Alkylation of flavins using methyl fluorosulfonate

A method for N³ methylation of flavins is described using methyl fluorosulfonate. The reaction proceeds through O alkylation of the carbonyls followed by an O to N rearrangement.     

Theoretical study of electronic spectra of the DNA bases

Excited π-electronic states of cytosine and uracil are calculated by the CI method. The effects of a transition from the single-excited configuration set to the set involving all double-excited configurations are considered. The set expansion is shown to affect essentially the transition energies and oscillator strengths, in particular, an additional electron transition related to the first absorption band occurs in the singlet uracil spectrum. When doubly excitations are taken into account the triplet transition energies considerably increase and become practically insensitive to repulsion integral parametrization.     

三种黄酮类化合物的电子吸收光谱的理论研究

黄酮类化合物普遍存在于天然产物中,具有多种生理活性.本文中我们用密度泛函理论优化了3种黄酮类化合物的几何结构,用含时密度泛函理论计算了它们的垂直激发能,并拟合了它们的电子吸收光谱,同时还预测了它们的抗氧化活性.结果表明,拟合的光谱与实验光谱符合较好,很好地解释了实验光谱;3种黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性均高于维生素C.     

Theoretical studies on the electronic spectra of substituted aromatic molecules

A simple Pariser-Parr-Pople-electron SCF method (i.e. one in which parameter variation with charge densities and bond orders is neglected) is used to predict the first three electronic transitions and the ionization potentials of polysubstituted benzenes and five-membered ring heterocyclics containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The parameters were chosen to fit results for the monosubstituted benzenes and then tested on the polysubstituted compounds, using charge transfer data and oxidation potentials to estimate the ionization potentials. No serious deviations other than those which could be ascribed to steric effects for the ortho disubstituted compounds were found, indicating that penetration integrals and non-nearest-neighbor effects can be absorbed into the semi-empirical parameters. For the five-membered ring heterocyclics it is shown that it is unsatisfactory to use the simple parent compounds, pyrrole, furan, and thiophene as reference molecules in choosing parameters, since satisfactory choices for these molecules often give quite unrealistic results for the corresponding benzo and dibenzo derivatives. Sets of parameters which give consistent results for the parent and the benzo and dibenzo derivatives are given for the nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur heterocyclics.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels eines PPP-SCF-Verfahrens (mit von der Dichtematrix unabhängigen Parametern) werden die drei ersten Elektronenübergänge und Ionisationspotentiale von mehrfach-substituierten Benzolen sowie von heterocyclischen Fünfringen mit N, O und S berechnet. Die Parameter wurden an den einfach-substituierten Benzolen adjustiert. Bei Übertragung auf polysubstituierte Verbindungen ergaben sich nur bei den ortho-disubstituierten Abweichungen, die auf den spezifischen sterischen Verhältnissen beruhen dürften. Daraus wird der Schluß gezogen, daß Durchdringungsintegrale und Effekte übernächster Nachbarn in die Parameter eingeschlossen werden können. Im Fall der Fünfringe zeigt sich, daß man besser nicht die einfachen und unsubstituierten Ringe für die Parameterwahl benützt, weil man sonst oft für Benzo- und Dibenzoabkömmlinge unrealistische Resultate erhält. Dagegen lassen sich Parametersätze finden, die für alle drei Typen befriedigende Ergebnisse liefern.

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Résumé Une méthode SCF Pariser-Parr-Pople pour électrons, sans variation des paramètres avec les charges et les indices de liaison, est utilisée pour prédire les trois premières transitions électroniques et les potentiels d'ionisation des benzènes polysubstitués et des hétérocycles pentagonaux contenant de l'azote de l'oxygène et du soufre. Les paramètres ont été ajustés sur les benzènes mono-substitués et testés sur les composés polysubstitués, en utilisant les données du transfert de charge et les potentiels d'oxydation pour évaluer les potentiels d'ionisation. Peu d'écarts importants ont été obtenus, en dehors de ceux que l'on peut attribuer à des effets stériques dans les composés di substitués en ortho; ceci indique que les intégrales de pénétration et les effets des voisins lointains peuvent être introduits dans les paramètres semi-empiriques. En ce qui concerne les hétérocycles à cinq atomes, on montre qu'il n'est pas satisfaisant d'utiliser les composés parents simples: pyrrole, furane et thiophène, comme molécules de référence pour le choix des paramètres, car on obtient ainsi des résultats souvent non réalistes pour les dérivés benzo et di benzo correspondants. On donne des paramètres permettant d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants dans ces cas.

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NASA Research Trainee 1967.     

Theoretical study on the electronic spectra in cyclic 1,2-diketones

The structural and electronic properties of some α-diketones have been investigated theoretically by performing both Hartree–Fock and density functional theory calculations at HF/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) levels of theory.The electronic spectra were calculated by ZINDO and TD methods at each level of theory. The wavelength of the n → π1 electronic transitions was correlated with the torsion angle between the two carbonyl groups in these compounds. The study revealed that the n → π1 electronic transitions in the studied compounds are functions of the torsion angles between the two carbonyl groups within the linkage CO–CO.     

Theoretical interpretation of the electronic spectra of nitrobenzene and benzoic acid

At theoretical study is reported of the electronic spectra of nitrobenzene and benzoic acid by the CNDO/2 method (del Bene and Jaffé's version). An a     

Theoretical study of the polarized electronic absorption spectra of vanadium-doped zircon

The polarized electronic absorption spectra of a blue vanadium-doped zircon single crystal, grown by the flux method, has been studied by quantum chemical (CI) calculations in order to determine the position of the V⁴⁺ dopant in the zircon host structure. Particularly, the excitation energies and polarizations of V⁴⁺ occupying alternate positions, either the zirconium or silicon position or the interstitial site 16g, have been considered. It is concluded that the observed electronic absorption spectra and the color of zirconblue can only be explained if the V⁴⁺ chromophore is placed on the respective interstitial position.     

Theoretical study of the shifts of electronic spectra from solute-solvent interaction

Previous theories of spectral solvent shifts are briefly discussed. The basic dipole approximation is analyzed both theoretically and in relation to experimental information. On account of the restricted validity of this approximation — especially for molecules consisting of several polar groups — another, electrostatic model, originating from the Born charging, is investigated. This model is applied to semi-empirical PPP-calculations of spectral solvent shifts of some quinones. Among other things, this model predicts that not only n → π⁸ transitions may be blue shifted but also certain π → π* transitions. When the electrostatic effect is small, other terms may be responsible for the solvent shift, e.g. polarizability. The cavity effect is not expected to be important in the present context.     

Theoretical study of electronic spectra and photophysics of uracil derivatives

The changes that the UV absorption spectrum and the photophysics of uracil undergo under hydrogen substitution or deprotonation, were studied theoretically within the CS-INDO/CI scheme. First of all this method was tested on uracil. It was then used for the calculation of the electronic structure of excited states (Sn, Tn) of a large number of uracil derivatives (1-, 3- and 5-methyluracil; 1,3-, 1,5- and 3,5-dimethyluracil; 5-fluoro- and 5-chlorouracil), including some anions (1- and 3-methyluracil anion). The excited states were obtained in the singly-excited configuration interaction approximation (S-CI) and the correlation effects on (pi pi*) states were studied by including the most important doubly- and triply-excited configurations in the CI. The S-CI wavefunctions were used for the calculation of the most important electronic matrix elements for spin-orbit coupling. The photophysics of these compounds is discussed using Jablonski diagrams.     

Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and spectra of single silicon-doped SWCNTs

The equilibrium geometries and electronic structures of a series of SWCNTs doped with a silicon atom were studied by using density function theory (DFT). The most stable doping site of silicon predicted at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level was located near the boundary of the SWCNTs. The energy gaps of (3,3) C₄₈, (3,3) C₆₀ and (3,3) C₇₂ were respectively decreased by 0.43, 0.25 and 0.14 eV after doping. Based on the B3LYP/6-31G(d) optimized geometries, the electronic spectra of the doped SWCNTs were computed using the INDO/CIS method. The first UV absorption at 973.9 nm of (5,5)-Si(L) (C₅₉Si) compared with that at 937.5 nm of (5,5) (C₆₀) was red-shifted. The ¹³C NMR spectra and nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS) of the doped SWCNTs were investigated at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The chemical shift at 119.4 of the carbon atom bonded with the silicon atom in (3,3)-Si(L) (C₅₉Si) in comparison with that at 144.1 of the same carbon atom in (3,3) (C₆₀) moved upfield. The tendency of the aromaticity (NICS = −0.1) for (3,3)-Si(H) (C₄₇Si) with respect to that of the anti-aromaticity (NICS = 6.0) for (3,3) (C₄₈) was predicted.      

Theoretical study of the electronic spectra ofcis-1,3,5-hexatriene andcis-1,3-butadiene

Summary The electronic spectra forcis-1,3-butadiene andcis-1,3,5-hexatriene have been studied using multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) and extended ANO basis sets. The calculations comprise all singlet valence excited states below 8.0 eV, the first 3s, 3p, 3d Rydberg states, and the second 3s state. The four lowest triplet states were also studied. The resulting excitation energies forcis-hexatriene have been used in an assignment of the experimental spectrum, leading to a maximum deviation of 0.13 eV for the vertical transition energies. The calculations place the 1¹ B ₂ state 0.04 eV below the 2¹ A ₁ state. 16 excited states were studied incis-butadiene, using a CASPT2 optimized ground state geometry. The 1¹ B ₂ state was located at 5.58 eV, 0.46 eV below the 2¹ A ₁ state and 0.09 eV above the experimental value. No experimental assignments are available for the 15 other transitions. On leave from: Departmento de Quimica Física, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-46100-Valencia, Spain     

洛汾碱衍生物的电子结构及光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP/6-31G*方法,对4种洛汾碱类化合物的几何构型进行了优化,在此基础上计算分子的电子结构,并结合有限场FF方法研究了二阶非线性光学(NLO)性质.用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对上述化合物分子进行吸收光谱的研究.研究表明在4,5-二-苯基-2-对甲酰苯基咪唑生色团中4,5苯环上引入硝基和3位N原子引入苄基改变分子的共轭平面,使二阶非线性极化率总有效值(βtot)减小,吸收峰总体蓝移.同时还发现,在CH2Cl2溶剂中a和c分子的λmax主要来源于HOMO→LUMO的π一π*跃迁,b和d分子的λmax主要来源于HOMO→LUMO+2的π→π*跃迁.     

Theoretical study on the structures and electronic spectra of TCNE2-.

Investigations into the charge-separated states and electron-transfer transitions in tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) complexes have recently generated much interest. In this work we present theoretical calculations showing that the most stable structure of the dianion TCNE2- has D2d symmetry in vacuum as well as in the solvents dichloromethane and acetonitrile. By means of the coupled cluster linear response, we compute the vertical electronic spectrum in both the gas phase and solution. The theoretical results are compared to the experimental data and good agreement is achieved.     

Raman spectra of flavins: avoidance of interference from fluorescence

Raman spectra of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in neutral aqueous solutions have been observed with excitations at 600.0, 363.8, 351.1, 337.1, and 257.3 nm. It has been suggested that, in general, an excitation in the absorption band of the second or the third longest waveleng (instead of the first) is an effective means for observing a resonance Raman spectrum of a chromophore without fluorescence disturbance.     

Theoretical study of solvent influence on the electronic absorption and emission spectra of kynurenine

Neutral/zwitterionic form equilibrium, excited state wave functions, absorption and emission spectra of kynurenine (KN) in various solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, and dimethylsulfoxide) have been studied theoretically. The ground electronic state geometries have been optimized by density functional theory methods; the geometries of the first two singlets excited electronic states have been optimized using the CASSCF technique. The influence of the solvent was taken into account by the calculation of the solvation free energies using the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). The spectra of electronic absorption and fluorescence emission have been calculated by the CS‐INDO S‐CI and SDT‐CI methods [Momicchioli, Baraldi, and Bruni, Chem Phys, 1983, 82, 229]. The calculated data reproduce the experimental positions of maxima and the solvent‐induced shifts of the absorption and emission bands well. The energy gap between the two lowest excited states of KN increases from aprotic to protic solvents. This fact suggests that the “proximity effect” cannot be responsible for the ultrafast decay of KN fluorescence in protic solvents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

Theoretical investigation of the electronic spectra of aromatic nitrosooxides with allowance for solvent effects

Density functional theory methods correctly describe some properties of nitrosooxides. Electronic spectral data have been calculated for seven para-substituted aromatic nitrosooxides in different solvents using the UB3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) approximation. The calculated positions of maxima in UV spectra correlate with experimental data with high coefficient. Equations are suggested for predicting the positions of absorption maxima for the para-R-C₆H₄-NOO under study.     

Theoretical studies on the structures and electronic spectra of C75B−

Intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) calculations were used to study the structure of C₇₅B^?—the isoelectronic molecule of C₇₆. It was found that the boron atom mainly substitutes the second carbon atom (there are 19 types of carbon atoms in C₇₆). The electronic spectra of all the possible isomers of C₇₅B^? were calculated based on the optimized geometries. It was shown that the UV‐Vis spectra of C₇₅B^? and C₇₆ resemble each other in many ways with the exception of the absorptions beyond 700 nm. The red shift of the absorptions was rationalized and nature of transition of the peaks discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003     

Theoretical study of electronic structure of rhodium mononitride and interpretation of experimental spectra

Potential energy curves of 22 electronic states of RhN have been calculated by the complete active space second‐order perturbation theory method. The X¹Σ₀⁺ is assigned as the ground state, and the first excited state a³Π₀+ is 978 cm^?1 higher. The ¹Δ(I) and B¹Σ⁺ states are located at 9521 and 13,046 cm^?1 above the ground state, respectively. The B¹Σ⁺ state should be the excited state located 12,300 cm^?1 above the ground state in the experimental study. Moreover, two excited states, C¹Π and b³Σ⁺, are found 14,963 and 15,082 cm^?1 above the X¹Σ⁺ state, respectively. The transition C¹Π₁–X¹Σ₀⁺ may contribute to the experimentally observed bands headed at 15,071 cm^?1. There are two excited states, D¹Δ and E¹Σ⁺, situate at 20,715 and 23,145 cm^?1 above the X¹Σ⁺ state. The visible bands near 20,000 cm^?1 could be generated by the electronic transitions D¹Δ₂–a³Π₁ and E¹Σ⁺₀–X¹Σ⁺₀ because of the spin–orbit coupling effect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.