C36团簇自组装的分子动力学研究

提出了利用C36团簇在气相条件下自组装制备新纳米团簇的设想，并利用分子动力学方法模 拟了包括真实氦气氛作用的碳团簇生长过程，发现环境气体温度是影响最后所生成的团簇结 构的关键因素：C36团簇在1000?K到2000?K的温度范围内，自组装形成保持C36线径特征的 蚕茧状新纳米团簇；在高于2000?K的温度下，最后形成的团簇趋于球状. 关键词： 分子动力学模拟 纳米碳团簇     

Molecular dynamics study of self-diffusion in stoichiometric B2-NiAl crystals

Self-diffusion parameters in stoichiometric B2-NiAl solid state crystals were estimated by molecular statics/dynamics simulations with the study of required simulation time to stabilise diffusivity results. An extrapolation procedure to improve the diffusion simulation results was proposed. Calculations of volume diffusivity for the B2 type NiAl in the 1224–1699?K temperature range were performed using the embedded-atom-model potential. The results obtained here are in much better agreement with the experimental results than the theoretical estimates obtained with other methods.     

Modeling of Surface Diffusion in hcp Zr and Ti

The statics and dynamics of vacancies and adatoms on different surface orientations in two hcp materials are studied by using static relaxation techniques and many-body potentials. Formation and migration energies and entropies as well as attempt frequencies are evaluated and used in the random walk approach to obtain correlation factors and diffusivities. It is found that the main features of surface diffusion are dominated by jumps on and between a few atomic layers, so that a consistent comparison between the two mechanisms is feasible. The activation energies and the diffusivities for different environments, namely, bulk Q _b, D _b, symmetric grain boundaries Q _gb, D _gb, and surfaces, Q _s, D _s, calculated using the same simulation technique and interatomic potentials, fulfil the expected relationships Q _s < Q _gb < Q _b and D _s > D _gb > D _b. It is also found that generally adatoms are faster surface diffusers than vacancies.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of self-diffusion coefficients for liquid metals

The temperature-dependent coefficients of self-diffusion for liquid metals are simulated by molecular dynamics meth ods based on the embedded-atom-method （EAM） potential function. The simulated results show that a good inverse linear relation exists between the natural logarithm of self-diffusion coefficients and temperature, though the results in the litera ture vary somewhat, due to the employment of different potential functions. The estimated activation energy of liquid metals obtained by fitting the Arrhenius formula is close to the experimental data. The temperature-dependent shear-viscosities obtained from the Stokes-Einstein relation in conjunction with the results of molecular dynamics simulation are generally consistent with other values in the literature.     

分子动力学方法研究金属Ti中He小团簇的迁移

采用分子动力学方法模拟了不同温度下He原子及He团簇在金属Ti中的迁移特性,并计算了扩散前系数和激活能. 研究发现这种扩散的各向异性非常显著,具体表现在He原子及He团簇在不同方向上扩散系数的前系数完全不同,但它们的激活能却相同. 研究表明:在预测金属中He的扩散行为时,必须采用动态模拟方法才能得到准确的前系数,仅仅考虑势垒的静态模拟方法是不行的. 另外,还发现一个不同于直觉的现象,即较低温度下He二聚物的扩散系数比单个He原子的扩散系数大;此外,在所模拟的温度范围内Arrhenius方程能够很好地描述它们的扩散. 这说明动力学模拟对预测金属中He的扩散行为具有重要的意义. 关键词： 分子动力学 扩散系数 各向异性 氦     

Cation self-diffusion in disordered VOx

The diffusion of ⁴⁸V in disordered VO_x, crystals has been measured by a serial-sectioning technique as a function of temperature (1100–1500°C) over the homogeneity range 0.78 < x < 1.28. The temperature dependence of the cation tracer diffusivity at each fixed composition is characterized by an Arrhenius behavior in the temperature range 1100–1500°C. The Arrhenius parameters decrease rather sharply near the stoichiometric composition as the composition increases from the metal-rich to the metal-deficient regime; the activation energy for diffusion decreases from ~71 $\text{kcal}\text{mole}$ to ~48 $\text{kcal}\text{mole}$, and the frequency factor decreases by nearly two orders of magnitude (from ~5 $\text{cm}{}^2\text{s}$ to ~0.05 $\text{cm}{}^2\text{s)}$. It is concluded that the significant difference in the cation self-diffusion behavior between the metal-rich and the metal-deficient VO_x may be attributed to the significant differences in the defect structures of the two regimes. The various possible diffusion mechanisms are explored, and comparisons of the cation diffusion behavior in VO_x, with that of the related transition-metal monoxides TiO_x and Fe_1?δO are made. It is concluded that the experimental results for the entire composition range are consistent with the process of diffusion occurring by the migration of monovacancies in equilibrium with defect clusters, the nature of the clusters being different for x < 1 and x #62;; 1.     

二元Lennard-Jones液体的相分离过程及其扩散性质的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法,研究了二元体系中相分离过程、粒子的扩散系数以及相分离域尺寸大小随温度的变化规律.发现,相分离域随温度的生长过程可以分为两个阶段,分别是温度比较高的快速生长阶段和低温时的稳定生长阶段;相分离体系中系统的扩散激活能不是常数,而是一个随温度变化的函数,并且当温度高于60 K时,满足关系式E(T)=a+bT^c.讨论了组元尺寸的变化对相分离过程的影响.结果表明,随两组元中某一组元 关键词： 相分离 扩散 分子动力学模拟     

Molecular dynamics simulations of compressed hydrogen

Abstract

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for highly compressed fluid hydrogen in the density and temperature regime of recent shock-compression experiments. Both density functional and tight-binding electronic structure techniques have been used to describe interatomic forces. Two tight-binding models of hydrogen have been developed with a single s-type orbital on each atom that reproduce properties of the dimer, of various crystalline structures, and of the fluid. The simulations indicate that the rapid rise in the electrical conductivity observed in the gas-gun experiments depends critically on the dissociated atoms (monomers). We find that the internal structure of warm, dense hydrogen has a pronounced time-dependent nature with the continual dissociation of molecules (dimers) and association of atoms (monomers). Finally, Hugoniots derived from the equations-of-state of these models do not exhibit the large compressions predicted by the recent laser experiments.     

水在不均匀纳米通道内自扩散性质的分子动力学研究

本文用分子动力学(MD)方法模拟了受限水在不均匀润湿性微通道中的自扩散性质.通过考察不均匀润湿通道内水的自扩散行为,发现在微通道中水的扩散性质表现出明显的尺度效应,随着通道高度的增加水的扩散增强.更重要的是,由于通道高度的不同,通道内的不均匀润湿段对水的扩散与均匀通道相比有不同的影响.当通道高度为0.8 nm时,不均匀润湿通道内水的扩散增强;当通道高度为1.0 nm时,不均匀润湿通道内水的扩散减弱;而当通道高度达到1.2 nm时,不均匀润湿通道内水的扩散基本相同.     

硅晶体中点缺陷结合过程的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法模拟研究了硅晶体中的空位和间隙原子的结合过程. 研究中采用了Stilliger-Weber三体经验势描述原子间的相互作用, 系统分别在低温300K和高温1400K进行弛豫. 计算中发现空位和间隙原子倾向于通过<111>方向结合，而<110>方向上存在着势垒. 通过势垒值的计算, 对Tang和Zawadzki势垒计算值的差异进行了解释. 关键词： 分子动力学 空位与间隙原子 扩散     

SiC纳米纤维/C/SiC复合材料拉伸行为的分子动力学研究

本文采用分子动力学计算方法和Tersoff作用势研究了无定型碳(amorphous carbon, a-C) 涂层厚度对SiC纳米纤维/SiC纳米复合材料断裂方式及力学性能的影响. 分析结果发现, 随着涂层厚度的增加, 纳米纤维的平均应力集中系数下降, 即足够厚度涂层可以同时起到增强和补韧的作用. 当a-C涂层厚度t ≤ 0.3 nm时, 裂纹直接穿透纤维, 纳米复合材料表现出典型的脆性断裂方式; t = 4.0 nm时, 裂纹发生偏转, SiC纳米纤维发生拔出现象, 此时纳米复合材料的拉伸强度约为无涂层纳米复合材料的4倍, 断裂能则提高一个数量级. 计算结果表明, a-C涂层的厚度是SiC纳米纤维/SiC纳米复合材料中产生韧性机理的重要因素, 即传统微米级陶瓷基复合材料的增韧理论在纳米复合材料中仍适用. 研究结果可望为设计同时具有高强度、高韧性的陶瓷基纳米复合材料提供理论基础.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of thermodynamic properties of YAG

In this paper we study the thermodynamic properties of Y分子动力学;热力学;扩散;热学YAG, diffusion, elastic constant, molecular dynamicsProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No~10744002).2/2/2007 12:00:00 AMIn this paper we study the thermodynamic properties of Y3Al5O12 （YAG） by using molecular dynamic method combined with two- and three-body potentials. The dependences of melting process, elastic constant and diffusion coefficient on temperature of crystal YAG are simulated and compared with the experimental results. Our results show that anion O has the biggest self-diffusivity and cation Y has the smallest self-diffusivity in a crystal YAG. The calculated diffusion activation energies of ions O, Al and Y are 282.55, 439.46, 469.71kJ/mol, respectively. Comparing with experimental creep activation energy of YAG confirms that cation Y can restrict the diffusional creep rate of crystal YAG.     

The influence of changes in the framework on the diffusion in zeolites. Molecular dynamics simulations

Some less known methods are described for the analysis of trajectories of guest molecules in porous solids. Such trajectories can be calculated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) computer simulations in order to analyze the interrelations between the structure and the particle behaviour including collective phenomena. Some results obtained with these methods for diffusing methane in zeolites of type LTA are presented. An analytical potential model for LTA type zeolites is given that make extremely long runs or simulations of large lattice regions for systems with rigid lattice possible. Such runs are necessary e.g. to examine questions as the influence of extented lattice defects or the fractal behaviour of the partical trajectories.     

碳化硅中点缺陷对热传导性能影响的分子动力学研究

碳化硅(SiC)由于性能优异,已广泛应用于核技术领域.在辐照环境下,载能入射粒子可使材料中的原子偏离晶体格点位置,进而产生过饱和的空位、间隙原子、错位原子等点缺陷,这些缺陷将改变材料的热物性能,劣化材料的服役性能.因此,本文利用平衡分子动力学方法(Green-Kubo方法)采用Tersoff型势函数研究了点缺陷对立方碳化硅(β-SiC或3C-SiC)热传导性能的影响规律.研究过程中考虑的点缺陷包括:Si间隙原子(Si_Ⅰ)、Si空位(Si_Ⅴ)、Si错位原子(Si_C)、C间隙原子(C_Ⅰ)、C空位(C_Ⅴ)和C错位原子(C_Si).研究结果表明,热导率(λ)随点缺陷浓度(c)的增加而减小.在研究的点缺陷浓度范围(点缺陷与格点的比例范围为0.2%—1.6%),额外热阻率(Δ_R-R_defect-R_perfect,R=1/λ,R_defect为含缺陷材料的热阻率,R_perfec...     

金属钨中氦行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了氦在金属钨中的扩散聚集行为. 首先,建立了氦与钨原子间相互作用势,短程部分采用ZBL势形式,长程部分采用从头算法数据,实现了两者之间的平滑连接. 通过计算氦在钨中不同间隙位的形成能发现,单个氦原子更易存在于金属钨中的四面体间隙位,这与最新的研究成果是一致的. 在400-1200 K的温度范围内,考察了氦原子在金属钨中的扩散行为,获得了扩散迁移能,其值介于实验值和从头算法结果之间. 最后,研究了氦的聚集行为,从能量的角度考察了氦团簇形成初期的生长机理. 研究发现,在氦团簇形成初期,氦团簇对氦的结合能随着氦团簇的生长有逐渐增大的趋势,说明氦团簇吸收氦的能力逐渐增强. 关键词： 氦扩散 氦团簇 辐照损伤 分子动力学模拟     

Ti75Al25合金微观结构演变的分子动力学模拟

本文利用分子动力学模拟方法, 研究了液态Ti75Al25合金在不同冷却条件下形成晶体及非晶的过程(Q1:1.0×1013 Ks-1, Q2: 1.0×1011 Ks-1). 利用平均原子体积、双体分布函数、键角分布函数、键对分析和Voronoi多面体方法研究了微观局域结构随温度的变化关系. 研究发现：在Q1冷却过程中,液态Ti75Al25合金在1000 K发生玻璃化转变,形成非晶结构; 而在Q2冷却过程中,液态Ti75Al25合金发生结晶,并最终形成hcp晶体结构。     

Ti75Al25合金微观结构演变的分子动力学模拟

本文利用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了液态Ti₇₅Al₂₅合金在不同冷却条件下形成晶体及非晶的过程(Q1:1.0×10¹³K Ks^-1,Q2:1.0×10¹¹Ks^-1).利用平均原子体积、双体分布函数、键角分布函数、键对分析和Voronoi多面体方法研究了微观局域结构随温度的变化关系.研究发现:在Q1冷却过程中,液态Ti₇₅A1₂₅合金在1000 K发生玻璃化转变,形成非晶结构;而在Q2冷却过程中,液态Ti₇₅Al₂₅合金发生结晶,并最终形成hcp晶体结构.     

Molecular dynamics study for the thermal conductivity of diatomic liquid

The thermal conductivity of diatomic liquids was analyzed using a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method. Five liquids, namely, O₂, CO, CS₂, Cl₂ and Br₂, were assumed. The two-center Lennard-Jones (2CLJ) model was used to express the intermolecular potential acting on liquid molecules. First, the equation of state of each liquid was obtained using MD simulation, and the critical temperature, density and pressure of each liquid were determined. Heat conduction of each liquid at various liquid states [metastable (ρ=1.9ρ_cr), saturated (ρ=2.1ρ_cr), and stable (ρ=2.3ρ_cr)] at T=0.7T_cr was simulated and the thermal conductivity was estimated. These values were compared with experimental results and it was confirmed that the simulated results were consistent with the experimental data within 10%. Obtained thermal conductivities at saturated state were reduced by the critical temperature, density and mass of molecules and these values were compared with each other. It was found that the reduced thermal conductivity increased with the increase in the molecular elongation. Detailed analysis of the molecular contribution to the thermal conductivity revealed that the contribution of the heat flux caused by energy transport and by translational energy transfer to the thermal conductivity is independent of the molecular elongation while the contribution of the heat flux caused by rotational energy transfer to the thermal conductivity increases with the increase in the molecular elongation. Moreover, by comparing the reduced thermal conductivity at various states, it was found that the increase of thermal conductivity with the increase in the density, or pressure, was caused by the increase of the contribution of energy transfer due to molecular interaction.     

Molecular kinetic theory of boundary slip on textured surfaces by molecular dynamics simulations

A theoretical model extended from the Frenkel-Eyring molecular kinetic theory (MKT) was applied to describe the boundary slip on textured surfaces. The concept of the equivalent depth of potential well was adopted to characterize the solid-liquid interactions on the textured surfaces. The slip behaviors on both chemically and topographically textured surfaces were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The extended MKT slip model is validated by our MD simulations under various situations, by constructing different complex surfaces and varying the surface wettability as well as the shear stress exerted on the liquid. This slip model can provide more comprehensive understanding of the liquid flow on atomic scale by considering the influence of the solid-liquid interactions and the applied shear stress on the nano-flow. Moreover, the slip velocity shear-rate dependence can be predicted using this slip model, since the nonlinear increase of the slip velocity under high shear stress can be approximated by a hyperbolic sine function.     

双酚A在氧化石墨烯表面吸附的分子动力学模拟

双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)是一种内分泌干扰物,会对机体多方面产生不良影响,包括生殖系统、神经系统、胚胎发育等.因此,在水环境中如何检测和去除BPA显得尤为重要.实验研究表明,氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)对BPA具有优异的吸附去除性能,但在分子层面的吸附机制尚不清楚.分子动力学模拟,能提供BPA在GO表面的动态吸附过程以及吸附构象等详细信息,可以弥补实验的不足.本文利用GROMACS分子动力学模拟软件,系统模拟了BPA在含GO的水溶液中的吸附过程,并计算了吸附自由能.结果显示:所有的BPA均被吸附在GO两侧,通过分析BPA的吸附构象以及与GO的相互作用,发现π-π疏水作用对吸附起主导作用,且显示出很好的稳定性,而静电和氢键作用增加了GO的吸附能力.通过自由能计算,BPA在GO表面的结合能达30 k J/mol,远大于水分子的5 k J/mol.这些结果进一步证实GO对BPA具有很强的吸附能力以及GO作为吸附剂在水溶液中去除BPA的可行性.