Self-diffusion in liquid lithium from coherent quasielastic neutron scattering

Using the method of quasielastic coherent neutron scattering by liquid lithium, the temperature dependence of self-diffusion coefficient is investigated and compared with analogous data extracted by the incoherent scattering method.     

Self-diffusion in liquid lithium and lead from coherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering data

The temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient of liquid lithium in the temperature range of 500–830 K has been investigated using coherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Good agreement with the results obtained from incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments traditionally used for this purpose has been achieved, as well as with the corresponding literature data. In addition, one temperature point (623 K) has been obtained for the self-diffusion coefficient of liquid lead, which is a pure coherent scatterer.     

Self-diffusion in liquid metals

A survey is made of all published data on self-diffusion in liquid metals and an examination is carried out on the temperature-dependence of D for studies covering a wide range of temperatures. Log D versus 1/T and D versus T represent the best data equally well, while D versus T ^1/2 and D versus T ² do not. The proper functional form is taken to be D=CT experimentally, and a simple free diffusion theory is developed from the standpoint of vibrational atom motion. An equation having no adjustable parameters results (D=k ² ? _D T/hk), in which κ is the vibrational force constant. Values calculated for D at the melting point are in good agreement with experimental values for potassium, sodium, copper and silver, but are below the measured values for lead, indium, zinc and tin.     

Self-diffusion in liquid interfaces

For studying self-diffusion in liquid interfaces, 59Fe tracer diffusion was measured on ultrafine-grained Nd2Fe14B which undergoes an intergranular melting transition for low Nd excess. The diffusion coefficient in the intergranular liquid layers is found to be lower than in bulk melts indicating a hampered atomic mobility due to confinement. Well above the intergranular melting transition, the diffusivity in the liquid interfaces approaches a value characteristic for bulk melts.     

Self-diffusion in gaseous and liquid ethylene

Proton spin echoes at 24 MHz have been used in an accurate study of the self-diffusion coefficient in gaseous and liquid ethylene over a large range of density and temperature. The high temperature data are well described by the corrected Enskog theory. As the temperature is lowered, increasing deviations from the hard sphere behaviour are observed, which are in qualitative agreement with computer simulations on square-well and Lennard-Jones particles.     

Self-diffusion of lithium,hydrogen, and oxygen ions in crystalline lithium hydroxide

The self-diffusion coefficients of ions of the three chemical elements forming lithium hydroxide have been determined by the crystal-crystal and crystal-gas isotope exchange method in the temperature range 500–720 K. Crystal samples with different isotope compositions have been grown by the Bridgman method from melts. The melting temperature is 743 ± 2 K. Original methods have been developed for high-precision measurements of the isotope ratios of all three elements, i.e., lithium (⁶Li/⁷Li), hydrogen (H/D), and oxygen (¹⁶O/¹⁸O), and their changes after diffusion annealings with the use of the same sample. The self-diffusion coefficients of lithium and hydrogen ions differ but by a factor of no more than 3–5; however, their values exceed those for oxygen by several orders of magnitude. In particular, at 670 K, they are equal to 6.0 × 10⁻⁹, 3.2 × 10⁻⁹, and 2.0 × 10⁻¹² cm² s⁻¹ for hydrogen, lithium, and oxygen, respectively. In the range 680–720 K, the self-diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and lithium increase sharply with increasing temperature to approximately 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹. A probable mechanism of migration of protons and lithium ions in LiOH and the role played in this process by the oxygen ions with a lower mobility have been discussed.     

Self-diffusion in a liquid complex plasma

Self-diffusion has been experimentally studied in a two-dimensional underdamped liquid complex (dusty) plasma. It was found that the self-diffusion coefficient D increases linearly with the temperature T: D/omega(E)a2 = (0.019 +/- 0.007)(T/T(m) - 1), where T(m), omega(E), and a are the melting temperature, the Einstein frequency, and the mean particle separation, respectively. No superdiffusion was observed, whereas a subdiffusion occurred at temperatures close to melting.     

Spatial periphery of lithium isotopes

The spatial structure of lithium isotopes is studied with the aid of the charge-exchange and (t, p) reactions on lithium nuclei. It is shown that an excited isobaric-analog state of ⁶Li (0⁺, 3.56MeV) has a halo structure formed by a proton and a neutron, that, in the ⁹Li nucleus, there is virtually no neutron halo, and that ¹¹Li is a Borromean nucleus formed by a ⁹Li core and a two-neutron halo manifesting itself in cigar-like and dineutron configurations.     

Spatial periphery of lithium and beryllium isotopes

The spatial structure of the periphery of lithium and beryllium isotopes is studied by means of charge-exchange reactions and the (t, p) and (d, p) reactions on their nuclei. It is shown that the 0⁺ isobaric-analog state of ⁶Li at 3.56 MeV has a halo structure formed by a proton and a neutron, that there is virtually no manifestation of a neutron halo in the ground state of the ⁹Li nucleus, and that the ¹¹Li nucleus has a Borromean halo structure that two neutrons form with respect to the ⁹Li core and which manifests itself in cigar and dineutron configurations. The ¹⁰Be nucleus has a substantial two-neutron periphery in either configuration both in the ground and in the 2⁺ excited state at 3.37MeV.     

Normal parity states in lithium isotopes

Shell model calculations are reported for the properties of normal parity states of ⁷Li, ⁸Li and ⁹Li. Fits to new experimental data are displayed, some ambiguities resolved, and structure information provided for help in further investigations.     

Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov description of the lithium isotopes

Here we report the development of the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in coordinate space. Pairing correlations are taken into account by both density dependent force of zero range and finite range Gogny force. As a primary application the relativistic HB theory is used to describe the chain of Lithium isotopes reaching from ⁶Li to ¹¹Li. In contrast to earlier investigations within a relativistic mean field theory and a density dependent Hartree Fock theory, where the halo in ¹¹Li could only be reproduced by an artificial shift of the 1p _1/2 level close to the continuum limit, the halo is now reproduced in a self-consistent way without further modifications using the scattering of Cooper pairs to the 2s _1/2 level in the continuum. Excellent agreement with recent experimental data is observed.     

Self-diffusion coefficient of nematic liquid crystals from diffusion concentration gradient

A dynamic study of the mass transport by optical methods provides a new approach to evaluate the nematic self-diffusion coefficient. This value is obtained by extrapolation to C = 0 in an empirical relation D_C = D₀ exp (-βC), where D_C is the mass-corrected impurity diffusion coefficient and C is the local concentration of the diffusion profile.     

Neutron scattering length of lithium and boron and their isotopes

Coherent neutron scattering lengths and free cross sections were measured in order to determine the spin dependent scattering lengths of the isotopes of Li and B. The transmission measurements on Li at neutron energies of 0.51 meV, 1.26 eV and 5.19 eV delivered data for the⁶Li-abundances in the samples and for the free scattering cross section of⁷Li. By means of experiments on 15 different samples of lithium compounds we obtained the complex spin state scattering lengths for the bound atoms to be: (ie81-01) Measurements on 3 boron samples with different enrichments led to (ie81-02) A review on slow neutron scattering and resonance data shows an over all consistency of all values.     

Self-diffusion and density of liquid hexafluorobenzene as a function of pressure and temperature

Measurements of self-diffusion coefficients to pressures of 2000 bar? 1 bar ≡ 10⁵ N m^-2. and densities to 2600 bar, except where limited by freezing, have been made for liquid hexafluorobenzene C₆F₆ at eight temperatures from 15°C to 150°C. The N.M.R. spin echo technique was used for the self-diffusion measurements, and the densities were determined with a densitometer of the bellows-slidewire type. The density data have been fitted satisfactorily to a modified form of the Tait equation, and the self-diffusion results were reproduced by a polynominal in pressure for each isotherm.

Several models of transport in liquids were evaluated. All models depend sensitively upon a quantity ν-ν₀, the difference between the specific volume of the liquid and that of a hypothetical dense solid. The free volume model describes the data only if ν₀ is allowed to depend upon pressure. The hard sphere model failed to describe our results for C₆F₆ at temperatures above 70°C even when the effective hard sphere diameter was treated as an adjustable parameter.     

液态锂综合实验平台中液态锂流面与氩等离子体相互作用

介绍了由锂回路、直线等离子体装置及液态锂净化系统等组成的液态锂综合实验回路平台。研究了液态锂与高密度等离子体相互作用、液态锂与结构材料相容性、液态锂净化和液态锂回路热工水力学参数测量等问题。实验结果表明,流动液态锂的蒸发速率与放电电流、氩气流量及磁场强度呈正相关关系。由流动液态锂产生的锂蒸气在轴向分布不具规律性,在径向分布呈高斯分布。流动液态锂的蒸发速率随着实验时间的增长逐渐升高,并趋于稳定。磁场抑制了液态锂的流动性。在磁场和等离子体长时间的作用下,流动液态锂表面生成一层很薄的氧化锂。