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1.
The effect of Pt on the growth kinetics of the γ′-[Ni(Pt)]3Al ordered intermetallic phase and the γ-Ni(Pt, Al) solid solution diffusion rates of the species, hardness and elastic modulus was examined by employing the diffusion couple experimental technique. Experiments were conducted by using the β-Ni(Pt)Al phase and Ni(Pt) alloy couples, each of which had a fixed amount of Pt (5, 10 and 15 at. %) in both the end members so that the Pt content is more or less constant throughout the interdiffusion zone. The results suggest that the growth kinetics of both phases and the average effective interdiffusion coefficients of Ni and Al increase with the increase in Pt content. Nanoindentation studies across the compositional gradients show that the mechanical properties of the intermetallic phase in the superalloy are relatively insensitive to the presence of Pt but are more sensitive to the Ni/Al ratio. In contrast, the marked variation in the hardness of the γ phase were noted, increasing markedly with Al concentration in a given couple and also increasing with increasing Pt content. Possible causes for the observed variations are discussed. 相似文献
2.
A critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling for thermodynamic properties of all oxide phases and phase diagrams in the Fe–Mn–O system are presented. Optimized Gibbs energy parameters for the thermodynamic models of the oxide phases were obtained which reproduce all available and reliable experimental data within error limits from 298 K to above the liquidus temperatures at all compositions covering from known oxide phases, and oxygen partial pressure from metal saturation to 0.21 bar. The optimized thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams are believed to be the best estimates presently available. Two spinel phases (cubic and tetragonal) were modeled using Compound Energy Formalism (CEF) with the use of physically meaningful parameters. The present Fe–Mn spinel solutions can be integrated into a larger spinel solution database, which has been already developed. The database of the model parameters can be used along with a software for Gibbs energy minimization in order to calculate any type of phase diagram section and thermodynamic properties. 相似文献
3.
4.
In this work we report the experimental studies of Fe?Mn?Al alloys in the FCC disordered phase at room temperature by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In this phase the alloys are antiferromagnetic with a constant mean hyperfine field ( \(\bar H\) ) near 26 kOe in the composition range from 0 to 7.5 at.% Al and 50 to 65 at.% Fe. When the Al or Fe concentration increases, the \(\bar H\) value gradually decreases to zero and the alloy becomes paramagnetic. In the same way when the Al concentration increases the lattice parameter increases linearly but when the Fe concentration increases the lattice parameter remains nearly constant for alloys with 5 at.% Al and decreases for alloys with 10 at.% Al. 相似文献
5.
The solid state diffusion-controlled growth of the phases is studied for the Au–Sn system in the range of room temperature to 200 °C using bulk and electroplated diffusion couples. The number of product phases in the interdiffusion zone decreases with the decrease in annealing temperature. These phases grow with significantly high rates even at the room temperature. The growth rate of the AuSn4 phase is observed to be higher in the case of electroplated diffusion couple because of the relatively small grains and hence high contribution of the grain boundary diffusion when compared to the bulk diffusion couple. The diffraction pattern analysis indicates the same equilibrium crystal structure of the phases in these two types of diffusion couples. The analysis in the AuSn4 phase relating the estimated tracer diffusion coefficients with grain size, crystal structure, the homologous temperature of experiments and the concept of the sublattice diffusion mechanism in the intermetallic compounds indicate that Au diffuses mainly via the grain boundaries, whereas Sn diffuses via both the grain boundaries and the lattice. 相似文献
6.
This work analyzes the equilibrium between a liquid and a gas over this liquid separated by an interface. Various gas forms exist inside the liquid: dissolved gas molecules attached to solvent molecules, free gas molecules, and gaseous bubbles. Thermodynamic equilibrium is maintained between two phases; the first phase is the liquid containing dissolved and free molecules, and the second phase is the gas over the liquid and bubbles inside it. Kinetics of gas transition between the internal and external gas proceeds through bubbles and includes the processes of bubbles floating up and bubble growth as a result of association due to the Smoluchowski mechanism. Evolution of a gas in the liquid is considered using the example of oxygen in water, and numerical parameters of this system are given. In the regime under consideration for an oxygen–water system, transport of oxygen into the surrounding air proceeds through micron-size bubbles with lifetimes of hours. This regime is realized if the total number of oxygen molecules in water is small compared with the numbers of solvated and free molecules in the liquid. 相似文献
7.
Sven C. Vogel Frank Stein Martin Palm 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,99(3):607-611
In the central part of the Fe–Al system between about 58 and 65 at.% Al, a high-temperature phase denoted as ε occurs with a hitherto unknown crystallographic structure. The phase is stable between 1231°C and 1095°C. In order to study the crystallographic structure of the ε phase, in situ high-temperature neutron time-of-flight diffraction experiments have been performed at the HIPPO instrument at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The ε phase was found to have the formula Fe5Al8 with a body-centred cubic structure of the Hume–Rothery Cu5Zn8 type (I $\bar{4}3In the central part of the Fe–Al system between about 58 and 65 at.% Al, a high-temperature phase denoted as ε occurs with a hitherto unknown crystallographic structure. The phase is stable between 1231°C and 1095°C. In order to study
the crystallographic structure of the ε phase, in situ high-temperature neutron time-of-flight diffraction experiments have been performed at the HIPPO instrument
at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The ε phase was found to have the formula Fe5Al8 with a body-centred cubic structure of the Hume–Rothery Cu5Zn8 type (I[`4]3\bar{4}3m (No. 217), Z=4, cI52) and 52 atoms in the unit cell. Its lattice parameter is a=8.9756(2) ? at 1120°C, which is 3.02 times that of cubic FeAl (B2) at the same temperature. We report here the evolution
of the crystallographic parameters over the temperature range between 1080°C and 1120°C. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2003,64(9-10):1891-1894
Bond properties of the chalcopyrite and (defect) stannite phases in the Cu–(In,Ga)–Se system are compared in view of the bond overlap population calculated by the molecular orbital calculation of the DV-Xα method. Bond stretching force constant α is estimated for the stannite phases through the bond Ovlp. The Cu–Se and In(Ga)–Se bonds in defect stannite structure are considered to be mechanically weakened by the 2b-site vacancies. We estimate the weakened force constants to be 60–70% of those in the chalcopyrite structure. On the other hand, in In(Ga)-rich stannite, In(Ga)4d–Se8i and In(Ga)2b–Se8i bonds are estimated to be tighter by 23–25 and 8–9%, respectively, than In(Ga)4b–Se8d bond in the chalcopyrite structure. The Γ1 frequencies of the stannite phases are also calculated using the estimated force constants. Characteristic Raman signals peaked at 160–175 cm−1 observed for the Cu(In1−xGax)3Se5 system are explained by the Cu-rich phase for the Cu–In–Se system, and the phase combination of Cu-rich and Ga2aV2b types for the Cu–Ga–Se system from these calculations. 相似文献
9.
《中国物理 B》2019,(10)
Behaviors of C or O in bcc Fe and interactions of C–O and oxygen–carbon–vacancy(O–C–□) are investigated by first principles calculations. Octahedral interstitial site is the most stable position for an O atom in bcc Fe. The migration energy of an O atom in bcc Fe is 0.46 eV. The strength of O–Fe(1 nn) bond(0.32) is slightly greater than that of Fe–Fe metallic bond(0.26). Repulsive interactions of C–C, O–O, and C–O exist in bcc Fe. When the concentration of FIA(FIA refers to C or O) is relatively high, a vacancy can attract four FIAs and form stable FIAs–□ complex. 相似文献
10.
Abstract Molecular dynamics was used to investigate defect production induced by displacement cascades in ordered intermetallic alloys NiAl and Ni3Al. The composite potentials obtained from the embedded atom potentials (EAM) and the universal function of Biersack and Ziegler were used. The number of point defects and their final structure produced by displacement cascades were investigated and compared with the standard NRT prediction. Crystalline structure, atomic mixing and chemical disordering were also studied during the evolution of the cascades, by measuring their characteristic parameters in the cells of the subdivided crystal. 相似文献
11.
Pressure-dependent thermodynamic properties of the ambient and high pressure phases of aluminum nitride (w-AlN and rs-AlN) were calculated from first principles in order to determine their phase boundary in the p? T phase diagram. These predictions were checked by static HP/HT experiments, using a multianvil press and an Al/N/H precursor with low decomposition temperature as educt. The experimental data show that at temperatures between 1000 and 2000 K, the boundary line between the two phases is situated between 11 and 12 GPa, which is ~1.3 GPa lower than the theoretical result and generally lower than previously assumed. The hardness of rs-AlN – measured for the first time – is ~30 GPa (Knoop indenter at loads of 25–50 g), twice as hard as w-AlN. Shock wave recovery experiments on nano w-AlN allowed testing of the chemical and thermal stability of rs-AlN, and determination of its infrared absorption and 27Al NMR data. The shock wave technique will eventually enable the synthesis of larger amounts of rs-AlN, making it available for technological use. Finally, implications on the high pressure stability of phases in the Si–Al–O–N system are discussed in the light of thermoelastic properties of AlN. 相似文献
12.
Takeshi Egami Madhusudan Ojha Donald M. Nicholson Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin Na Chen Akihisa Inoue 《哲学杂志》2013,93(6):655-665
The aluminum–gold system exhibits various features that suggest high glass formability, such as a deep eutectic, formation of icosahedral clusters in the intermetallic compound near the eutectic minimum and a strongly negative heat of mixing. However, it is very difficult to form a glass with this system. Various issues related to glass formability are discussed using the Al–Au system as a negative test-case. In particular, the atomic level pressure was calculated from first principles for the first time for Al2Au, AlAu2 and AlAu4 intermetallic compounds. The atomic level pressure is very high in these compounds, suggesting frustrated electronic states which destabilize both crystalline and glassy phases. 相似文献
13.
The properties of trapping centres in – as grown – Tl4GaIn3S8 layered single crystals were investigated in the temperature range of 10–300 K using thermoluminescence (TL) measurements. TL curve was analysed to characterize the defects responsible for the observed peaks. Thermal activation energies of the trapping centres were determined using various methods: curve fitting, initial rise and peak shape methods. The results indicated that the peak observed in the low-temperature region composed of many overlapped peaks corresponding to distributed trapping centres in the crystal structure. The apparent thermal energies of the distributed traps were observed to be shifted from ~12 to ~125 meV by increasing the illumination temperature from 10 to 36 K. The analysis revealed that the first-order kinetics (slow retrapping) obeys for deeper level located at 292 meV. 相似文献
14.
Zhi-Sheng Nong Jing-Chuan Zhu Xia-Wei Yang Yong Cao Zhong-Hong Lai Yong Liu 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2012,407(24):4706-4711
The structural, elastic and electronic properties of Al2La, AlLa3 and Al3La binary intermetallics in the Al–La alloy system were investigated using the first-principles method. The calculated lattice constants were consistent with the experimental values. Formation enthalpy and cohesive energy showed that the studied Al2La, AlLa3 and Al3La all have a higher structural stability, and the alloying ability of Al2La and Al3La is stronger than that of AlLa3. The single-crystal elastic constants (Cij) as well as polycrystalline elastic parameters (bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E, Poisson's ratio υ and anisotropy value A) were calculated by the Voigt–Reuss–Hill (V–R–H) approximations, and the relationship of these elastic parameters between Al2La, AlLa3 and Al3La phases were discussed in detail. The results showed that Al2La and Al3La which are anisotropic materials are absolutely brittle, while the isotropic AlLa3 is slightly ductile. Finally, the electronic density of states (DOS) was also calculated to reveal the underlying mechanism of structural stability. 相似文献
15.
Abstract A stable decagonal quasicrystal in Al70Pd30?xMnx alloys (x = 10–20) was examined by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. The decagonal quasicrystalline grains are formed with definite crystallographic relationships to adjacent icosahedral and Al3Mn crystalline grains. The structure of the decagonal phase, which is formed as the main phase at near Al70Pd10Mn20 composition, is a mixture of decagonal quasicrystalline regions with some linear phason strain and microcrystalline regions. The structures of both regions may be interpreted in terms of quasiperiodic and periodic tilings, constructed with two types of bond lengths, S (about 2 nm) and L (= τ · S, where τ is the Golden ratio), of the same atom cluster with decagonal symmetry. 相似文献
16.
The lattice dynamics of quasicrystals includes local phason jumps as well as phonons. Phason dynamics is important for the understanding of both the structure and atomic motion in quasicrystals, leading to short-ranged atomic motion not involving vacancies in addition to diffusion. We have studied the phason and phonon dynamics of icosahedral i-Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5. Quasielastic Mössbauer spectroscopy (QMS) was used to probe the iron phason dynamics. Inelastic nuclear-resonant absorption (INA) of synchrotron radiation and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) were used to study the iron-partial as well as the total vibrational DOS (VDOS). We find from preliminary QMS studies that iron atoms jump on a time scale about two orders of magnitude slower than that found for copper. The EFG shows an abrupt change in slope at ca. 825 K which may be related to a transition from simple (isolated) to more complicated (co-operative) phason jumps. From INA we find that the iron-partial VDOS differs radically from that of the total (neutron-weighted) generalised VDOS measured by INS. Both these properties are related to the specific local environments of Fe and Cu in i-AlCuFe. 相似文献
17.
M. Sarvamangala M. Vijay Kumar S.M. Khened S. Basavaraja D.S. Shankar Rao 《Phase Transitions》2013,86(5):454-462
We report permittivity studies in the isotropic liquid and anisotropic liquid crystalline (nematic or N) phases of a binary system, in which one component has molecules with a strongly polar longitudinal group, and the other has a weakly polar transverse group. The dielectric constant in the isotropic phase as well as its anisotropy in the N phase show, surprisingly, an anomalous non-monotonic dependence with concentration having a peak-like behavior for 10.2 mol% concentration of the weakly polar constituent. The transition between the two phases, being weakly first order, exhibits pretransitional effects signifying the appearance of the N-like regions in the isotropic phase. The coordinates of the maximum point of the convex shaped temperature-dependence of the dielectric constant in the isotropic phase, characteristic of strongly polar systems, also exhibit a non-monotonic dependence with concentration. Possible causes for these observations are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Israel Felner Israel Nowik Bing Lv Joshua H. Tapp Zhongjia Tang Arnold M. Guloy 《Hyperfine Interactions》2009,191(1-3):61-65
The recently discovered superconducting materials, containing Fe and As, have raised huge interest. However most materials prepared to date, suffer from a varying degree of content of foreign phases, Fe2As, FeAs2 and FeAs, which can lead to wrong conclusions concerning the properties of these materials. Mössbauer Spectroscopy determines quite easily the relative content of the foreign phases. This procedure is demonstrated by a study of eight samples of three Fe–As based families of materials, RAsFeO1???x F x , Sr1???x K x Fe2As2 and LiFeAs, prepared in three different laboratories. 相似文献
19.
The density functional theory is used to study the local magnetic moments in Fe–Al alloys depending on concentration (from 29 to 44 at% Al) and the Fe nearest environment. We have found three different solutions for the system: a spin-spiral wave (SSW) which has a minimum energy and two collinear states, a ferromagnetic one and a state with both positive and negative Fe magnetic moments (the Fe atoms with many neighboring Al atoms around them have negative magnetic moments, while the other Fe atoms—positive). Both the SSW and the negative Fe moments agree with the experiments. Magnetization curves taken from the literature are analyzed. The assumption of percolation character of the size distribution of magnetic clusters describes well the experimental superparamagnetic behavior above 150 K. 相似文献
20.
Evolution of the heat-resistant phases and deformation behavior of α-Al matrix of four alloys have been characterized by SEM and EBSD. The strengthening mechanisms influenced by morphology and distribution of the heat-resistant phases were described. And the strain contouring of the α-Al matrix after deformation was rendered. The heat-resistant phases with block-like as reticular or semi-reticular network distribution exist in grain boundary can effectively provide elevated-temperature strength for alloys, while the strain contouring of α-Al matrix is mainly concentrated in the area with fewer intermetallic phases. It is shown that intermetallic phase evolution corresponds to extrusion treatment and the formation of eutectic Si and primary Si, highly interconnected networks of intermetallic phases exist in the alloy in which the primary Si and the eutectic Si are simultaneously present or disappeared. And only the disappearance of the primary Si and the extrusion treatment will destroy the network structure of the intermetallic phases. A reticular or semi-reticular microstructure is more capable of matching strength and plasticity and facilitating uniform deformation of the α-Al matrix. And the destruction of this microstructure is allowed to accommodate more plastic strain before failure. 相似文献