^31P核磁共振谱及其在配位化学中的应用

自1946年物理学家珀塞尔(Purcell)和布洛赫(Bloch)发现核磁共振现象至今仅有四十余年的历史,而化学家利用这一现象来解决化学中的一些问题的历史更短,但目前核磁共振谱已成为化学工作者用来确定分子结构及获     

白血病细胞的31P核磁共振分析及用于无损伤游离镁离子测定

建立了无损伤性^31P-NMR研究细胞内代谢物的实验方法,并对人早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60的^31P-NMR谱中含磷小分子代谢物的谱峰进行了分析;通过测量HL-60的^31P-NMR谱中ATP的仅磷和β磷的化学位移差值,得出HL-60细胞内Mg^2 与ATP结合的复合物MgATP和整个ATP量的比值,计算得到HL-60细胞内游离Mg^2 浓度为0．264mmol／L。与其它分析方法相比,^31P-NMR测定细胞内游离Mg^2 浓度具有对细胞样品无损伤的优点。     

基于液相~(31)P核磁共振的太湖水体溶解态磷富集方法优化研究

铝盐富集法是应用31P核磁共振技术(31P Nuclear magnetic resonance,31P-NMR)分析水体溶解态磷组成的前处理方法。为将该方法更好地应用于太湖水体溶解态磷的研究中,针对铝盐添加时水体的pH值、铝盐的添加量、提取剂的选择、水样体积等进行研究。结果表明,铝盐的添加量不仅和水体中溶解态总磷的浓度有关,也与富集水的体积相关;铝盐添加过程中,水体pH值会影响有机磷的去除率;太湖水体溶解态磷富集的最优方法是取过滤后的湖水20 L,添加3 g AlCl3·6H2O并充分搅拌,且水体pH值保持6.0,静置过夜后,除去上覆水,收集含磷絮状物并离心,最后用0.5 mol/L NaOH+0.1 mol/L EDTA进行提取。     

Cos-7细胞胞内pH的31 P核磁共振测定

生物细胞内pH的测定对于细胞内代谢、游离离子及离子通道的研究有重要的意义,而且一些酶的活性也与细胞内pH密切相关。猴的肾细胞cos-7细胞常用于外源基因的转染表达,研究这一细胞株细胞内的pH,可为基因转染提供可靠的依据。本文采用^31P核磁共振对cos-7细胞胞内的pH进行了分析测定。     

基于核磁共振技术的代谢组学研究在口腔疾病中的进展

代谢组学是近年来发展起来的组学技术,越来越多地被用到生物技术各个领域。通过定性定量分析复杂生物样品中小分子代谢物的变化,反映生物体的生理病理状态。在口腔疾病研究中,代谢组学研究也获得了密切关注,它可以为临床研究提供重要参考信息。核磁共振技术可以无损伤、非侵入性地获取生物体的信息,使其在代谢组学研究中迅速发展。本文综述了基于核磁共振技术的代谢组学研究在口腔癌、牙周病、龋病等口腔疾病方面的应用,并对其发展趋势做出展望。     

31P-NMR研究白血病细胞系Molt-4细胞内pH

用31P-NMR建立了无损伤性测定人淋巴瘤白血病细胞系Molt-4细胞胞内pH的方法.Molt-4细胞的31P核磁共振谱由无机磷(Pi)、ATP等的共振峰组成.通过测定Molt-4细胞内Pi化学位移进而能间接确定细胞内的pH,细胞内无机磷(Pi)的化学位移对pH非常敏感,随pH变化而变化.Molt-4细胞内Pi峰的化学位移为5.65±0.08(n=3),计算得到细胞内pH值为6.68±0.05.31P核磁共振能在测定细胞胞内pH的同时,观测到细胞内多种含磷小分子代谢物,是一种无损伤研究细胞内pH及代谢的有效方法.     

^31P核磁共振观察γ—干扰素对Molt—4细胞作用后含磷代谢物及pH变化

Ｍｏｌｔ＿４细胞的３１Ｐ核磁共振谱由磷酸单酯、无机磷（Ｐｉ）、双磷酸双酯、三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ）的共振峰组成。用３１Ｐ核磁共振观察了γ－干扰素对Ｍｏｌｔ＿４细胞作用后含磷化合物的变化。根据Ｐｉ的化学位移对Ｍｏｌｔ＿４细胞内ｐＨ进行了监测。３１Ｐ核磁共振能一次同时监测细胞内多种含磷代谢物，是一种无损伤研究细胞代谢的有效方法。     

稀土对大鼠代谢产物影响的核磁共振研究

以高场核磁共振技术为研究手段,通过分析腹腔注射０．２、２、１０、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量的Ｌａ（ＮＯ３）３后大鼠尿液中代谢物浓度、物种的变化,研究了稀土化合物在动物体内的作用情况,结果表明,稀土的引入使动物肾脏和肝脏都受到一定程度的损伤,并在代谢物中挑选出了合适的ＮＭＲ ｍａｒｋｅｒｓ,其变化可以反映稀土离子作用后大鼠的异常代谢。     

磷酸酯类阴离子表面活性剂的~（31）P－NMR波谱分析

用~（３１）Ｐ核磁共振波谱定性定量分析了烷基磷酸酯盐（Ｉ）和烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯盐（Ⅱ）中各含磷组分及其含量。研究了溶液ｐＨ值、氯化钠含量、样品浓度等对各组分~（３１）Ｐ化学位移的影响。探讨了影响定量准确度的因素；找出了最佳分析条件。     

用31P NMR研究硫代磷酸酯水解反应历程

磷酸酯的水解反应是一类较为重要的反应,了解这类反应历程及机理对研究农药的毒性、环境保护、及指导农药的生产与合成具有十分重要的意义。~(31)PNMR灵敏度高,化学位移范围宽,偶合常数大.~(31)P NMR的化学位移对于分子中磷原子的价态、与磷原子直接相连的原子或基团的类型、数量、性质及构型的变化十分敏感.是研究有关含磷化合物结构问题的有效手段之一,因此本文采用~(31)P NMR方法研究了疏代磷酸酯的水解反应历程。本文所研究的化合物是一种新合成的含七元环的二硫代磷酸酯。其结构式如下:     

Monitoring of the insecticide trichlorfon by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy

Trichlorfon is an organophosphorus insecticide, which is extensively being used for protection of fruit crops. Trichlorfon is a thermal labile compound, which cannot be easily determined by gas chromatography (GC) and has no suitable group for sensitive detection by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, a ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR) has been described for monitoring of trichlorfon without any separation step. The quantitative works of ³¹P NMR spectroscopy has been performed in the presence of an internal standard (hexamethylphosphoramide). Limit of detection (LOD) for this method has been found to be 55 mg L⁻¹, without any sample preparation, and the linear working range was 150-5500 mg L⁻¹. Relative standard deviation (R.S.D.%) of the method for three replicates within and between days was obtained ≤9%. The average recovery efficiency was approximately 99-112%. This method was applied for monitoring trichlorfon in a commercial insecticide sample and tomato sample.     

Prediction of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts for phosphines

Quantitative relationships of the (31)P NMR chemical shifts of the phosphorus atoms in 291 phosphines with the atomic ionicity index (INI) and stereoscopic effect parameters (epsilon(alpha), epsilon(beta), epsilon(gamma)) were primarily investigated in this paper for modeling some fundamental quantitative structure-spectroscopy relationships (QSSR). The results indicated that the (31)P NMR chemical shifts of phosphines can be described as the quantitative equation by multiple linear regression (MLR): delta(p)(ppm)= -174.0197-2.6724INI+40.4755epsilon(alpha)+15.1141epsilon(beta)-3.1858epsilon(gamma), correlation coefficient R=0.9479, root mean square error (rms)=13.9, and cross-validated predictive correlation coefficient was found by using the leave-one-out procedure to be Q(2)=0.8919. Furthermore, through way of random sampling, the estimative stability and the predictive power of the proposed MLR model were examined by constructing data set randomly into both the internal training set and external test set of 261 and 30 compounds, respectively, and then the chemical shifts were estimated and predicted with the training correlation coefficient R=0.9467 and rms=13.4 and the external predicting correlation coefficient Q(ext)=0.9598 and rms=10.8. A partial least square model was developed that produced R=0.9466, Q=0.9407 and Q(ext)=0.9599, respectively. Those good results provided a new, simple, accurate and efficient methodology for calculating (31)P NMR chemical shifts of phosphines.     

Characterizing phosphorus in environmental and agricultural samples by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P-NMR) spectroscopy has advanced our knowledge of organic phosphorus (P) in soils and environmental samples more than any other technique. This paper reviews the use of ³¹P-NMR spectroscopy for soil, water and other environmental samples. The requirements for a successful solid-state or solution ³¹P-NMR experiment are described, including experimental set-up, sample preparation, extractants, experimental conditions, and post-experimental processing. Next, the literature on solid-state and solution ³¹P-NMR spectroscopy in environmental samples is reviewed, including papers on: methods; P transformations; agricultural, forest and natural ecosystem soil studies; humic acid and particle size separations; manure, compost and sludge studies; and water research, including freshwater, estuary and marine studies. Future research needs are also discussed as well as suggestions to improve results, such as increased standardization among research groups.     

31P nuclear magnetic resonance titrations: Simultaneous evaluation of all pH-dependent resonance signals

The simultaneous evaluation of ali pH-dependent resonance signals (or multiplets) of an NMR titration offers a substantially increased accuracy and significance. The number of linearly independent titration equilibria is determined by graphical matrix rank analysis. The chemical shifts of all pH-dependent resonance lines are plotted against each other (chemical shift or CS diagrams) indicating whether a single or more titration equilibria are NMR spectrometrically observable and how far they overlap with each other. An iterative curve-fitting program allowing the simultaneous evaluation of all (pH) curves is available, from which pK values and chemical shifts of all species can be calculated. The starting pK values for the iteration need only be estimated very approximately (accuracy ±1–2 units). The titration end-points do not have to be experimentally accessible. The different methods for the simultaneous evaluation of all pH-dependent NMR signals are exemplified in the ³¹P NMR titration of thiamine pyrophosphate. In this case either the observed resonance lines (two doublets in a broad band proton decoupled spectrum) or the calculated chemical shifts for this AB system can be evaluated. A titration of sodium pyrophosphate was performed and evaluated for comparison.     

31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of the sorption of phosphate onto gibbsite and kaolinite

Sorption of phosphate onto gibbsite (gamma-Al(OH)3) and kaolinite has been studied by both macroscopic and 31P solid-state NMR measurements. Together these measurements indicate that phosphate is sorbed by a combination of surface complexation and surface precipitation with the relative amounts of these phases depending on pH and phosphate concentration. At low pH and high phosphate concentrations sorption is dominated by the presence of both amorphous and crystalline precipitate phases. The similarity between the single-pulse and CP/MAS NMR spectra suggests that the precipitate phases form a thin layer on the surface of the particles in close contact with protons from surface hydroxyl groups or coordinated water molecules. While the crystalline phase is only evident on samples below pH 7, amorphous AlPO4 was found at all pH and phosphate concentrations studied. As pH was increased the fraction of phosphate sorbed as an inner-sphere complex increased, becoming the dominant surface species by pH 8. Comparison of sorption and NMR results suggests that the inner-sphere complexes form by monodentate coordination to singly coordinated Al-OH sites on the edges of the gibbsite and kaolinite crystals. Outer-sphere phosphate complexes, which are readily desorbed, are also present at high pH.     

Investigation of intracellular phosphate pools of the green alga Chlorella using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance

³¹P NMR measurements were performed in order to study the intracellular phosphate pools of the green alga Chlorella fusca. Cells of asynchronous cultures contain a large pool of polyphosphates, whereas the amount of polyphosphates in cells of synchronous cultures depends on the state of differentiation. The assignment of extracellular and intracellular inorganic orthophosphate is achieved by changing the pH, whereas the intracellular compartmentation of inorganic orthophosphates and sugar phosphates is shown during irradiation of the cells with light within the NMR spectrometer.