钼-羟胺-(5-Br-PADAP)三元络合物及其应用于钼的分光光度法测定

在弱酸性介质中,在有羟胺存在并煮沸的情况下,钼能与羟胺和2-[(5-溴-2-吡啶)偶氮]-5-(二乙氨基)苯酚(简称5-Br-PADAP)作用形成蓝色的不溶于水的三元络合物,但在聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(简称OP)存在下可不析出沉淀。此三元络合物的组成为Mo(Ⅳ):NH₂OH:5-Br-PADAP=1:1:1,其最大吸收在600-605毫微米,摩尔吸光系数为4.8×10⁴,在10毫升显色液中含0.1%5-Br-PADAP溶液0.6毫升,钼量在30微克以下遵守比耳定律。我们采用在显色后加入混合掩蔽剂并煮沸的办法来消除共存离子的干扰,方法具有很高的选择性,尤其可在大量钨存在下直接测定钼。     

邻苯三酚红-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵光度法测定矿石中微量钼

用邻苯三酚红(PR)-十二烷醇-三甲基溴化铵或二甲基双(十八烷基)氯化铵光度法测定钼已有报导,但钨钒干扰严重。我们研究了Mo(Ⅵ)-PR-CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)三元络合物的吸收光谱特性,发现此络合物的λ_(最大)=570毫微米,ε=5.3×10~4,Mo:PR:CTAB=1:2:2,0—100微克钼/50毫升符合比尔定律。用于矿石中微量钼的测定,灵敏度较高,选择性较好,钒:钼和钨:钼分别为12.5:1和2.5:1时不干扰测定。方法较简便,重现性和准确度也较好。     

钼(Ⅵ)-钙镁试剂络合物的极谱吸附波的研究与应用

在pH 4.0的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中,钼(Ⅵ)与钙镁试剂(CLG)生成的络合物在滴汞电极上产生良好的极谱吸附波,其波峰现于-0.66 V(vs.SCE)。在最佳条件下,在峰电流的二阶导数值(I″p)与钼(Ⅵ)浓度在5.0×10-8~1.2×10-5mol.L-1之间呈线性关系(r=0.999 7)。此方法的检出限(n=8)为5.0×10-9mol.L-1钼(Ⅵ)。应用于两种豆类植物试样中钼的测定,结果的RSD值均小于5%,回收率在97.2%~102.0%之间。测定了钼(Ⅵ)与钙镁试剂之间的络合比,结果为[Mo(Ⅵ)∶R]为1∶2,对络合物所产生的极谱吸附波的电化学性质也作了研究。     

乙醇-硫酸铵双水相萃取分光光度法测定粮食中钼含量

试验表明:在乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系中,所形成的乙醇相对钼与水杨基荧光酮红色络合物具有增敏作用。在pH 3的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液条件下,钼与水杨基荧光酮形成1∶2的稳定红色络合物,在乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系的乙醇相中,该络合物的最大吸收波长为516 nm,与单一水溶液中络合物相比,发生了2 nm波长的红移现象。在乙醇相中钼(Ⅵ)-SAF络合物的表观摩尔吸光率为1.12×105L.mol-1.cm-1,钼(Ⅵ)质量浓度在20 mg.L-1以内与其对应的吸光度呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.06 mg.L-1。该方法应用于粮食作物中微量钼的测定,测得方法的回收率为97.4%～100.1%。     

邻硝基荧光酮-聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚分光光度法测定铜矿中微克级钼

本文研究了乳化剂OP存在时Mo(Ⅵ)与ο-NPF的显色反应。试验表明,在0.01—0.045mol/L硫酸中,络合物的最大吸收位于513nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.4×10~5,络合物组成为Mo(Ⅵ):ο-NPF:OP=1:4:3,不稳定常数K_不=1.3×10~(-6)。铜量在0—20μg范围内符合比尔定律,络合物显色后吸光度在3小时内不变。标准加料回收率为99—101%。Fe(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、ln(Ⅲ)、Tl(Ⅰ)、As(Ⅲ)不影响测定。本法已应用于铜矿中μg级钼的测定,结果满意。     

金属-4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚(PAR)络合物的极谱研究(Ⅱ)——钼(Ⅵ)-PAR-NaClO3体系的极谱催化波

有关相络合物极谱催化波的报导颇多,但研究钼与PAR络合物极谱行为的工作尚未见报导。在稀硫酸(pH1.7)介质中,我们观察到,钼与PAR共存时产生一极谱还原波,再引入NaClO₃时,此波灵敏度增加,示波极谱导数波波形尖锐而又对称。本文研究钼(Ⅵ)-PAR-NaClO₅体系极谱催化波产生的条件,应用该体系测定了矿样中的痕量钼。     

呈钼(Ⅵ)-羟胺-EDTA络合物的钼络合滴定

Pecsok和Samer研究了钼与EDTA络合物的特性和Lassner和Scharf提出钼的络合滴定法以来,这方面有了很大的发展.但绝大多数方法基于用硫酸肼把钼还元为五价,与EDTA形成深黄色的2:1络合物。由于络合物颜色较深,应用受到一定的限制。矢口裕彦、梶原武用盐酸羟胺作还原剂,钼(Ⅴ)与EDTA形成淡黄色的1:1络合物的新方法。Lassner等认为盐酸羟胺是络合剂,钼(Ⅵ)与羟胺、EDTA形成三元络合物。本     

稀土-(口底)唑-溴化十六烷基三甲铵三元络合物显色反应的研究

在中性及微碱性溶液中,稀土与(口底)唑(STA)、溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)形成红色三元络合物,其最大吸收峰位于570nm(仅铈为580nm),摩尔吸光系数为6.1-8.4×10~4。三元络合物中Ce:STA=1:3,La(Y,Yb):STA=1:2.鉴于在pH6.8并加大CTMAB的用量(使〔CTMAB〕/〔RE〕>600)时,镧、镨、钕的三元络合物受到抑制。而铈及重稀土络合物的吸光度降低甚少,提出了不需将铈氧化的直接测定镧中千分之几含量铈及轻稀土混合物中铈的简便分析方法,也可用于镧-镱、钕-钇二元混合物中镱和钇的测定。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-甲基-1,3-二羟基苯固相萃取光度法测定水中铀(Ⅵ)

研究了2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-甲基-1,3-二羟基苯(QAMDHB)与铀的显色反应。在pH 7.8三乙醇胺-盐酸缓冲介质中,Triton X-100和氟离子存在下,QAMDHB与铀(Ⅵ)、氟离子反应生成1∶1∶1紫色三元稳定络合物,络合物的λmax=562 nm,ε=8.0×104L.mol-1.cm-1,铀含量在0~20μg/10 mL内符合比耳定律。环境水样中的铀用TBP萃淋树脂固相萃取柱分离和富集后测定,方法的相对标准偏差在1.8%~2.4%之间,标准回收率在97%~104%。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第三讲钢铁中钼的测定(续)

2 .9　对 2 .8节所选录的三测方法的讨论2 .9.1　 2 氨基苯硫酚萃取光度法(1)显色剂与钼 (Ⅵ )的反应2 氨基苯硫酚为含硫给予体的显色剂 ,与钼(Ⅵ )形成绿色络合物 ,不溶于水 ,可用氯仿萃取。已经证实钼 (Ⅵ )与 2 氨基苯硫酚 (简写作ＨＬ)络合物的摩尔比为 1比 3,经用元素分析及红外光谱测定证明络合物分子中存在Ｏ -Ｈ及ＭＯ =Ｏ结构 ,支持了络反应系由ＭｏＯ(ＯＨ ) 3+ 离子与显色剂ＨＬ反应 ,生成不带电荷的ＭｏＯ (ＯＨ )Ｌ3络合物的实验事实。方法 1中采用的反应时水相的酸度条件为 ｐＨ=2 ,而实验所测得的定量萃取的水相中的适宜…     

Square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry of molybdenum(VI) in continuous flow at a wall-jet mercury film electrode sensor

An adsorptive stripping voltammetry method for the determination of traces of molybdenum(VI) in flowing solution at a wall-jet electrode sensor has been developed. After adsorption of a molybdenum complex on a wall-jet mercury film electrode, the complex is reduced by a square wave scan. More satisfactory results were obtained using 8-hydroxyquinoline as a complexing agent in nitrate medium than using Toluidine Blue in oxalic acid. Enhanced sensitivity was achieved by optimizing adsorption time and square wave parameter values. The detection limit of Mo(VI) was found to be at the nanomolar level. Interference of some other metallic species in the determination of nanomolar Mo(VI) was also investigated: Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) do not interfere at 10 muM, whereas 1 muM FeEDTA(-) causes an increase in peak current. This iron interference was removed effectively with citric acid.     

双显色剂高灵敏协同显色反应的研究——钼-溴邻苯三酚红-乙基紫体系

本文研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下,钼(Ⅵ)与溴邻苯三酚红和碱性染料-乙基紫产生的协同显色反应。探讨了利用协同显色反应进行分光光度测定痕量钼的可能性。在乙酸介质中,钼(Ⅵ)与溴邻苯三酚红和乙基紫形成[EV]₃[MoO₂(BPR)]离子缔合型配合物,其吸收峰位于535nm,相应试剂(BPR+EV)的吸收峰则位于640nm。摩尔吸光系数e₅₃₆=1.70×10⁵L·mol^-1·cm^-1。双峰双波长法可使灵敏度倍增。Δε_535～640=3.20×10⁵L·mol^-1。钼含量为0～0.16^μg/mL时,吸光度遵守比尔定律。桑德尔灵敏度(S)为0.00057μg/cm²。反应具有较高的选择性,除锗、钛、钨、钒有较严重干扰以外,其它常见金属离子不干扰钼的显色。根据配合物的组成,推测了它的可能结构。     

Spectrophotometric determination of trace molybdenum in plants and seeds with 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylflurone

A novel spectrophotometric method based on a new reagent, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylflurone, was developed for the determination of molybdenum in plants and seeds. 3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylflurone showed outstanding analytical characteristics for spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum. The reaction conditions are simple and stable. In 0.2 mol l(-1) phosphoric acid medium (which can combine with iron and other metal ions and greatly improves the selectivity of the color system), molybdenum(VI) reacts with 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylflurone to form a 1:2 red complex with an absorption maximum at 530 nm, the color reaction can completed in 2 min and the absorbance of the molybdenum complex remains stable for at least 72 h at room temperature. Its stability constant is 1.21 x 10(28) at 25 degrees C. Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0-0.6 microg ml(-1) Mo(VI). The reagent has very high sensitivity and selectivity; the molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.35 x 10(5) 1 mol(-1) cm(-1) and the limit of quantification, the limit of detection and relative standard deviation (n = 10) were found to be 6.7 ng ml(-1), 2.2 ng ml(-1) and 1.01%, respectively. Cu (50000-fold), Fe (20000-fold), K (20000-fold), NH4+ (20000-fold), Mg (15000-fold), Zn (10000-fold), Na (10000-fold), Al (4000-fold), Ca (25000-fold), Mn (2000-fold), Ce (500-fold), Cr (400-fold) and Bi (200-fold) do not interfere with the determination of trace levels of molybdenum up to the excesses indicated. The selectivity is much superior to that of other published methods. The proposed method was applied to the direct determination of molybdenum in plants and seeds with satisfactory results. The synthesis of the reagent and conditions of color reaction were studied in detail.     

Spectrophotometric and volumetric molybdenum determination with 2,2'-biquinoxalyl

Volumetric and spectrophotometric methods for molybdenum determination based on reaction with 2,2'-biquinoxalyl (2,2'-BQx) in concentrated hydrochloric acid media have been developed. Absorption spectra of the 1,1'-dihydro 2,2'-biquinoxalylene complex shows the most intensive absorption band at 685 nm with molar absorptivity = 3.3 x 10(4) 1. mole(-1). cm(-1). The compound is characterized by good durability to high temperatures and concentrated acid media. The mentioned indicator gives distinct colour changes at the titration end-point. The spectrophotometric method for molybdenum determination is based on the use of the difference in absorbance between the oxidized and reduced forms of 2,2'-BQx. The indicator is reduced with Sn(II) and then part of it is reoxided as a result of addition of Mo(VI). The difference in absorbance between the blank determination and molybdenum sample increases linearily in the concentration range 0.2-2.0 mug Mo/cm(3). 2,2'-Biquinoxalyl was used as an indicator in the volumetric method for the determination of molybdenum concentrations in steel alloy. The interfering ions FE(III) and Cr(III) are easily eliminated as the precipitate of hydroxides. The mineral acids, hydrochloric sulphuric and perchloric acids, have been tested as reaction media.     

Spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum as a mixed thiocyanate-monooctyl α-anilinobenzylphosphonate complex

A sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum is described. Molybdenum is reduced with ascorbic acid in hydrochloric acid solution, and complexed with thiocyanate ions, and the complex formed is extracted with monooctyl α-anilinobenzylphosphonate (MOABP) in chloroform. The molar absorptivity of the method is 5858 l mole^-1 cm^-1 at 470 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.7–28 μg Mo ml^-1. Few metals interfere; the separation of the interfering elements is discussed. The composition of the extracted complex is Mo(SCN)₅·3 MOABP.     

Simultaneous determination of titanium and molybdenum in steel samples using derivative spectrophotometry in neutral micellar medium

A simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of Ti(IV) and Mo(VI) using resacetophenone p-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone (RAPHBH) in presence of Triton X-100, without any prior separation. Beer's law is obeyed between 0.13-1.2 microg mL-1 and 0.18-1.90 microg mL-1 concentration of Ti(IV) and Mo(VI) at 455 nm and 405 nm, respectively. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the coloured complexes at pH 3.0 are 3.1x10(4) L mol-1 cm-1, 4.2x10(4) L mol-1 cm-1, and 1.6 ng cm-2, 2.3 ng cm-2 for Ti(IV) and Mo(VI), respectively. The stoichiometry of the complexes were found to be 1:2 and 1:1 (metal:ligand) for Ti(IV) and Mo(VI), respectively. These metal ions interfere with the determination of each other in zero-order spectrophotometry. The first derivative spectra of these complexes permitted a simultaneous determination of Ti(IV) and Mo(VI) at zero crossing wavelengths of 500.0 nm and 455.0 nm, respectively. The effect of foreign ions in the determination of Ti(IV) and Mo(VI) were investigated. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of titanium and molybdenum in standard alloy steel, mineral and soil samples.     

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry determination of molybdenum(VI) in water and soil

A differential pulse stripping voltammetry method for the trace determination of molybdenum(VI) in water and soil has been developed. In 0.048M oxalic acid and 6 x 10(-5)M Toluidine Blue (pH 1.8) solution, Mo(V), the reduction product of Mo(VI) in the sample solution, can form a ternary complex, which can be concentrated by adsorption on a static mercury drop electrode at -0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The adsorbed complex gives a well-defined cathodic stripping current peak at -0.30 V, which can be used for determining Mo(VI) in the range 5 x 10(-10)-7 x 10(-9)M, with a detection limit of 1 x 10(-10)M (4 min accumulation). The method is also selective. Most of the common ions do not interfere but Sn(IV) and large amounts of Cu(2+), Ag(+) and Au(3+) affect the determination.     

A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum in industrial, environmental, biological and soil samples using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline.

A very simple, ultra-sensitive and highly selective non-extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amount of molybdenum(VI) using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (DBHQ) has been developed. 5,7-Dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline reacts in a slightly acidic solution (0.05 - 1.0 M H2SO4) with molybdenum(VI) to give a deep greenish-yellow chelate which has an absorption maximum at 401 nm. The reaction is instantaneous and the absorbance remains stable for over 24 h. The average molar absorption coefficient and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 4.13 x 10(3) L mol(-1) cm(-1) and 7 ng cm(-2) of molybdenum(VI), respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.1 - 50 microg mL(-1) of molybdenum(VI). The stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:3 (Mo:DBHQ). A large excess of over 50 cations, anions and some common complexing agents (e.g. EDTA, oxalate, citrate, phosphate, thiourea, SCN-) do not interfere with the determination. The method was successfully used in the determination of molybdenum in several Standard Reference Materials (alloys, steels and waters) as well as in some environmental waters (inland and surface), biological samples (human blood and urine), soil samples, solution containing both molybdenum(V) and molybdenum(VI) and complex synthetic mixtures. The method has high precision and accuracy (S = +/-0.01 for 0.5 microg mL(-1)).     

Determination of trace molybdenum in vegetable and food samples by spectrophotometry with p-carboxyphenylfluorone

A new highly sensitive and selective chromogenic reagent, p-carboxyphenylfluorone (p-CPF), was studied for spectrophotometric determination of trace molybdenum. In 0.36 mol L(-1)phosphoric acid medium, p-CPF reacts with molybdenum(VI) to form a 1:3 red complex, which has a sensitive absorption peak at 531 nm. Under optimal conditions, the reaction of molybdenum(VI) with p-CPF completed rapidly and absorbance remains almost constant for at least 24 h. Molybdenum(VI) obeyed Beer's law in the range 0-2.0 microg mL(-1); the apparent molar absorption coefficient, Sandell's sensitivity and the limit of detection were found to be 1.03 x 10(5) L mol(-1) cm(-1), 1.028 ng cm(-2)and 0.73 ng mL(-1) respectively; the effect of various foreign ions were examined in detail. It was found that most coexisting ions can be tolerated in considerable amounts, especially 800 mg of Mn(II), 200 mg of Mg(II), Fe(II), Co(III), Ni(II) and Cd(II), 50 mg of Ca(II) and Al(III), 25 mg of Cu(II) and Fe(III), 10 mg of Hg (II), La(III), Bi(III), Pb(II) and Zn(II) don't interfere with the determination of molybdenum(VI). The proposed method is very simple, sensitive and selective, it has been applied to determine molybdenum in vegetable and food samples with a very high precision and accuracy. Moreover, the synthesis of the reagent and the conditions of the colour reaction were also studied in detail.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Molybdenum in Steel and Pure Iron with a New Chromogenic Reagent Dimethoxyhydroxyphenylflurone

ABSTRACT

A simple method for the direct determination of trace molybdenum in low alloy steel and pure iron with selectivity and sensitivity is reported. In the presence of TritonX-100 and sulphuric-phosphoric acid medium, a new chromogenic reagent dimethoxyhydroxyphenyl-flurone (DMHPF) forms a red complex with molybdenum(VI). The molar absorptivity is obeyed from the range of 0? 8 μg/25 ml for molybdenum(VI). Most of metal ions and 35000-fold amounts of iron do not interfere with the determination of molybdenum. The proposed method has been successfully used for the determination of trace amounts of molybdenum in steel and pure iron specimens.