The structure of the glucomannan from the tuberous roots of Eremurus altaicus

Summary By fractionating the initial water-soluble polysaccharide from the tuberous roots ofEremurus altaicus, a homogeneous naturally acetylated glucomannan with a molecular weight of 108,000–120,000 has been isolated.On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation and methylation and a study of the products of partial cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, the structure of a repeating heptasaccharide section of the chain consisting of -14-linked D-glucopyranose (2 moles) and D-mannopyranose (5 moles) residues has been established. The glucomannan apparently contains 95–100 such sections. It has been shown that in each repeating solution there is one O-acetyl group at a C₃ atom of a glucose residue.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 189–195, March–April, 1977.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Silene. XVII. Ecdysterone 22,25-di-O-benzoate from Silene scabrifolia

The new phytoecdysteroid ecdysterone 22,25-di-O-benzoate (IV) has been isolated from the epigeal organs ofSilene scabrifolia Kom. The alkaline hydrolysis of (IV) gave ecdysterone 25-O-benzoate and ecdysterone (I). Details of the IR, UV, mass, PMR, and¹³C NMR spectra of compound (IV) are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 363–366, May–June, 1990.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae II. Components of the fraction of neutral lipids from the culture liquid

Summary Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate has been isolated from the neutral lipids fraction of the culture liquid of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. Its¹H and¹³C magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained, and an assignment of the signals has been made.On the basis of their UV, IR, and ESR spectra, the chromogenic components of the neutral lipid fractions have been assigned to the melanins.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 689–693, November–December, 1975.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Silene. XVI. Viticosterone E 22-O-benzoate from Silene wallichiana

A new phytoecdysteroid, viticosterone E 22-O-benzoate (I), C₃₆H₅₀O₀, mp 147–149°C (methanol-water), [] _D ²⁰ +63.2° (methanol), has been isolated from the epigeal organs ofSilene wallichiana Klotzsch. The alkaline hydrolysis of (I) led to viticosterone E and benzoic acid. The acetylation of (I) gave the 2,3-diacetate (II), C₄₀H₅₄O₁₁, mp 152–153°C (methanol-water), [] _D ²⁰ +65.5° (methanol). Details of the IR, PMR, and mass spectra of (I) and (II) are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 546–549, July–August, 1988.     

Biosynthesis of brevicolline

Conclusions 1. When DL-[2^–14C] tryptophan, sodium [2^–14C] pyrotartrate, sodium [¹⁴/C]-formate, and universally labeled L-[¹⁴C] glutamic acid were introduced through the root system intoCarex brevicollis DC, active brevicolline was obtained.2. Tryptophan and sodium pyrotartrate are precursors of the -carboline moiety of the brevicolline molecule, and sodium formate is a precursor of the N-methyl grouping.3. The introduction of universally labeled L-glutamic acid does not lead to an unambiguous indication of the role of this precursor in the biosynthesis of brevicolline.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 39–43, 1969     

Cardenolides and coumarins ofCoronilla varia, C. cretica, etc.

Conclusions The cardenolide and coumarin composition ofC. varia L. and the closely related speciesC. hyrcana Pril.,C. cretica L., andC. orientalis Müll have been investigated. It has been shown that they all contain the cardiac glycoside hyrcanoside, with the exception ofC. orientalis, in which another, unidentified, glycoside, has also been found.A comparative study of some properties of hyrcanogenin (⁴-strophanthidin) and pachygenin (⁵-strophanthidin) connected with conformational features has been carried out.In the species studied, no less than five coumarins have been found of which umbelliferone, scopoletin, and daphnoretin have been isolated.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 141–144, 1969     

Alkaloids of Aconitum coreanum VIII. Structure of coryphidine

A new C₂₀-diterpene alkaloid of the coryphine type has been isolated from the plantAconitum coreanum (Levl.) Rapaics, and it has been called coryphidine. Its structure has been established on the basis of an analysis of IR and¹H and¹³C NMR spectra. This is the second diterpene alkaloid having a hexahydro-N-methylindole fragment at C-17. Coryphidine contains an imide grouping, which is unusual for a diterpene skeleton.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 243–246, March–April, 1992.     

Glycosides of marine invertebrates. VIII. Steroid glycosides of the holothurianIsostichopus badionotus

The steroid glycoside fraction ofIsostichopus badionotus, consisting of a mixture of D-xylosides of steroid alcohols, has been isolated by column chromatography on silica gel. The mixture of aglycones obtained after acid hydrolysis was separated with the aid of argentation chromatography into several fractions. GLC-MS analysis, and also the use of IR and¹³C NMR spectroscopy has shown that the steroid glycosides ofI. badionotus are xylosides of ⁰-, ⁷-, ²²-, and ^7.22-, C₂₇-, C₂₈-, and C₂₉-steroids of the cholestane series.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic of Cuba, Havana. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 799–802, November–December, 1979.     

Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. Pectic acid contains galacturonic acid (78–83%) and, chemically linked with it, the monosaccharides D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, and substance (VIII) and (IX).2. By fractionating the polysaccharide complex of the leavesof Plantago major L. on a DEAE-cellulose column it has been shown that it consists of pectic acid (80–82%), and free galactoraban (5–6%) and galactan (4–5%).Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 369–372, 1965.We have used Kertesz's nomenclature of pectic compounds [4].     

Dicaffeolyquinic acids from Helichrysum italicum and Achillea cartilaginea

The quinic acid caffeates of the flowers ofHelichrysum italicum and the herbage ofAchillea cartilaginea have been studied with the use of HPLC,¹³H NMR spectroscopy, and chemical transformations.All-Union Research Institute of Medicinal Plants Scientific-Production Association, Moscow. Translated from Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, No. 1, pp. 50–55, January–February, 1992.     

Triterpene glycosides ofSilphium perfoliatum. IV. Structure of siliphioside C

The epigeal part ofSilphium perfoliatum has a yielded a new triterpene glycoside, silphioside C — C₅₀H₈₀O₁₉, mp 207–210°C (from aqueous methanol), []_D ²⁵ +19.3 ± 2°C (c 0.88; methanol). On the basis of acid hydrolysis, mild alkaline saponification, and the results of GLC and of IR, mass, and¹H and¹³C spectroscopy the structure of silphioside C had been established as 28--D-glucopyranosyl 3-O-[O--D-glucopyranosyl-(12)-(6-O-acetyl--D-glucopyranosyl)oleanolate.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Pyatigorsk Pharmaceutical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii. No. 4, pp. 519–522, July–August, 1985.     

Alkaloids of Stephania hernandifolia VII. Hernandine

Summary The epigeal part ofStephania hernandifolia has given a new hasubanan alkaloid with the composition C₁₉H₂₅O₆N, mp 197–199°C (ethanol), [] _D ²⁰ -33° (c 1.8; ethanol), which has been called hernandine, and for which a partial structure has been proposed.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 180–184, March, 1971.     

The structures of chimganin and chimgin

Summary The roots ofFerula tschimganica Lipsky have yielded two new compounds with the compositions C₁₈H₂₄O₄ (mp 85°C) and C₁₇H₂₂O₃ (mp 155°C), which have been calledchimganin andchimgin. On the basis of their UV, IR, and NMR spectra and the products of alkaline hydrolysis, it has been shown that chimganin is the ester of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid and chimgin that of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with (+)-borneol.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1972.     

Triterpene glycosides of Thalictrum squarrosum. II. Molecular and crystal structure of squarrofuric acid

The structure of squarrofuric acid (an artifactual genin fromThalictrum squarrosum) has been confirmed by x-ray structural analysis and the configurations of the C13, C14, C17, C20, and C22 asymmetric centers have been established, which has enabled this compound to be assigned to the lanostane series with the following structure: 3,30-dihydroxy-20(S),22(S)-22,25-epoxylanost-9(11)-en-21-oic acid.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Science. Irkutsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 533–537, July–August, 1987.     

New triterpene aglycon from the holothurian Duasmodactyla kurilenis

Under the conditions of the mild acid hydrolysis of the sum of the triterpene glycosides from the holothurianDuasmodactyla kurilenis a new genin has been obtained the structure of which has been determined as 16,20(S)-diacetoxy-4,4,14-trimethylpregn-9(11)-en-3-ol by IR, UV, and mass spectroscopy, and high-resolution¹³C and¹H NMR.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 359–361, May–June, 1989.     

Gypsogenic acid from the roots ofAcanthophyllum subglabrum andA. gypsophiloides

Summary Gypsogenic acid, previously obtained by the oxidation of gypsogenin and hederagenin, has been found for the first time inA. subglabrum andA. gypsophiloides.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 95–97, 1967     

Alkaloids of Stephania hernandifolia VIII. Methylhernandine

Summary A new hasubanan alkaloid with the composition C₂₀H₂₇O₆N, mp 152–153°C (ether-methanol) has been isolated from the herbStephania hernandifolia and has been called methylhernandine. The alkaloid has been shown to be identical with the methylamino alcohol obtained in the hydrolysis of hernandifoline.All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 455–457, July–August.