Ab initio study of the polymerisation of cyclopentasilane

The molecular structures and vibration modes of cyclopentasilane (Si₅H₁₀) have been examined by employing ab initio and density-functional methods. Three different structures of Si₅H₁₀ with different symmetries are analysed, and the results show that the envelope (C _s ) and the twist (C₂) forms have similar energies and that the planar form (D_5h ) is about 50 meV less stable than the C _s and C₂ forms. The excited-state potential energy surface of Si₅H₁₀ is performed using the CIS electronic energy calculation. The ring-open reaction of Si₅H₁₀ is investigated in detail by using the first-principles molecular-dynamics simulation for screening the reaction pathways. The formation of Si–H–Si is found to play an important role in the ring-open reaction.     

Ab initio study of palladium and silicon carbide

Ab initio methods have been used to investigate the properties of Pd as impurity in bulk SiC at five charged states within the framework of density functional theory using the local spin density approximation. It was found that Pd interstitials and substitutionals have similar energy to their intrinsic counterparts. In addition, Pd substitutes for a vacancy, di-vacancy, and tri-vacancy with similar energies. Pd diffuses through SiC via an interstitial mechanism employing the tetrahedral sites and Pd can substitute for Si and C at positive charged states. Removing electrons (p-type doping) from SiC lowers the formation and migration energies of Pd defects in SiC for most configurations.     

Ab initio study of dynamical properties of U-Nb alloy melt

The U-Nb alloy, as a kind of nuclear material with good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, plays an important role in the nuclear industry. However, the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of many parameters which are essential in describing the dynamical properties of this alloy melt, including density, diffusivity, and viscosity, have not been carried out yet. The lack of data on the dynamical properties of nuclear materials seriously hinders the high-performance nuclear materials from being developed and applied. In this work, the dynamical properties of the U-Nb alloy melt are systematically studied by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and their corresponding mathematical models are established, thereby being able to rapidly calculate the densities, diffusion coefficients, viscosities, and their activation energies in the whole U-Nb liquid region. This work provides a new idea for investigating the dynamical properties of binary alloy melts, thereby promoting the development of melt research.     

蓝宝石在高压下光学性质及能带结构的从头算模拟

采用量子力学从头算和赝势平面波基组以及GGA-PBE交换相关函数对蓝宝石(α- Al2O3)窗口材料在0－1000GPa静水压力作用下光学性质及能带结构进行了研究。结果表明, 在静水压力作用下可以观察到蓝宝石一直保持良好的透明性,前沿带隙随着压力的增大先变大后变小,而且部分键长有明显变化,即蓝宝石单晶结构在加压过程中发生了原子位置移动而进行了位置重构。     

钽酸锂、蓝宝石在高压下的光学性质从头算研究

采用量子力学从头算和赝势平面波基组以及非局域广义梯度近似(PP-GGA)方法对两种光学窗口材料(单晶LiTaO3和蓝宝石α-Al2O3)在0~250 GPa静水压力范围内的光学透明性进行了研究.结果表明,随着压力的增加蓝宝石和钽酸锂的最大吸收峰位置均向低波长区移动(蓝移).蓝宝石在0~250 GPa压力下,可见光范围内一直保持其透明性,而LiTaO3则在高压下时就变得不透明了,其原因是钽酸锂的前沿能带闭合而导致其吸收带宽随外界压力的增大变宽所致.     

非晶碳结构建模和电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用了一种更为精确的交换相关泛函OLYP(OPTX+LYP),对密度范围从2.0到3.2 g/cm³的非晶碳进行结构建模. 模拟得到的5个碳网络结构无论从径向分布函数还是sp³含量都与实验符合得很好. 对非晶碳电子结构的研究表明费米能级附近的电子态密度主要是sp²碳原子的贡献. 随着密度的增加,sp³碳原子增加,费米能级附近的态密度越来越小. 小环结构增加了费米能级附近的电子态密度,缺陷态在费米能级形 关键词： 非晶碳 密度泛函理论 电子结构     

蓝宝石在高压下光学性质及能带结构的从头算模拟

采用量子力学从头算和赝势平面波基组以及GGA-PBE交换相关函数对蓝宝石(α- Al2O3)窗口材料在0－1000GPa静水压力作用下光学性质及能带结构进行了研究。结果表明, 在静水压力作用下可以观察到蓝宝石一直保持良好的透明性,前沿带隙随着压力的增大先变大后变小,而且部分键长有明显变化,即蓝宝石单晶结构在加压过程中发生了原子位置移动而进行了位置重构。     

非晶碳结构建模和电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论，采用了一种更为精确的交换相关泛函OLYP(OPTX+LYP)，对密度范围从2.0到3.2 g/cm³的非晶碳进行结构建模. 模拟得到的5个碳网络结构无论从径向分布函数还是sp³含量都与实验符合得很好. 对非晶碳电子结构的研究表明费米能级附近的电子态密度主要是sp²碳原子的贡献. 随着密度的增加，sp³碳原子增加，费米能级附近的态密度越来越小. 小环结构增加了费米能级附近的电子态密度，缺陷态在费米能级形     

Ab initio study on the anisotropy of mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism for boron carbide

The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of boron carbide under a-axis and c-axis uniaxial compression are investigated by ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory.Strong anisotropy is observed.Under a-axis and c-axis compression,the maximum stresses are 89.0 GPa and 172.2 GPa respectively.Under a-axis compression,the destruction of icosahedra results in the unrecoverable deformation,while under c-axis compression,the main deformation mechanism is the formation of new bonds between the boron atoms in the three-atom chains and the equatorial boron atoms in the neighboring icosahedra.     

氢吸附金刚石（001）表面的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究氢吸附的金刚石（001）表面，计算了氢吸附金刚石表面构型.通过分析吸附前后空间电荷分布的变化，发现吸附H原子的金刚石（001）表面电荷向H原子转移，即表明氢吸附的金刚石表面带负电.分析了这种现象的微观机制，以及它对金刚石表面电学性质的影响. 关键词： 第一性原理计算 金刚石（001）面 表面吸附 电荷密度分布     

Ab initio studies of isolated hydrogen vacancies in graphane

We present a density functional study of various hydrogen vacancies located on a single hexagonal ring of graphane (fully hydrogenated graphene) considering the effects of charge states and the position of the Fermi level. We find that uncharged vacancies that lead to a carbon sublattice balance are energetically favorable and are wide band gap systems just like pristine graphane. Vacancies that do create a sublattice imbalance introduce spin polarized states into the band gap, and exhibit a half-metallic behavior with a magnetic moment of 1.00 μ_B per vacancy. The results show the possibility of using vacancies in graphane for novel spin-based applications. When charging such vacancy configurations, the deep donor (+1/0) and deep acceptor (0/−1) transition levels within the band gap are noted. We also note a half-metallic to metallic transition and a significant reduction of the induced magnetic moment due to both negative and positive charge doping.     

几种香豆素衍生物分子的二阶非线性光学性质的从头算研究

采用从头算ab initio Hartree_Fock/6_31G方法，对以3_苯基香豆素为母体的香豆素系列衍生物分子进行了几何优化，计算了它们的分子二阶非线性光学系数β值，分析了其分子结构、取代基类型和取代位置对β值的影响，并对计算结果所反映的规律性进行了探讨. 关键词： 3_苯基香豆素 非线性光学 二阶效应 从头算 电荷转移     

第一性原理计算Fe从bcc到hcp结构的相变路径及其磁性边界

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算了压力作用下Fe从bcc到hcp结构相变的势能面、相变路径以及相变过程中的磁性相边界.结果表明:与Burgers路径不同,相变过程中bcc结构(110)bcc面的剪切和相对滑移相互耦合,并伴随有(110)bcc面间距的减小;这一相变机制可以解释Fe的静高压实验中在相变初期观察到的hcp结构异常.因此,并不需要像Wang和Ingalls提出的那样,在相变过程中引入一个亚稳定的fcc相来解释这些实验结果.对相变势能面的计算表明剪切对相变的发生有激活作用.此外,分析表明相变过程中涉及复杂的磁性转变,相变过渡态位置正好位于磁性相边界上,并对原子磁性对结构转变影响的物理机制进行了讨论.     

Ab initio study of the effects of helium on the mechanical properties of different erbium hydrides

Although rare-earth metals have increasingly received attention for use in the storage and transportation of the tritium used in nuclear fusion reactions, they still face great challenges, such as the effect of helium on the mechanical properties of different erbium hydrides. In this work, first principles are used to study the mechanical properties(elastic constants, Young's modulus, transverse shear modulus and bulk modulus) of different erbium hydrides exposed to helium. The Young's modulus, the transverse shear modulus and the bulk modulus are given based on the elastic constants calculated according to first principles. It is found that the mechanical properties of all three erbium hydrides decrease in the presence of helium, and the decline of the mechanical properties of ErH_3 is the most serious. To explain the reason for the decrease in the mechanical properties, the densities of the states of erbium hydrides are calculated. During the calculations, helium embrittlement is not found and the ductility of the erbium hydrides improves following the production of helium at the helium concentrations considered in this work.     

采用从头计算方法研究液态氦原子间等效对势

 提出了一种具有体心立方排列的原子团簇He₉模型,用于模拟液氦中邻近原子的近程平均分布特征,并运用量子从头计算方法和原子团簇理论计算技术,首次从理论上计算了液态氦原子间等效作用对势。计算给出的等效对势能较好地再现液氦的等温压缩线及冲击压缩线,所提出的液体等效结构的原子团簇模型能比较合理地描述液氦近程结构特征以及原子间多体相互作用规律。还将理论对势函数与经验Exp-6势进行了比较。     

Ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics and the quantum nature of hydrogen bonds

The hydrogen bond(HB) is an important type of intermolecular interaction, which is generally weak, ubiquitous,and essential to life on earth. The small mass of hydrogen means that many properties of HBs are quantum mechanical in nature. In recent years, because of the development of computer simulation methods and computational power, the influence of nuclear quantum effects(NQEs) on the structural and energetic properties of some hydrogen bonded systems has been intensively studied. Here, we present a review of these studies by focussing on the explanation of the principles underlying the simulation methods, i.e., the ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics. Its extension in combination with the thermodynamic integration method for the calculation of free energies will also be introduced. We use two examples to show how this influence of NQEs in realistic systems is simulated in practice.     

Ab initio potential energy surface for the nitrogen molecule pair and thermophysical properties of nitrogen gas

A four-dimensional potential energy hypersurface (PES) for the interaction of two rigid nitrogen molecules was determined from high-level quantum-chemical ab initio computations. A total of 408 points for 26 distinct angular configurations were calculated utilizing the counterpoise-corrected supermolecular approach at the CCSD(T) level of theory and basis sets up to aug-cc-pV5Z supplemented with bond functions. The calculated interaction energies were extrapolated to the complete basis set limit and complemented by corrections for core–core and core–valence correlations, relativistic effects and higher coupled-cluster levels up to CCSDT(Q). An analytical site–site potential function with five sites per nitrogen molecule was fitted to the interaction energies. The PES was validated by computing second and third pressure virial coefficients as well as shear viscosity and thermal conductivity in the dilute-gas limit. An improved PES was obtained by scaling the CCSDT(Q) corrections for all 408 points by a constant factor, leading to quantitative agreement with the most accurate experimental values of the second virial coefficient over a wide temperature range. The comparison with the best experimental data for shear viscosity shows that the values computed with the improved PES are too low by about 0.3% between 300 and 700?K. For thermal conductivity large systematic deviations are found above 500?K between the calculated values and most of the experimental data.     

InSb的Li嵌入电压轮廓曲线从头计算

InSb是很有应用前途的Li离子电池非碳类负极材料. 使用基于密 度泛函理论的第一原理赝势法，计算了InSb 在Li嵌入时的125种不同情况下的总能、形成能 以及平衡体积等，进而参考电压轮廓实验曲线，筛选出了若干条理论上可能的反应路径，得到了Li嵌入时的电压轮廓曲线. 结果表明，从体InSb相到Li＿3Sb相之间没有中间经历五个相及五个相以上的反应路径；中间经历一个相的最可能反应过程为Li+In＿4Sb＿4→Li＿1In＿4Sb＿4,11Li+Li＿1In＿4Sb＿4→Li＿12Sb＿4+4In；中间经 历四个相的仅有一条反应路径：Li+In＿4Sb＿4→Li＿1In＿4Sb＿4,2Li+Li＿1In＿4Sb＿4→ Li＿3In＿4Sb＿4,4Li+Li＿3In＿4Sb＿4→Li＿7In＿3Sb＿4+In,3Li+Li＿7In＿3Sb＿4→Li＿10In＿2Sb＿4+In,2Li+Li＿10In＿2Sb＿4→Li＿12Sb＿4+2In. 关键词： InSb Li嵌入 电压轮廓曲线 从头计算     

Rydberg states of the HeH+ ion calculated by ab initio methods: potential energies and effective principal quantum numbers

More than 80 excited electronic states of the hydrohelium ion HeH⁺ of ^{1, 3}Σ⁺, ^{1, 3}Π, ^{1, 3}Δ, ^{1, 3}Φ and ^{1, 3}Γ symmetry have been calculated ab initio up to n = 6 for internuclear distances ranging from 0.5 to 100 bohr. The computations involve a configuration interaction (CI) treatment based on a home-made suite of programs that uses special basis sets designed for the representation of molecular Rydberg states. The results are compared with previous computations where these are available (up to n = 4), and it is found that except for the very lowest excited states, the present energies are consistently lower than those obtained previously, with an average lowering corresponding to several hundred cm^?1. It is shown that with the exception of its ground state, HeH⁺ is an effective one-electron system having an overall electronic structure similar to H⁺₂. The interaction of the excited electron with the He⁺ 1s core electron causes small singlet–triplet splittings to appear and ?-mixing interactions to occur, that are not present in H⁺₂.