Effect of Pore Structure of Al-Co-Mo Catalyst on Its Efficiency in Hydrodesulfurization of Black Oil

The effect of the volume of macropores (>100 nm) and pores 10-100 nm in radius in the Al-Co-Mn catalyst on its activity in hydrodesulfurization of black oil produced from West-Siberian oil was studied at varied process parameters.     

Effect of Composition of Al-Co-Mo Catalyst on Its Desulfurizing,Deasphalting, and Demineralizing Activity in Hydrofining of Oil Residues

Effect of the composition of Al-Co-Mo catalysts on their desulfurizing, deasphalting, and demineralizing activities in hydrofining of black oil and interrelation of these activities with coking and deactivation of the catalyst are studied.     

还原温度对MoP催化剂加氢精制性能的影响

 通过程序升温还原磷钼酸盐前体的方法制备了无负载磷化钼(MoP)催化剂,并采用XRD,BET,XPS和高压连续微反技术,考察了催化剂的性质,研究了还原温度对催化剂HDN,HDS和HYD性能的影响. 结果表明,在还原温度为600～800 ℃范围内,成功制备出磷化钼催化剂. 高压连续微反结果表明,MoP的催化特性与其比表面积、还原度和表相组成有关,比表面积大、还原度适中和表相Moδ+/Pδ-比适中的磷化钼具有更高的催化活性; 650～700 ℃为最合适的还原温度,高于或低于该温度时所制备的MoP催化剂活性均大幅度下降. 在合适的条件下,MoP催化剂对噻吩HDS,吡啶HDN和环己烯HYD的转化率可分别达到94.3%,100.0%和90.3%.     

Effect of Reduction Temperature on Hydrofining Performance of Supported Molybdenum Phosphide Catalyst

A series of supported molybdenum phosphide catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. XRD, TG-DTG, XPS and BET were used to study the phase, compositions and surface areas of the prepared catalysts. A model reactant containing thiophene, pyridine and cyclohexene was used for the measurements of catalytic activities. The effect of reduction temperature on catalytic activities was investigated. The analysis results by XRD and BET are very different when the reduction temperature is changed from 400 to 900 ℃. MoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts and CoMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared at the reduction temperature of 500 ℃ are the most active ones.     

水热处理对MCM-22催化剂酸性、孔结构及甲苯/甲醇烷基化性能的影响

采用XRD, NH3-TPD, IR和低温氮气吸附等方法研究了分别以纯水蒸气和质量分数为6％的氨水蒸气处理MCM-22分子筛催化剂后, 其酸性和孔结构的变化, 并以甲苯、甲醇烷基化为探针反应考察了催化剂的催化性能. 研究结果表明, 在两种不同介质中和处理温度不高于400 ℃条件下, 催化剂的总酸量变化不大, 强酸中心有所增加; 处理温度高于500 ℃后, 催化剂的总酸量明显下降, 强酸中心基本消失; 经水热处理后, MCM-22分子筛催化剂中形成了孔径不均匀的二次孔, 平均孔径增大. 随着处理温度的提高, 催化剂的活性降低, 对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的选择性上升. 经500 ℃纯水蒸气处理5 h的MCM-22催化剂, 具有适宜的酸强度和酸类型分布, 有利于甲苯甲醇烷基化反应的进行, 且催化剂维持了较高的催化活性并具有一定的对位选择性(甲苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性分别29.22％和42.16％).     

Influence of the Pore Structure of a Catalyst for Demetallization of Petroleum Feedstock on the Process Results

Demetallization of a mixture of vacuum gas oil with heavy coker gas oil on CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with different pore structures was studied, and the influence of the catalyst pore structure on the process results was demonstrated. For the demetallization catalysts to be effective, their pore size should be restricted not only from below but also from above. When using samples with broad pores, effects of the hydrodesulfurization and hydrodemetallization inhibition can arise owing to adsorption of supramolecular structures of heavy residues, in particular, of asphaltenes.

     

介孔分子筛孔道结构对药物巯甲丙脯酸释放性能的影响

以巯甲丙脯酸为药物模型, 研究了不同孔道结构的介孔分子筛载体的药物释放性能.     

Effect of TiO2 on the Pore Structure of SiO2-PDMS Ormosils

In this work, pore structure evolution of Ormosils containing TBT (Tetrabutyl titanate) has been characterized by means of mercury porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption and helium pycnometry. These ormosils have been prepared by the sol-gel method by the reaction of TEOS (tetraethoxysilane), PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, silanol terminated) and TBT under acid-catalyzed conditions. The addition of TiO₂ increases the volume and specific surface of secondary micropores and at the same time decreases the corresponding volumes of mesopores and macropores. The presence of TiO₂ gives also a continuous decreasing in the pore connectivity being 9.7 for the ormosil without TiO₂ and 4.4 for that of the higher concentration of TiO₂. However, the pore length shows a significant decrease with the first addition of TiO₂ changing from 9.1 to 2.2 at the higher TiO₂ concentration. Pore volumes show a decrease as the TiO₂ concentration is increased in the ormosil. On the other hand, density increases and porosity decreases with the TiO₂ concentration. These results are in accordance with the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the ormosil and the size of such nanoparticles increases with the TiO₂ concentration. Fractal constant has a low value, close to 2, for all different samples meaning that these ormosils can be considered as low surface roughness materials.     

Effect of the Structure of Phase-Transfer Catalyst on the Rate of Alkaline Hydrolysis of N-Benzyloxycarbonylglycine 4-Nitrophenyl Ester in the System Chloroform-Borate Buffer

Onium salts QZ (Z = Cl, Br) having a lipophilic (Q = R₃NR', where R' = C₁₆H₃₃) or readily extractable (into organic phase) cation (Q = Ph₄P) exhibit a high catalytic activity in phase-transfer alkaline hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine 4-nitrophenyl ester in the two-phase system chloroform-borate buffer (pH 10). No catalytic effect is observed in the presence of hydrophilic ammonium salts [Et₄NCl, Et₃PhCH₂NCl, Me₂(NH₂)+NCH₂CH₂+N(NH₂)Me₂·2Br^-] and those insoluble in organic solvents [(Me)₃+NNH(CH₂)₂COO^-·2H₂O, Me₂(NH₂)+NCH₂CO^-, Me₂(NH₂)+N(CH₂)₃SO₃ ^-]. These data suggest extraction mechanism of the process. The activity of lipophilic cation Q is determined mainly by two factors: its extractibility, on the one hand, and the ability to form micelles, on the other.     

基体石墨的孔隙结构及其对单质Ag扩散的影响

高温气冷堆燃料元件的基体石墨是一种多孔复合材料,是燃料元件的主要组成部分,其结构影响燃料元件的性能和裂变产物在燃料元件中的扩散。 本文利用压汞法表征基体石墨的孔隙结构,并讨论了基体石墨制备工艺中最大压制压强与热处理过程对孔隙结构的影响。 结果表明,基体石墨大孔孔径分布为6001900 nm,高温热处理使基体石墨的总孔隙率、中值孔径、大孔孔容均减小;基体石墨热处理样品的大孔孔容随最大压制压强的增加而呈线性减少,热处理过程单质Ag在石墨基体中的扩散速度与大孔孔容变化具有正相关性。     

不同孔结构两亲性沸石的制备及其对相界面反应的催化性能

 通过三甲基氯硅烷(TMS)对沸石表面进行修饰,制得了两亲性沸石样品TMS-Hβ, TMS-HY和TMS-HZSM-5,并采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、水饱和吸附量测定和酸碱滴定等手段对改性样品进行了表征. TMS对这三种母体沸石的改性结果有所不同: 对于HZSM-5沸石, TMS仅在外表面修饰; 对于Hβ沸石,少量TMS进入沸石孔道; 而对于HY沸石, TMS则导致沸石结构部分坍塌. 两亲性TMS-HZSM-5和TMS-Hβ沸石在乙酸异戊酯相界面水解反应中表现出明显优于各自母体沸石的催化性能. 两亲性沸石表面硅烷基的稳定性对其催化性能有一定的影响. 相对于TMS-HZSM-5沸石, TMS-Hβ沸石表面硅烷基的稳定性较强; 在较高的相界面反应温度下, TMS-Hβ样品仍能维持两亲性能,表现出较高的催化活性.     

Ru-Zn/ZrO2催化剂在苯部分加氢反应中的孔径效应

采用沉淀法和溶剂热法合成了三种具有相同晶型但不同孔径的四方ZrO₂（t-ZrO₂）,以此为载体,采用沉积沉淀-硫酸锌溶液中还原的方法制备了Ru-Zn/ZrO₂催化剂,考察了Ru-Zn/ZrO₂催化剂的孔径对苯部分加氢性能的影响.采用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂物理吸附、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）、CO化学吸附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）、X射线激发俄歇电子能谱（XAES）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对载体和催化剂进行了系统的表征.研究表明,在苯部分加氢反应中,Ru-Zn/ZrO₂催化剂的孔径对环己烯的选择性有显著影响.随催化剂孔径的增大,苯的转换频率（TOF）基本不变,环己烯初始选择性（S₀）则逐渐升高,孔径为11.7 nm的ZrO₂（ZrO₂（11.7））负载的Ru-Zn/ZrO₂（11.7）催化剂的S₀及得率最高,分别可达88%和54%.结合催化剂的表征和加氢结果,讨论了孔径影响苯部分加氢活性和选择性的原因.     

手性催化剂的结构及其反应性能

以天然产物为前体对手性催化剂进行了分类，对每种手性催化剂列举了所催化的不对称反应及其对映选择性；并对催化剂的结构与反应性能的关系进行了初步的总结和分析。参考文献７０篇。     

甘油脱水合成丙烯醛ZSM-5催化剂的孔结构和酸性调控

研究了ZSM-5 孔结构和表面酸性对甘油脱水合成丙烯醛反应性能的影响. 在碱浓度为0.2 mol·L^-1的NaOH溶液中, 分别在65和85 ℃条件下对ZSM-5进行化学刻蚀, 成功地制备了含微介孔的ZSM-5催化剂, 提高了催化剂的表面强酸密度. 碱处理后的ZSM-5催化剂在甘油脱水反应中的稳定性得到显著提高, 在ZSM-5-at85 (经85 ℃碱处理的ZSM-5)催化剂上甘油转化率在反应10 h 后仍可保持95%以上, 丙烯醛选择性达到78%. 采用N₂吸附-脱附等温线、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、²⁷Al 固体核磁共振(²⁷Al MAS-NMR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对ZSM-5 结构和表面性质进行了表征, 实验结果表明在碱处理过程中骨架中的硅发生了溶脱现象, 在分子筛表面上形成了大量介孔, 但是ZSM-5 的MFI 拓扑结构没有发生变化, 骨架中的大部分铝得到保持. X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)证实了在碱处理后ZSM-5分子筛外表面的Si/Al 摩尔比低于其骨架中的比例, 由此表明脱硅现象主要发生在ZSM-5 的外表面, 在新产生的介孔区域由于Si/Al 摩尔比的降低使得强酸密度得到提高. 具有微介孔结构和较高酸密度的ZSM-5催化剂增强了反应物扩散性能和容碳能力, 这对于提高甘油脱水合成丙烯醛催化剂的活性和稳定性起到了关键作用.     

Chiral Mesoporous Organosilica Nanospheres: Effect of Pore Structure on the Performance in Asymmetric Catalysis

(R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol ((R)‐(+)‐Binol)‐functionalized (Binol=2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl) chiral mesoporous organosilica nanospheres with uniform particle size (100 to 300 nm) have been synthesized by co‐condensation of tetraethoxysilane and (R)‐2,2′‐di(methoxymethyl)oxy‐6,6′‐di(1‐propyl trimethoxysilyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl in a basic medium with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the template. Nanospheres with a radiative 2D hexagonal channel arrangement exhibit higher enantioselectivity and turnover frequency than those with a penetrating 2D hexagonal channel arrangement (94 versus 88 % and 43 versus 15 h^?1, respectively) in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. In addition, under similar conditions, the enantioselectivity of the nanospheres can be greatly improved as the structural order of the framework increases. These results clearly show that the structural order of nanospheres affects enantioselective reactions. The enantioselectivity of the nanospheres synthesized by the co‐condensation method is higher than that of nanospheres prepared by a grafting method and even higher than that of their homogeneous counterpart. These results indicate that the bite angle of (R)‐(+)‐Binol bridging in a more rigid porous network is in a more favorable position for achieving higher enantioselectivity. The efficiency of a co‐condensation method for the synthesis of high‐performance heterogeneous asymmetric catalysts is also reported.     

温度和剂油比对汽油催化裂化脱硫的影响

Increasingly stringent regulations on environmental protection make gasoline desulfurization be a major concern for the present refineries. Accordingly, we proposed an original idea of sulfur reduction by catalytic cracking of FCC gasoline and simultaneously converting most sulfur of sulfides to H 2S. Some progress has been made in exploitation of the catalysts. In this paper, the effect of temperature and catalyst/oil ratio on the FCC gasoline desulfurization over two catalyst samples via catalytic cracking was discussed. The optimum temperature range is 400～420 ℃ for sulfur removal with relatively low cracking loss of gasoline. The highest sulfur removal percentage of 70% can be achieved with a liquid yield of more than 96%. The catalyst samples have higher desulfurization activity and selectivity for the sulfide cracking. In addition, both the gasoline yield and the sulfur content of the desulfurized gasoline decrease with the catalyst/oil ratio.     

致孔剂对HP（MA—VAc—MMA）载体孔结构的影响

以二乙烯苯和双丙烯酸多缩乙二醇酯为交联剂、聚醋酸乙烯酯（ＰＶＡｃ）或它与醋酸丁酯（ＢＡＣ）的混合物为致孔剂、ＢＰＯ为引发剂，用悬浮聚合随后水解的方法制得了部分水解聚（丙烯酸甲酯－醋酸乙烯酯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯）［ＨＰ（ＭＡ－ＶＡｃ－ＭＭＡ）］多孔载体，研究了ＰＶＡｃ及（ＰＶＡｃ＋ＢＡＣ）用量、分子量及混合比对ＨＰ（ＭＡ－ＶＡｃ－ＭＭＡ）孔结构的影响。结果表明，当ＰＶＡｃ的Ｍ＞２．５×１０５，ＰＶＡｃ／ＢＡＣ为２．３，用量为１０～２０％时，可制得孔隙率较高，孔径分布较窄，孔表面积较大的多孔载体。这种载体适用于微生物固定化。     

添加聚乙二醇对CuZnAl浆状催化剂结构和性能的影响

首先利用共沉淀沉积法制备CuZnAl催化剂前驱体,并且通过添加聚乙二醇(PEG600)对其进行改性,最后采用完全液相法对前驱体进行热处理制得浆状催化剂,考察了其在浆态床合成气一步法制二甲醚反应中的催化性能,采用X射线粉末衍射、程序升温还原、氨程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱对其进行了表征.结果表明,PEG600的添加促进了催化剂中铜组分在热处理过程中被还原成低价铜,提高了催化剂中Cu2O的分散性,改变了催化剂表面酸量和酸强度的分布,同时PEG600的添加方式对催化剂的甲醇合成和甲醇脱水能力有显著影响.在硝酸铜和硝酸锌水溶液中添加0.5 wt%的PEG600时,在热处理过程中形成的Cu2O最稳定,不易被还原,其晶粒度小,进而使CO转化率大幅度提高.     

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Structure and Performance of CuZnAI Slurry Catalyst

首先利用共沉淀沉积法制备CuZnAl催化剂前驱体,并且通过添加聚乙二醇（PEG600）对其进行改性,最后采用完全液相法对前驱体进行热处理制得浆状催化剂,考察了其在浆态床合成气一步法制二甲醚反应中的催化性能,采用X射线粉末衍射、程序升温还原、氨程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱对其进行了表征.结果表明,PEG600的添加促进了催化剂中铜组分在热处理过程中被还原成低价铜,提高了催化剂中Cu2O的分散性,改变了催化剂表面酸量和酸强度的分布,同时PEG600的添加方式对催化剂的甲醇合成和甲醇脱水能力有显著影响.在硝酸铜和硝酸锌水溶液中添加0.5 wt%的PEG600时,在热处理过程中形成的Cu2O最稳定,不易被还原,其晶粒度小,进而使CO转化率大幅度提高.