3He流体的低温输运性质综述

收集整理了400余篇文献中的3He流体低温输运性质(粘度和热导率)实验数据,总结并分析了3He流体低温输运性质的相关理论,为建立3He流体低温输运性质的方程及完善3He数据库(He3Pak)奠定基础,也可供3He低温研究人员参考。     

D-~3He商用堆工作物理参数的空间分析

由于D-~3He聚变堆不要求厚的包层和大的内侧空间,中子壁负载小得多,第一壁几乎是永久性的,维修更换问题减轻。采用低径比有利于电流驱动和较大的等离子体变形和好的垂直稳定性,以便得到大的等离子体电流,因而得到高的β和好的约束。本文从目前普遍采用的堆芯等离子体物理规律为基础,编制了DHE3TOK程序。研究了以D-~3He为燃料,低径比A=2.5工作在第一稳定区的商用堆特点。对它的工作物理参数空间范围进行广泛调查的基础上,提出了需要研究和发展的关键工程技术问题。     

超流^3He的磁致喷泉效应

最近，来自日本东京大学的Yamaguchi A等，对自旋极化超流3^He的A1相，进行了喷泉效应实验研究．不过，实验者不是用温度梯度，而是用磁场梯度诱发喷泉压差．3^He原子不同于4^He，费米原子3^He要想凝聚到单一的最低能态，必须首先两两配对．液态3^He发生超流转变的温度只有几mK，并且依温度和压力超流体又被分为A，B和A1三个相。     

交换效应对低温~4He能量的影响北大核心CSCD

低温下的~4He系统由于全同粒子交换作用呈现超流等宏观量子效应,交换效应对系统能量的影响尚不明确.本文基于路径积分蒙特卡罗方法计算了不同温度下~4He系统的平均动能以及平均势能.考虑交换效应时,~4He的平均动能增大,但是动能增大幅度不随温度的降低而升高,对关联函数等结构表征几乎不变,势能变化不明显.     

D—^3He聚变动力可行性研究

本文首先简要地讨论D-3He聚变的物理要求并与D-T聚变作相应的比较,然后运用目前的约束定律和第一稳定区β极限,对计划的近期ETR规模装置(如CIT,TIBER,FER,NET)进行D-3He得失相当和点火实验的可行性研究,并对高径比第二稳定区D-3He托卡马克堆进行参数学研究,最后指出潜在的缩短商用化进程可能性。     

D-3He系统的聚变点火燃烧过程

对少高能中子的D-3He聚变系统的点火燃烧过程进行了解析研究,给出了D-3He聚变点火和燃烧条件,并用数值模拟方法计算了几个典型的物理模型,得到了有关的物理图象和一些主要计算结果。研究结果进一步论证了D-3He聚变系统是将来少中子聚变电站的最佳候选者。     

一种可用于极化~3He实验的新型磁场系统

原子核自旋极化的~3He气体已被深入研究并广泛用于各种科学实验.在过去的极化~3He实验中,为了减小磁场梯度对纵向弛豫时间的影响,通常会建造大尺寸的亥姆霍兹线圈来提供所需均匀度的主磁场环境.本文通过计算得到了新的六正方形线圈系统,可以为极化~3He实验提供小型高均匀性的磁场装置.其中线圈系√统内部超过30%的区域磁场梯度满足(|▽B_x|~2+|▽B_y|~2)/B_0 10~(-4)cm~(-1),这一均匀区域比例超过了现在所有用于极化~3He实验的线圈装置.对于其他需要大均匀区域磁场环境的研究实验,新的六线圈系统也具有很好的应用价值.     

等离子体理论—用球形托卡马克建立D-^3He聚变反应堆的可能性

最近几年，在磁约束聚变研究中，一类新的途径，即叫做球型托卡马克或叫做球形环的途径，取得了重要的进展,同时，托卡马克继续取得进展，国际热核实验反应堆计划（ITER）已进入实施阶段。在球形环实验中，经常可以达到高达50％以上的磁流体稳定的比压值。球形环的约束定标关系，虽然不如托卡马克那样具有庞大的数据库，但看起来也不比托卡马克差。于是，基于D及^3He之类先进燃料的聚变反应堆的兴趣有所回升，因为这类反应堆产生的高能中子的数量要小很多，后者对第一壁的损伤使得壁材料问题成为一个很困难的问题。本文利用ITER设计中公认的定标律及运行参数窗口来探讨建立基于球形环概念的D和^3He燃料的聚变反应堆的可能性。     

利用~3He中子监测仪对中子管产额进行实验监测

以自主研制的ZFD-1型中子发生器为例,研究了在不同加速高压下D-D型中子管中子的轴向分布情况,以及影响3He中子监测仪探测性能的一些主要因素.根据所得实验数据拟合图线,可对中子管产生中子的轴向分布进行标定.     

加氚对D-3He系统聚变燃烧过程的影响

对加少量氚的D-³He聚变系统的点火燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了有关的物理图象和一些主要计算结果。研究结果表明,加少量氚可以解决D-³He聚变系统的点火问题和加速其燃烧过程,从而提高燃耗。     

采用常规状态方程计算氦-3热力性质的可行性研究

3He作为一种特殊的工质在低温工程、基础物理学和空间技术等领域获得重要应用,这些应用需要可靠的3He热力学性质数据。但是目前没有适用于3He的宽范围状态方程。不仅如此,而且有关的热物性实验数据也十分稀缺,这给应用3He的研究人员带来了困难。本文基于全面收集和整理有关3He的各类数据,通过编写计算机程序,考察了五种常用的状态方程(理想气体状态方程,范德瓦尔方程,RK方程,RKS方程和PR方程)用于计算3He在4K~100K温区定压下比容-温度关系的可行性,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较。这些比较结果将为3He状态方程的研究提供有价值的参考。     

Effect of He pre-plating on third sound in superfluid He

We recently reported observation of third sound resonances in superfluid films of pure ³He on a disk-shaped polished copper substrate. From the observed spectra of resonant modes, the third sound speed, the average superfluid density, and information on dissipation were obtained. The film thicknesses studied were larger than or comparable to the superfluid coherence length, which is near 100 nm. We describe preliminary results from efforts aimed at using third sound in thinner films on a substrate which has been coated with a few atomic layers of ⁴He.     

Applications of He neutron spin filters at the NCNR

At the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), we have applied ³He neutron spin filters (NSFs) to the instruments where ³He NSFs are advantageous, such as thermal triple-axis spectrometry, small-angle neutron scattering, and diffuse reflectometry. We present the status of our development and application of this method, including polarized gas production by spin-exchange optical pumping, magnetostatic cavities for storage of the polarized gas on the beam line, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based, on-line monitoring and reversal of the ³He polarization. We present the status of developing user-friendly interfaces incorporated into the instrument software to handle these ³He neutron spin filters while taking data and performing data analysis. Finally we discuss the status of development of a polarization capability on the multi-axis crystal spectrometer, which requires polarization analysis over a 220° angular range.     

He离子注入单晶Si纳米气泡形成生长及其应用探讨

首先简述了He离子注入单晶Si引起的气泡形成、生长以及其它缺陷对其生长的影响,介绍了Si中He气泡生长的可能微观机制以及它们在现代半导体技术中潜在的应用前景,提出了该领域研究有待解决的关键问题.He ion implantation induced bubbles or cavities in silicon have been paid more and more attentions due to their potential applications in modern semiconductor technology. In this paper, He ion implantation induced formation and growth of bubbles in silicon together with their interactions with other defects were first briefly reviewed. Then the possible growth mechanisms of He bubbles in silicon and their potential applications in modern semiconductor technology were described. Finally, we presented the ke...     

D-3He系统的聚变点火燃烧过程

 对少高能中子的D-3He聚变系统的点火燃烧过程进行了解析研究，给出了D-3He聚变点火和燃烧条件，并用数值模拟方法计算了几个典型的物理模型，得到了有关的物理图象和一些主要计算结果。研究结果进一步论证了D-3He聚变系统是将来少中子聚变电站的最佳候选者。     

饱和液体氦-3的粘度性质

文中揭示了低温液态氦-3在其饱和蒸气压下粘度随温度状态参数变化的反常规律,首次提出了3He在0.003K至其临界温度3.3157K温区内完整的气液相平衡曲线粘度方程。该方程计算值与高精度实验数据偏差小于±0.7%,并且在极低温条件下光滑过渡为由量子理论预测的理论极限。这项工作是研究氦-3在整个温度和压力区间上粘度性质行为特性的起点,不仅是构建全区间粘度方程的重要边界,而且对于理解费米-狄拉克量子统计规律在低温下的作用规律具有指导意义。     

From sum rules to RPA: 2. 3He droplets

We investigate the excitation spectra of closed-shell ³He droplets using a flexible formulation of the RPA which has been presented in preceeding papers. The calculations are based on an energy functional which thorougly employs finite-range interactions. We compare the results for different stages in a hierarchy of approximations to the full RPA. We furthermore discuss the consequences of taking the zero-range limit of the present energy functional, i.e. of using Skyrme-type interactions.     

Nonlinear propagation of ultrasound in superfluid3He

After introducing the physics of sound propagation in normal and superfluid³He, nonlinear phenomena are discussed. These bear close resemblance to optical effects, including saturation of the absorption, amplitude dependence of the group velocity, pulse break-up, and pulse compression. Preliminary evidence indicates that above an input power threshold the sound pulses propagate in a solitonlike fashion. A naive sine-Gordon model does not explain the observations.     

Simple and inexpensive3He insert for an ac susceptometer

The design of a simple and inexpensive³He insert for the existing ac susceptometer is described. The system uses a home built mutual inductance bridge for the ac susceptibility measurements from 0·4 K to 300 K. Simple and inexpensive design with the top loading facility are the main features of this set up. The insert can also be used as a continuously³He operating refrigerator down to 0·5 K.     

Nuclear magnetism of sub-monolayer solid He on graphite

Nuclear magnetization has been measured with NMR down to temperatures around 0.1 mK for sub-monolayer solid ³He formed on graphite preplated with two layers of HD. The data for the commensurate phase show no evidence of a magnetic transition and a rather slow increase of the magnetization even at ultra-low temperature (0.15 mK), much lower than the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction of −6.3 mK.