Design and performance of a plastic optical fiber leakage sensor

In this article design and operation of a plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor based on the unconventional light leakage from one fiber to another one causing intensity modulation are presented. The dominant loss mechanism was found to be the evanescent loss and based on this phenomenon the optical fiber sensor was designed. The penetration depth of evanescent wave as a function of different refractive index of cladding was calculated. Operation of this sensor was tested as a liquid level sensor for different liquids and the experimental results are compared. The dry (air interface layer) and wet output (liquid interface layer) signals for this probe were measured for a series of measurements and important factors concerning sensor operation are described. The precision of measured values, reproducibility of the results (1.35% error), and the stability of sensing operation as a function of time at different launching powers are also reported (0.85% error). The reported results for this design are promising and verify the successful operation of such a device as a liquid level probe and also as an on/off level switch.     

Giga-bit optical receiver for plastic optical fibre

An optical receiver with high sensitivity and linearity specially designed for Giga-bit communications over small-bandwidth high-attenuation multimode plastic optical fiber is presented. An automatic gain control transimpedance amplifier and linear post amplifiers are used to maintain a good performance with multilevel modulation. Using multilevel signaling and large-diameter integrated photodiodes make the presented optical receiver suitable for large core plastic optical fiber. For a wavelength of 675 nm, a sensitivity of −26.3 dB m (BER = 10⁻⁹) at 500 Mb/s is presented by a binary signal. A data rate of 1 Gb/s and a sensitivity of −19.8 dB m (BER = 10⁻⁹) are achieved with four-level pulse amplitude modulation.     

Optically controllable variable fiber optical attenuator integrated in conventional optical fiber

New type of optically controllable variable fiber optical attenuator based on thermo-optical effect in liquid cladding of optical fiber is described. The thermo-optical effect in liquid cladding optical fiber causes refractive index contrast changes in core–cladding interface, what enables to change the propagating optical signal power with temperature. The temperature change is achieved by fiber based heating element using laser radiation. Attenuation up to −12 dB was achieved in static dependence and dynamic response confirmed rise time up to 24 ms.     

Cellulose acetate polymer film modified microstructured polymer optical fiber towards a nitrite optical probe

A novel microstructured polymer optical fiber (MPOF) probe for nitrites (NO₂⁻) detection was made by forming rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G)-doped cellulose acetate (CA) on the side wall of array holes in a MPOF. It was found that the MPOF probe only have a response to nitrites in a certain concentration of sulfuric acid solution. The calibration graph of fluorescence intensity versus nitrites concentration was linear in the range of 2.0 × 10^− 4 g/ml-5.0 × 10^− 3 g/ml. The method possesses ease of chemical modification, low cost design, and potential for direct integration with existing instrumentation, and has been applied to the determination of nitrites in real samples with satisfactory results.     

Study on the bend characteristics of single mode-multimode-single mode optical fiber structure

In this paper, the bend characteristics of the single mode-multimode-single mode (SMS) fiber structure are experimentally investigated. SMS fiber structure is very sensitive to the bend. The central wavelength shifts to shorter wavelength with the increasing of fiber bend angle. The central wavelength shift changes with the changing of multimode fiber(MMF) bend section length. The shorter bend MMF has higher sensitivity to the bend angle.     

分立式与分布式光纤传感关键技术研究进展

光纤传感技术已广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、电子电力、土木工程、生物医药等领域,其技术形式主要体现为分立式和分布式.分立式光纤传感技术利用光纤敏感器件作为传感器来感知被测参量的变化,光纤作为光信号的传输通道连接光纤传感器及后端的解调装置;分布式光纤传感系统基于光纤瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应,利用光纤本身作为传感器,可对沿途的光信号进行大范围、长距离传感.本文介绍了分立式与分布式光纤传感中主要关键技术的研究进展,并对未来的研究和发展方向进行了探讨.     

A multi-parameter sensor system using concentric core optical fiber

We, for the first time, report an experimental demonstration of multi-parameter fiber sensor system using the concentric core optical fiber, which can simultaneously determine the stress, the position of stress and the cracks. A high bending-sensitive concentric core optical fiber has been used in a mesh type structure to form the multi-function sensor.     

Sol-gel matrix modified microstructured optical fibre towards a fluoride sensitive optical probe

In this article, we report an optical fluoride probe based on microstructured polymer optical fibers (MPOFs) which is modified with morin-Al complex doped silica gel film. This probe is fabricated by sol-gel fluxion coating process. Sol solution doped with morin-Al is directly inhaled into array holes of MPOF and then forms morin-Al-gel matrix film in them. The sensing probe shows different fluorescence intensity to different fluoride ion concentrations in the aqueous solution. The range of response is 5-50 mmol/L, under the condition of pH 4.6.     

Surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic sensor utilizing indium oxide

A highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based fiber optic sensor with indium oxide (In₂O₃) layer coated on the core of the optical fiber is presented and theoretically analyzed. The sensitivity of the SPR based fiber optic sensor has been evaluated numerically. It is shown that the proposed SPR based fiber optic sensor with In₂O₃ layer possesses high sensitivity in the near infrared region of spectrum, which needs attention to many environmental and security applications and offers more accurate and highly reproducible measurements. In addition, the sensitivity of the SPR based fiber optic sensor decreases with the increase in the thickness of In₂O₃ layer. With sensitivity as high as 4600 nm/RIU, the 170 nm thick In₂O₃ layer based fiber optic SPR sensor demonstrates better performance.     

Surface plasmon resonance based tapered fiber optic sensor with different taper profiles

A theoretical model for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based tapered fiber optic sensor is proposed with three different taper profiles, namely, linear, parabolic, and exponential-linear. The effect of taper ratio and taper profiles on the sensor’s performance is studied in detail and the design considerations for significantly enhanced sensitivity are reported. The study shows that the exponential-linear taper profile with high taper ratio provides the best performance. The physical reasons behind sensitivity enhancement due to taper ratio and taper profile are given, wherever required.     

Calculation of the frequency response in step-index plastic optical fibers using the time-dependent power flow equation

The time-dependent power flow equation, which is reduced to its time-independent counterpart is employed to calculate frequency response and bandwidth in addition to mode coupling and mode-dependent attenuation in a step-index plastic optical fiber. The frequency response is specified as a function of distance from the input fiber end. This is compared to reported measurements. Mode-dependent attenuation and mode dispersion and coupling are known to be strong in plastic optical fibers, leading to major implications for their frequency response in data transmission systems.     

组合型光纤相位共轭器的数值模拟

 组合光纤是一种结合了小口径光纤SBS阈值低和大口径光纤损伤阈值高的特点而形成的新型光纤相位共轭器。通过建立数学模型，数值计算了组合光纤中SBS形成的过程，并对其特性参数进行了一定的理论分析。结果表明组合光纤不但可以大幅度降低SBS阈值、获得高反射率和扩大动态范围，而且通过优化其几何尺寸可以抑制Stokes波形的波动现象并显著压缩泵浦光脉冲。     

Semiconductor laser diode to single-mode fiber coupling using diffractive optical elements

An integrated mode converter consisting of two diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and a Silicon slab is presented for low-loss coupling between a semiconductor laser diode (LD) and a single-mode fiber (SMF). The phase structures of the DOEs are designed using iterative phase retrieval algorithm. We introduce a new far-field amplitude constraint into the iteration to provide very high mode conversion quality. Compared with previously published mode converters, the scheme is more universal because it’s applicable for any semiconductor LD. In simulation, coupling losses lower than 0.02 dB are predicted for all the discussed LDs with aspect ratios of the elliptical fields from 1 to 9. The requirements on axial displacement and rotation angle have been removed. The tolerance for 1-dB loss increment for lateral misalignment is 0.9 μm. And the coupling loss is insensitive to tilt angle.     

光纤光栅压力传感器的理论建模及实验研究

鉴于压力传感器为工业生产中压力监控的一种必不可少的设备,分析了光纤光栅中心波长与光纤光栅应变之间的关系,阐述了带有硬中心的圆形膜片受到均匀压之后,膜片中心的挠度与压力之间的数学关系。在此基础上设计了圆形膜片作为流体压力转化光纤光栅敏感物理量的元件,并结合辅助元件完成对光纤光栅传感器组装,建立了传感器输入输出之间的线性数学模型。通过实验验证传感器线性度和重复性,运用数学计算得出了光纤光栅压力传感器各项参数,灵敏度Km=-0.658 nm/MPa,初始波长0=1 578.441 nm,为后期传感器稳定性作好了铺垫。     

New halogenated monomers and polymers for low loss plastic optical fiber

In this paper, theoretical studies about refractive index and attenuation of halogenated and deuterated monomers and polymers are described. Concerning refractive index study, a mathematical model is elaborated to calculate the refractive index of acrylic monomers accurately. Concerning the attenuation in a near infrared (NIR) and visible region, we have shown and quantified that the most important factor of intrinsic absorption in Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) is the presence of C-H bonds. So to reduce attenuation of POF, halogenated and deuterated acrylates and vinyl carbonates are synthesized. Thermal and optical properties of the corresponding homo and copolymers are discussed.     

Controllable optical bistability and multistability in a rare-earth-ion-doped optical fiber

We investigated the optical bistability and multistability in an Er³⁺-doped ZrF₄–BaF₂–LaF₃–AlF₃–NaF optical fiber inside an optical ring cavity. It is found that the optical bistability and multistability can be easily controlled via adjusting properly the parameters of the corresponding system. Our scheme may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and optical-fiber communication.     

New halogenated monomers and polymers for low loss plastic optical fiber

Abstract

In this paper, theoretical studies about refractive index and attenuation of halogenated and deuterated monomers and polymers are described. Concerning refractive index study, a mathematical model is elaborated to calculate the refractive index of acrylic monomers accurately. Concerning the attenuation in a near infrared (NIR) and visible region, we have shown and quantified that the most important factor of intrinsic absorption in Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) is the presence of C-H bonds. So to reduce attenuation of POF, halogenated and deuterated acrylates and vinyl carbonates are synthesized. Thermal and optical properties of the corresponding homo and copolymers are discussed.     

基于无芯-少模-无芯光纤结构的温度传感特性研究北大核心CSCD

提出了一种基于无芯-少模-无芯光纤结构的温度传感器,对传感器进行了理论分析和实验研究。该传感器将无芯光纤(coreless fiber,CLF)与少模光纤(few-mode fiber,FMF)同轴熔接,构建无芯-少模-无芯的光纤结构,结构两端熔接单模(single mode fiber,SMF)光纤作为输入输出光纤,第1段无芯光纤与单模光纤的模式失配起到激发高阶模的作用,少模光纤中的LP01与LP11两种模式沿少模光纤纤芯传输,在第2段无芯光纤的作用下LP01与LP11两种模式重新耦合回单模光纤,LP01与LP11两种模式发生干涉,形成干涉光谱。当外界温度变化时,两种模式的光程差发生变化,干涉光谱的干涉波谷发生漂移,选取2个不同的干涉波谷作为特征波长,进行实验分析。实验结果表明:波长在1550 nm和1534 nm附近的干涉谷均发生红移,相应的温度灵敏度分别为68 pm/℃和44.5 pm/℃。该传感结构制作简单、灵敏度高,有很好的应用前景。     

选择模激励下塑料光纤频率响应特性的研究

由于塑料光纤有诸多优点,可以替代同轴电缆作为短距离通信网的传输介质。给出梯度塑料光纤的带宽计算模型,利用该模型计算了一系列选择模激励条件下塑料光纤频率响应特性,从而研究其带宽特性,并研究了不同光源线宽对光纤系统带宽的影响,得出的结论对塑料光纤的实际应用有一定指导意义。     

一种基于光纤激光水听器的PGC改进解调算法

基于分布反馈式（DFB）光纤激光水听器,针对传统相位生成载波（PGC）解调方案中的不足,提出了一种新型的单路微分相除（PGC-SDD）解调算法。与传统的微分交叉相乘（PGC-DCM）和反正切（PGC-Arctan）解调算法相比,该方法仅需要双通道的1路信号作微分处理,以较少的运算步骤和计算量达到解调信号的目的。PGC-SDD算法能够更有效地应对环境引起的光强扰动和调制深度引起的谐波畸变,使解调结果更接近待测信号。对3种解调算法进行仿真和实验验证,结果表明:采用PGC-DCM解调其信噪比约12.4 dB,PGC-Arctan算法的信噪比约13.9 dB,PGC-SDD算法的信噪比达到了17.5 dB。