共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We have measured antinormally ordered Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations for coherent states of the electromagnetic field by using a stimulated parametric down-conversion process. Photons were detected by stimulated emission, rather than by absorption, so that the detection responded not only to actual photons but also to zero-point fluctuations via spontaneous emission. The observed correlations were distinct from normally ordered ones as they showed excess positive correlations, i.e., photon bunching effects, which arose from the thermal nature of zero-point fluctuations. 相似文献
2.
An ordered hexagonal closed-packed nanopillar array is fabricated on GaN. A metal coating is then applied to encapsulate the pillars for promoting optical confinement within the cylindrical cavity. Room-temperature lasing at 373 nm is observed under pulsed excitation, at a lasing threshold of 0.42 MW/cm2. With pillar diameters of around 980 nm, the number of modes overlapping the emission spectrum is reduced, giving rise to single-mode whispering gallery stimulated emission. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are carried out for the prediction of resonant frequencies and electric field patterns corresponding to the resonant modes. 相似文献
3.
By introducing the generalized Wigner operator for s-parameterized quasiprobability distribution and employing the technique of integration within ordered product (IWOP) of operators (normally ordered, Weyl ordered or antinormally ordered), we derive two new quantum-mechanical formulas for describing no counts registered on a photonic detector when a light field’s density operator ρ is known, one involves ρ’s s-parameterized distribution function, and the other involves ρ’s coherent state mean value, when these information is known then using the new formulas to calculate no-photocount would be convenient. 相似文献
4.
气体电子倍增器(GEM)因其具有较好的位置分辨以及各项同性的二维结构等优点,近年来受到了广泛的关注,在HIRFL-CSR上正在建设的低温高密核物质测量谱仪(CEE)也计划使用GEM作为TPC的读出探测器。不同电场条件下GEM探测器的传输特性对探测器的有效增益及能量分辨有较大影响。文中研究了单层GEM探测器中漂移区电场及感应区电场对探测器传输特性的影响;随后研究了双层GEM探测器的电压分配及传输区电场对探测器电荷传输性能的影响。结果表明,在单层及多层GEM探测器中,漂移区电场、传输区电场及感应区电场主要通过改变电子透过率和GEM雪崩电场强度及分布影响探测器的电荷传输性能,进而影响探测器的有效增益及能量分辨。以上实验结果表明GEM探测器是CEE-TPC读出探测器的理想选择,同时测试结果也为TPC中多层级联GEM工作点的选择提供了参考依据。 相似文献
5.
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) off parallel,cylindrical, well-defined nanopores: from random pore distribution to highly ordered samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martin?Engel Bernd?Stühn J?rg?J.?Schneider Thomas?Cornelius Maike?Naumann 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,97(1):99-108
6.
We propose a design for a photon-counting detector that is capable of resolving multiphoton events. The basic element of the setup is a fiber loop, which traps the input field with the help of a fast electro-optic switch. A single weakly coupled avalanche photodiode is used to detect small portions of the signal field extracted from the loop. We analyze the response of the loop detector to an arbitrary input field and discuss both the reconstruction of the photon-number distribution of an unknown field from the count statistics measured in the setup and the application of the detector in conditional-state preparation. 相似文献
7.
给出了基于L波段射频直线加速器运行的100 μm FEL自发辐射与受激辐射实验的光学诊断结果,简要介绍了100 μm FEL的光腔准直系统。针对100 μm FEL实验研究的基本要求,对辐射信号的波长光谱、功率能量和脉冲结构等主要参数进行了测量诊断。利用远红外光栅谱仪和锗掺镓光电探测器组成的测量系统,对辐射光的宏脉冲信号进行分光,测量得到了辐射光信号的波长光谱和宏脉冲波形,测得受激辐射中心波长约为115 μm;利用标定过的锗掺镓探测器对辐射信号的功率能量进行了测量,测得单个宏脉冲的功率约为mW量级,能量为nJ量级。 相似文献
8.
Utilizing the geometric phase (GP) acquired in a quantum evolution, we manifest the thermality and quantum nature of the Unruh effect of an accelerating detector. We consider an UDW detector coupling to a conformal field in Minkowski spacetime, whose response spectrum exhibits an intermediate statistics of (1+1) anyon field. We find that comparing to an inertial moving detector, the GP in accelerating frame is modified after the nonunitary evolution of the detector due to the Unruh effect. We show that such modification can distinguish the different thermalizing ways of the detector, which depends on the scaling dimension of the conformal primary field. Finally, we estimate the difference between the GP under the Unruh radiation and that in a thermal bath for a static observer, which reveals the quantum origin of the Unruh effect rather than a conventional thermal noise. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
A high-pressure parallel-grid gas scintillation proportional counter for high-energy X-ray astronomy
F. Celi R. di Raffaele G. Gerardi G. Manzo O. Mistretta S. Re L. Scarsi 《Il Nuovo Cimento C》1984,7(6):559-567
Summary We present preliminary results on a new detector for X-ray astronomy sensitive in the energy range from 3 to 120 keV. The
detector can be implemented either as a narrow-field instrument (∼1 degree field of view) or as wide field camera (30×30 degree
field of view). This detector with its large area, good energy resolution and background rejection represents a valid option
to the present generation of instruments for high-energy X-ray astronomy.
Paper presented at the 2° Convegno Nazionale di Fisica Cosmica, held at L'Aquila, 29 May–2 June 1984. 相似文献
12.
L. Sriramkumar 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2003,35(9):1699-1705
We consider the response of a uniformly accelerated monopole detector that is coupled to a superposition of an odd and an even power of a quantized, massless scalar field in flat spacetime in arbitrary dimensions. We show that, when the field is assumed to be in the Minkowski vacuum, the response of the detector is characterized by a Bose-Einstein factor in even spacetime dimensions, whereas a Bose-Einstein as well as a Fermi-Dirac factor appear in the detector response when the dimension of spacetime is odd. Moreover, we find that, it is possible to interpolate between the Bose-Einstein and the Fermi-Dirac distributions in odd spacetime dimensions by suitably adjusting the relative strengths of the detector's coupling to the odd and the even powers of the scalar field. We point out that the response of the detector is always thermal and we, finally, close by stressing the apparent nature of the appearance of the Fermi-Dirac factor in the detector response. 相似文献
13.
Wiebe CR Gardner JS Kim SJ Luke GM Wills AS Gaulin BD Greedan JE Swainson I Qiu Y Jones CY 《Physical review letters》2004,93(7):076403
Neutron scattering measurements on the spin-ice candidate material Ho2Ru2O7 have revealed two magnetic transitions at T approximately 95 and approximately 1.4 K to long-range ordered states involving the Ru and Ho sublattices, respectively. Between these transitions, the Ho3+ moments form short-ranged ordered spin clusters. The internal field provided by the ordered S=1 Ru4+ moments disrupts the fragile spin-ice state and drives the Ho3+ moments to order. We have directly measured a slight shift in the Ho3+ crystal field levels at 95 K from the Ru ordering. 相似文献
14.
é. G. Batyev 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2010,110(1):88-97
A system of two-dimensional electrons and holes ha s been investigated in a strong magnetic field, when it is sufficient to
take into account only the ground Landau level. It has been shown that the interaction of electrons and holes can lead to
an ordered state. In this problem, the exchange interaction in electron and hole subsystems is significant. The following
two cases have been considered: (a) there are one electron and one hole valleys, and at some magnetic field strength, there
exists an ordered state, as in an excitonic insulator; and (b) there exist one electron and two equivalent hole valleys (as
in the experiment performed by Kvon et al. [1]), and the hole system has an ordered state of the Stoner ferromagnetic type
in a specific range of magnetic field strengths. The spectra of elementary excitations of the Bose and Fermi types have been
obtained. The Fermi excitations have a gap in the energy spectrum, whereas the Bose excitations in the ordered states begin
with zero (to these excitations there corresponds an electric dipole moment). The self-consistent field approximation has
been used, which is exact when the numbers of electrons and holes are equal to each other. 相似文献
15.
基于碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器的结构与其材料热力学相关特征,描述了激光辐照碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器造成的损伤机理。根据相关的辐照环境和条件,通过有限元分析法建立了三维仿真模型。基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件仿真了碲镉汞红外探测器受到波长10.6 μm的激光辐照时,探测器各部分的温度变化及应力变化情况;通过数值分析方法,比较了碲镉汞探测器在经过光斑面积相同。功率不同的激光辐照后,其表面径向及内部轴向的温度场变化及应力场变化情况。仿真结果表明:在经过106 W/cm2的连续激光辐照后碲镉汞探测器表面温度与应力快速升高,造成探测器表面损伤,同时探测器被辐照部位的温度变化也导致其内部局部应力值变化。将碲镉汞探测器的应力损伤阈值及变化趋势与文献中相关实验数据进行对比,发现二者结果基本一致,验证了模型的可行性。 相似文献
16.
In order to have well defined rules for the perturbative calculation of quantities of interest in an interacting quantum
field theory in curved spacetime, it is necessary to construct Wick polynomials and their time ordered products for the noninteracting
theory. A construction of these quantities has recently been given by Brunetti, Fredenhagen, and K?hler, and by Brunetti and
Fredenhagen, but they did not impose any “locality” or “covariance” condition in their constructions. As a consequence, their
construction of time ordered products contained ambiguities involving arbitrary functions of spacetime point rather than arbitrary
parameters. In this paper, we construct an “extended Wick polynomial algebra”– large enough to contain the Wick polynomials
and their time ordered products – by generalizing a construction of Dütsch and Fredenhagen to curved spacetime. We then
define the notion of a local, covariant quantum field, and seek a definition of local Wick polynomials and their time ordered products as local, covariant quantum fields. We introduce a new notion of the scaling
behavior of a local, covariant quantum field, and impose scaling requirements on our local Wick polynomials and their time
ordered products as well as certain additional requirements – such as commutation relations with the free field and appropriate
continuity properties under variations of the spacetime metric. For a given polynomial order in powers of the field, we prove
that these conditions uniquely determine the local Wick polynomials and their time ordered products up to a finite number
of parameters. (These parameters correspond to the usual renormalization ambiguities occurring in Minkowski spacetime together
with additional parameters corresponding to the coupling of the field to curvature.) We also prove existence of local Wick
polynomials. However, the issue
of existence of local time ordered products is deferred to a future investigation.
Received: 27 March 2001 / Accepted: 6 June 2001 相似文献
17.
V. V. Samedov 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2016,79(9-10):1402-1405
18.
Starting from a connected, partially ordered set of events, it is shown that results of the measurement of time are elements of a partially ordered and filtering field, as used in a previous paper. Moreover, some relations between physical formulas and properties of the field are proved. Finally, some open problems and suggestions are pointed out. For the convenience of the reader not acquainted with elementary algebraic methods, proofs are given in detail. 相似文献
19.
V. E. Zhitomirskii O. V. Volkov I. V. Kukushkin S. Rozhko W. Dietsche 《JETP Letters》1999,69(1):31-37
The effect of absorption of nonequilibrium acoustical phonons on the intensity of recombination of a two-dimensional electron
gas in a magnetic field is investigated. The nonequilibrium acoustical phonons are emitted in the relaxation of electrons
in a tunnel junction deposited on the back side of a sample with a two-dimensional electronic channel. It is demonstrated
that the optical signal showing the intensity of the recombination of nonequilibrium electrons from a photoexcited size-quantization
subband can serve as a sensitive detector of acoustical phonons. Because the general heating of two-dimensional carriers and
the intersubband transitions stimulated by the absorption of nonequilibrium acoustical phonons lead to effects of different
sign, the useful signal can be discriminated unambiguously.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 69, No. 1, 30–35 (10 January 1999) 相似文献
20.
基于n型硅在强电场下的热电子效应,初步研制了一种采用过模结构的0.14 THz高功率太赫兹脉冲探测器。该探测器由基模波导WR6、过渡波导、过模波导WR10, n型硅探测芯片和偏置恒流源组成。模拟分析了探测器的工作过程,给出了相对灵敏度表达式,结果表明过模探测器能很好地工作在TE10模式。合理设计了探测芯片的结构参数和加工工艺,完成了探测芯片的加工和探测器样机的制作。将探测器样机在0.14 THz相对论表面波振荡器的辐射场进行了初步的验证性实验,并与二极管检波器的测量结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:过模探测器样机的响应时间在ps量级,相对灵敏度约为0.12 kW-1,最大承受功率至少为数十W,可用于0.14 THz高功率脉冲的直接探测。 相似文献