p for 2p+.     

On inertial wave and flow structure at low Rossby number

Flow disturbances produced by the slow relative motion of an impermeable body in a large, rapidly rotating vessel are studied as an asymptotic theory for an inviscid, incompressible fluid at a small Rossby number (u _c /L1). The axial distance between the vessel wallsH is assumed to be so much larger than the body scaleL that the reduced height H/L is of unit order or greater. This flow admits a columnar structure near the body and an outer nonlinear structure of the inertial-wave type far above the forcing region, at distances along the rotation-axis (z=0(L/)). The inner boundary condition for the outer problem is provided by transferring the impermeable surface condition through the columnar structure; the outer solution in turn determines the vorticity and the solution of the columnar inner region.For thin obstacles or shallow ground topography (1), the outer solution is governed by an equation comparable to a linear one for inertial waves. The linear solutions obtained for steady transverse motion in an infinite domain () shows that, in this case, surface (perturbation) velocities are orthogonal to those in an irrotational (non-rotating) flow over the same ground topography. In the far field, i.e., ( z/L l) disturbances are confined mainly behind a wedge-shaped caustic front downstream of the rotation axis , wherein their amplitudes are comparable to , in general accord with Lighthill's result from group-velocity consideration. The field behind the caustic supports, however, lee waves extending far downstream with diminishing strength. Their wave lengths belong to orderLz/x, and therefore these waves should appear to be densely packed in the wedge-shaped region. The question on tilting of the Taylor column is delineated; the structure of the caustic zone and its upstream flow behavior are also analyzed.

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Zusammenfassung Die Strömung um einen Körper, der sich langsam in einem grossen, rotierenden Behälter bewegt, wird untersucht mit einer asymptotischen Theorie für eine reibungsfreie, inkompressible Flüssigkeit bei einer kleinen Rossby-Zahl, d.h. u _c /L1. Der axiale AbstandH zwischen den Gefässwänden wird als soviel grösser als die Körperabmessung angenommen, dass für die reduzierte Höhe =H/L 0(1) gilt. Diese Strömung erlaubt eine säulenähnliche Struktur (Taylor column) in Körpernähe und eine äussere, nichtlineare Struktur vom Wellentyp für Höhenz=0(L/) über dem Köper. Die innere Randbedingung für das äussere Problem wird erhalten, indem die Bedingung an der Wand durch die Säule verschoben wird. Die äussere Lösung bestimmt ihrerseits die Rotation und damit die Lösung im inneren, säulenartigen Bereich.Wenn Körper oder Bodenform flach sind (1), so wird die Aussenlösung durch eine Gleichung bestimmt, welche vergleichbar ist mit einer linearen Gleichung für Trägheitswellen. Lineare Lösungen werden für gleichförmige Bewegung von der Achse weg in einem unbegrenzten Bereich ) gegeben. Sie zeigen, dass die Oberflächenstromlinien orthogonal zu den Stromlinien sind, die bei rotationsfreier (nichtdrehender) Strömung über der gleichen Bodenform entstehen. Im Fernfeld ( z/L l) sind Störungen hauptsächlich auf ein keilförmiges Gebiet stromabwärts von der Rotationsachse ( ) begrenzt. In diesem Gebiet geht ihre Amplitude mit , in Uebereinstimmung mit Lighthill's Resultat, das mit der Gruppengeschwindigkeit hergeleitet wurde. Im keiförmigen Gebiet bestehen drei Familien von Lee-Wellen, welche sich mit unveränderter Stärke weit stromabwärts erstrecken. Ihre Wellenlängen gehören zur OrdnungLx/z, weshalb die Wellen im keilförmigen Bereich dicht gepackt erscheinen. Die Frage der Neigung der Taylor Säule behandelt und die Struktur des Randes vom keilförmigen Bereich wird analysiert.

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This work is dedicated to Professor Nicholas Rott on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday.     

Representations of tensor product l.m.c.*-algebras

If E is a l.m.c.*-algebra with a b.a.i., (E), (E) denote the enveloping algebra and the space of representations of E respectively, while (E) stands for the non-zero extreme points of the continuous positive linear forms on E. Thus, for suitable l.m.c.*-algebras E, F and an admissible topology on E F, (E F) is given by the completed-tensor product of (E), (F) (where is the projective tensorial l.m.c.C*-topology), while (E F) by the cartesian product of (E), (F). An analogous decomposition of (E F) is not valid in general.This paper is partly based on the author's Ph.D. Thesis (Univ. of Athens)     

Global Optimization Algorithm for the Nonlinear Sum of Ratios Problem

This article presents a branch-and-bound algorithm for globally solving the nonlinear sum of ratios problem (P). The algorithm economizes the required computations by conducting the branch-and-bound search in ^p, rather than in ⁿ, where p is the number of ratios in the objective function of problem (P) and n is the number of decision variables in problem (P). To implement the algorithm, the main computations involve solving a sequence of convex programming problems for which standard algorithms are available.     

Existence for the Cahn-Hilliard phase separation model with a nondifferentiable energy

Summary The Cahn-Hilliard model for phase separation in a binary alloy leads to the equations (I) u_t=w, (II) w= (u)– u with an associated energy functional F(u)=f [(u)+ +¦u¦²/2] dx. In this paper we discuss the existence theory for initial bounday value problems arising from modifications to the Cahn-Hilliard model due to the addition of the non-differentiable term ¦u¦dx to the energy F(u).     

Existence of compatible families of proper regular conditional probabilities

Summary Let (, , ) be a perfect probability space with countably generated, and let IB be a family of sub--fields of . Under a countability condition on the family IB, I show that there exists a family {}_IB of regular conditional probabilities which are everywhere compatible. Under a more stringent condition on IB, I show that the can furthermore be chosen to be everywhere proper. It follows that in the Dobrushin-Lanford-Ruelle formulation of the statistical mechanics of classical lattice systems, every (perfect) probability measure is a Gibbs measure for some specification.Research supported in part by NSF PHY-78-23952NSF Predoctoral Fellow (1976–79) and Danforth Fellow (1979–81).     

Beitrag zur Reduktion des Entscheidungsproblems auf Klassen von Hornformeln mit kurzen Alternationen

Ohne Zusammenfassung Zusatz bei der Korrektur: Ein vollständiger und korrekter Beweis für die Entscheidbarkeit der eingangs angeführten Aanderaaschen Klasse ((0, ), (, , ...)) erscheint demnächst im JSL (S.O. Aanderaa/H.R.Lewis: Prefix classes of Krom formulas). Ebendort wird auch die Reduktionstypeneigenschaft für ((0, ), (0, 0, )) und ((0, )), (0, 0, )) nachgewiesen, während ((0, ), (, )) sich als entscheidbar herausgestellt hat (s. E. Börger: Eine entscheidbare Klasse von Kromformeln. ZMLG 19 (1973), 117–120.) Der Kromsche Reduktionstyp konnte mittlerweile einerseits zu ((0, ), (0, 4)) verschärft werden (s. D. Rödding, E. Börger: The undecidability of (0, 4)-formulae with binary disjunctions, vorgetragen auf dem Logic Coll. Bristol 1973, ein abstract erscheint im JSL), andererseits kündigt H.R.Lewis die Reduktionstypeneigenschaft für ((0, ), (0, 1)) an (s. H.R.Lewis: Krom formulas with one dyadic predicate letter. Notices AMS 20, 5 (1973) A-500, abstr. no. 73T-E78.)Dieser Aufsatz geht aus der Dissertation [2] hervor, die dem Fachbereich Mathematik der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Münster im Sommersemester 1971 vorgelegt worden ist. Die Ergebnisse stammen aus dem Wintersemester 1970/71. Eine Ankündigung der hauptsächlichen Resultate ist in den Notices of the American Mathematical Society 19, 2 (1972) A-333 unter der abstract no. * 72T-E24 erschienen.     

Algorithmic aspects of intersection graphs and representation hypergraphs

Let be a family of sets. The intersection graph of is obtained by representing each set in by a vertex and connecting two vertices by an edge if and only if their corresponding sets intersect. Of primary interest are those classes of intersection graphs of families of sets having some specific topological or other structure. The grandfather of all intersection graphs is the class of interval graphs, that is, the intersection graphs of intervals on a line.The scope of research that has been going on in this general area extends from the mathematical and algorithmic properties of intersection graphs, to their generalizations and graph parameters motivated by them. In addition, many real-world applications involve the solution of problems on such graphs.In this paper a number of topics in algorithmic combinatorics which involve intersection graphs and their representative families of sets are presented. Recent applications to computer science are also discussed. The intention of this presentation is to provide an understanding of the main research directions which have been investigated and to suggest possible new directions of research.     

Commutativity of operators on the lattice of existence varieties

In a previous paper the authors introduced seven complete congruences on the lattice _ev(I of e-varieties of regular semigroups of the form _P :U _P VPU=PV, whereP is drawn from a small set of e-varieties: left zero, right zero, rectangular bands, groups, left groups, right groups and completely simple semigroups. Four new complete congruences are introduced here of the form _P :U _P VPU=PV, whereP is one of the following classes of regular semigroups: left monoids, right monoids, monoids, idempotent generated semigroups. For each complete congruence on _ev(I) and eachU_ev(I), the -class ofU is an interval [U ,U ] so that there is associated with each such congruence an idempotent operatorUU on _ev(I). This paper establishes numerous results concerning the commutativity of operators of this form.This work was supported in part by NSERC Grant 4044.     

Bruck nets,codes, and characters of loops

Numerous computational examples suggest that if _{k-1 k} are (k- 1)- and k-nets of order n, then rank _{p k} - rank _{p k-1} n - k + 1 for any prime p dividing n at most once. We conjecture that this inequality always holds. Using characters of loops, we verify the conjecture in case k = 3, proving in fact that if p ^e n, then rank _{p 3} 3n - 2 - e, where equality holds if and only if the loop G coordinatizing ₃ has a normal subloop K such that G/K is an elementary abelian group of order p ^e . Furthermore if n is squarefree, then rank _p = 3n - 3 for every prime p ¦ n, if and only if ₃ is cyclic (i.e., ₃ is coordinated by a cyclic group of order n).The validity of our conjectured lower bound would imply that any projective plane of squarefree order, or of order n 2 mod 4, is in fact desarguesian of prime order.