On the relationship between the efficiency measures of multicategory information systems

The concepts of efficiency measures of multicategory information systems and similarity measures between two efficiency measures are introduced and developed. The relationship between two efficiency measures is defined by the corresponding setD, and the appropriate marginal functions are introduced. An earlier work of Ben-Bassat's dealing with the ranking of features according to feature selection criteria is generalized and refined. Consequently, a general similarity measure between two efficiency measures is established. It is analyzed in the case of monotonic marginal functions and, especially, when the setDis convex. Some important sufficient conditions forDto be convex are also given. Finally, two other similarity measures are defined and interpreted.     

On the relationship between the equivocation and other probabilistic distance measures used for feature selection

Some inequalities are derived between the equivocation, the Bhattacharyya coefficient, the divergence, the Kalmogrov variational distance, and the Matusita distance.     

On the robust discrimination of Poisson random counting measures (Corresp.)

Statistical decisions are considered between two hypotheses which consist of classes of Poisson distributions for random counting measures. Each Poisson distribution is generated by an intensity measure on a general observation space. The classes are specified by Choquet capacity bounds on the intensity measures. This problem was first posed and studied by Geraniotis and Poor. A minimax Neyman-Pearson result for error probability performance is the main contribution. Recursive computation of the minimax test statistic is also investigated.     

On the improvement of the electromagnetic coupling between infrared point-contact detectors and laser beams

The electromagnetic coupling between a gaussian beam and whisker structures such as those found in some kinds of non-linear devices used at infrared frequencies is investigated. Calculations show the potential improvement of the electromagnetic coupling coefficient by the proper choice of the focusing angle of the beam and the use of corner reflectors, giving quantitative support to these techniques which have been used for long time.     

On the relationship between spectral unmixing and subspaceprojection

A linear transformation was recently recommended for application on hyperspectral imagery. This note shows that the method is completely equivalent to extracting proportional ground cover by standard means, but is less efficient than the more usual methods of spectral unmixing     

On the design of suboptimal linear time-varying systems

Suboptimal control of linear time-varying systems subject to quadratic criteria is presented. This letter extends an earlier paper by Kleinman and Athans to make use of the knowledge of initial conditions or their statistics in the optimization procedure.     

On Dempster-Shafer and bayesian detectors

In this correspondence, we examine the relationship between Dempster-Shafer (DS) decision making systems and conventional Bayesian (centralized or distributed) detectors. We establish theoretically that under certain intuitively pleasing DS probability mass assignments the two systems become equivalent. A few numerical studies illustrate the theoretical developments.     

On the relationship between absolute and relative fairness bounds

The fairness of scheduling disciplines used in communication networks has frequently been evaluated using one of two fairness measures: the absolute fairness bound (AFB) and the relative fairness bound (RFB). We present a tight bounded relationship between these measures of fairness. The bounds established are exactly reached in the case of many real scheduling disciplines, thus leading to an easy conversion between these two measures. In the case of latency-rate (LR) servers, this also leads to an easy determination of the upper bound on the latency of a flow from the more tractable relative fairness bound of the scheduler. Our results also indicate that in many real contexts, the two measures of fairness approach each other as the number of flows increases, confirming the RFB as an adequate measure of fairness     

On the asymptotic efficiencies of robust detectors

Two methods are considered for comparing the asymptotic efficiencies of robust detectors in the problem of detecting coherent signals in additive noise. The first of these methods considers the relative detector sample sizes for a fixed value of the detector power, while the second method considers the relative detector sample sizes for a fixed value of the local detector power, as measured by the local values of the slopes or curvatures of the detector power functions. These measures of efficiency are variations of the asymptotic relative efficiencies (AREs) of Pitman and Blomqvist, respectively, adapted to the robust detection problem. These two approaches are used to compare the performance of robust nonlinear correlators to that of robust M -detectors in both one-sided and two-sided detection problems, under an ε-contaminated mixture model for uncertainty in the noise statistics. Both measures of ARE, fixed-power and fixed-local-power, indicate that the robust nonlinear correlator outperforms the robust M-detector for this type of model. However, the fixed-local-power ARE is shown to be more useful in measuring the degree to which the robust nonlinear correlator is more efficient     

On the relationship between PSRR and clock feedthrough in SCfilters

A novel linearized model for calculating the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of switched-capacitor (SC) circuits due to switch charge injection (clock feedthrough) is presented. The inclusion of clock feedthrough accounts for the low-frequency PSRR degradation not modeled by other methods. This is particularly important in high-frequency SC circuits, as is confirmed by simulation and measurement results. The model defines a useful link between transient clock feedthrough analysis and effective coupling capacitor models that are suited for AC analysis. The abstraction of differentiating an injected charge with respect to voltage to get effective coupling capacitors leads to efficient analysis techniques, since clock delays and elaborate device models can be considered once at the outset, and then dispensed with in favor of simpler device elements. This makes the model more suitable for hand calculations and analysis with standard SC simulation packages     

On the relationship between the transmitting and receiving properties of an antenna

The response of a linear, passive antenna in free space to an incident plane wave is related to its far-field radiation in the reverse direction bybar{h}^{r}=bar{h}^{t}. The vector effective heightbar{h}^{r}characterizes the voltage across the open-circuit antenna terminals induced by an incident plane-wave field, and the correspondingbar{h}^{t}characterizes the far-field radiation of the antenna when driven by a current injected into the same terminals. This relationship, which is shown to follow from the well-known reciprocity principle, both includes phase and makes mathematically explicit the polarization relation involved in the identity of the transmit and receive patterns of an antenna.     

On the quantum limit of laser amplifier detectors

The quantum limit of a laser amplifier used as a detector is calculated. It is shown that the amplified output can be quantum correlated to the detector readout. However, as an information tap, the amplifying detector is no better than a lossless linear beamsplitter due to the added spontaneous emission noise     

On the relationship between yield and cycle time in semiconductorwafer fabrication

The author derives a relationship between the mean amount of time wafers spend in the fab and the mean production rate of nondefective die, assuming the number of defects per die is a Poisson random variable whose mean varies linearly with the amount of time the wafer spends in the fab     

Modeling and analyzing the effects of periodic inspection on theperformance of safety-critical systems

This paper presents a method for incorporating into Markov models of safety-critical systems, periodic inspections and repairs which occur deterministically in time. Both perfect and imperfect inspections and repairs can be modeled. Based on this new modeling technique, closed-form solutions are derived for a variety of important performance indexes including MTTF, MTTF_D, MTTF_S, average availability, and average probability of failing dangerously. The solutions are applied to an example system to illustrate how the method can be used to study the effects on performance of: (a) choices of the time-length between periodic inspections and repairs, and (b) improvements in inspection and repair techniques     

On the relationship between the MoM and the GMT [Em theory]

The method of moments (MoM) is compared with the generalized multipole technique (GMT), which has been shown to be very efficient. Although the GMT can be considered to be a variant of the MoM, it is based on a completely different philosophical foundation. Both the foundation and concrete implementations are considered. It is shown how the MMP code, based on the GMT, can profit from MoM concepts, and how MoM codes can profit from GMT ideas     

On the relationship between the singularity expansion method and the mathematical theory of scattering

The so-called natural frequencies in the singularity expansion method (SEM) consist of two nonintersecting sets of wavenumber parameters: namely, a set of interior resonant frequencies which occur on the negative imaginary axis of thesplane and a set of those which reside in the left half of thesplane off the imaginary axis. It is shown that only the latter set can be interpreted as intrinsic to the scatterer. It corresponds to the set of complex poles of the scattering matrix of the problem and also to the set of complex eigenvalues of the related exterior homogeneous boundary value problem. Finally, some doubts about the eigenmode expansion method (EEM) formalism are raised, and a possible justification, based on nonself-adjoint theory, is suggested.     

On the integrated cross-noise term in correlation detectors

An integrated cross-noise component frequently arises in communications and in signal processing. One typical example is the autocorrelation receiver. Integrated cross-noise generally appears when a noisy signal is recovered (detected) using correlation techniques with a noisy signal as the reference. The statistics of the integrated cross-noise component are analyzed in general for both the cases of uncorrelated and correlated noise terms in the integrand. The exact 2nd order statistics of the integrated cross-noise are derived, and new improved expressions are derived for an approximate probability density function. Accurate computer simulations are performed to evaluate the actual probability density function of the integrated cross-noise component and these results are compared with the approximations. The convergence of the approximation to a Gaussian distribution is also discussed.     

On the performance of digital detectors with dependent samples

The asymptotic performances of three digital detectors operating with dependent samples are examined. Analytic expressions for the performances when the number of dependent samples M is large are obtained. Examples are also given which indicate how the performances vary with M. It is shown that the performances of hard-limiting detectors may be improved by processing more dependent samples. The amount of the hard-limiting loss that is recoverable depends upon the detector prefilter. A simple expression is derived which gives the irretrievable hard-limiting loss as a function of the noise autocorrelation,     

On the relationship between topography and transistor matching inan analog CMOS technology

A source of drain current mismatch of transistors in a 1.75-μm analog CMOS process is described. Matching of closely spaced transistors is degraded by capacitor topography created prior to the gate level. The effects extend over distances greater than 30 μm and are not reduced by common-centroid layout techniques. Symmetry and wafer position dependencies of the mismatch lead to an explanation of the effect. The topography is thought to interfere with the radial flow of gate level photoresist as it is spun on the wafer. Thickness variations in the photoresist result in channel length variations in the transistors following patterning. Transistor matching is improved by more than a factor of two with the use of a tri-level photoresist sequence at the gate level. Simple theoretical expressions and more exact numerical simulations support the explanation of channel length differences as the source of the measured mismatch. These calculations suggest how mismatch due to channel length, dopant concentration, or gate-oxide thickness may be differentiated with simple current-voltage measurements     

关于Huynen目标参数与目标最佳极化关系的讨论

Huynen目标参数和最佳极化(OPs)是极化信息处理中两个基本概念。最佳极化在Poincare球上的分布根据Huynen目标参数的特征角可以细分为“针型”、“帽型”和“叉型”三种形态,目前尚缺乏完善的讨论。本文基于Kennaugh矩阵推导了目标的最佳极化,讨论了Huynen目标参数与最佳极化的对应关系。然后,基于三种最佳极化的分布形态讨论了几种典型结构目标的极化特性,可以为雷达极化学研究人员建立更清楚的概念。