基于自适应拟牛顿法的CDMA天线阵列波束形成

针对于CDMA系统自适应天线阵列,提出了一种新的盲自适应MSINR(Maximum Signal-to-Interference plus noise ratio)波束形成算法.首先,将MSINR准则转化为一种新的无约束损失函数,并且从理论上分析该损失函数的性质.然后,应用自适应拟牛顿方法得到在线迭代波束形成算法.该算法无需训练序,而是利用CDMA信号自身的结构特点,结合空间处理提高了系统性能.最后,给出了仿真结果,表明算法具有较快的收敛速度和良好的动态跟踪能力.     

应用于CDMA系统的智能天线的波束形成技术

为了在复杂的电磁传播环境中保证信号传输的可靠性，智能天线技术成为近年来移动通信领域中的一个研究热点，而波束形成是智能天线中的关键技术之一。文中着重分析了自适应波束形成技术在码分多址系统中的应用，并讨论了目前波束形成技术中需要面临的挑战。     

应用于CDMA系统的智能天线的波束形成技术

为了在复杂的电磁传播环境中保证信号传输的可靠性,智能天线技术成为近年来移动通信领域中的一个研究热点,而波束形成是智能天线中的关键技术之一。文中着重分析了自适应波束形成技术在码分多址系统中的应用,并讨论了目前波束形成技术中需要面临的挑战。     

智能天线自适应波束形成算法的研究

巨大的通信需求量与有限的频谱资源之间的矛盾越来越突出,智能天线凭借其特有的空间滤波的特性,采用空分多址方式,高效率地使用频谱资源,在保证通信质量的基础上大规模地提高系统容量。按照非盲算法与盲算法的分类,分别介绍了非盲目算法中的最小均方算法和盲目算法中的最小二乘恒模算法,并对两种算法通过matlab进行仿真。     

智能天线自适应波束的形成与实现

智能天线利用数字信号处理技术，产生自适应定向波束，使天线主波束对准用户信号到达方向．旁瓣或零陷对准干扰信号到达方向，达到抑制干扰，提高移动通信系统容量的目的。文章研究了自适应波束形成的基本原理及其FPGA实现过程。     

一种新的天线阵列盲自适应波束形成算法

针对DS-CDMA的上行链路多用户检测,提出了一种基于天线阵列的盲自适应波束形成算法。针对强干扰采用线性约束最小方差准则(LCMV),利用正交分解将LCMV简化为非约束的最小化优化问题,采用共轭梯度(CG)算法求得最优解。对期望用户信号波形的使用保证了用户符号信息的最优恢复。仿真结果表明,该算法相对传统算法可以获得更高的信号干扰比(SINR)。该算法不需要天线阵列单元数大于用户数,因此具有更好的实用性。     

皮智能天线中的LMS自适应波束形成研究

自适应波束形成是智能天线的核心技术,其主要思想是利用自适应算法调整阵列权向量,使天线主瓣指向有用信号,干扰方向对准零陷,尽可能地提高阵列输出所需信号的强度,同时减小干扰信号的强度,从而提高阵列输出的信噪比.运用MATLAB仿真对LMS算法收敛性能进行常规研究,但重点研究了收敛因子、阵元个数、阵元间距等阵列系统因素,以及阵列接收信号过程中两波束夹角对LMS自适应波束形成性能的影响,为进一步优化自适应波束形成的性能奠定了基础.     

智能天线与自适应数字波束形成技术

相控阵雷达由于阵列天线副瓣偏高容易被电子战系统进行副瓣侦察和干扰。在下一代相控阵雷达的研制中,智能天线已经成为重点发展方向。介绍了智能天线的基本概念、空时联合通道模型,重点阐述了智能天线接收波束形成与发射波束形成的应用。     

智能天线波束形成算法分析

本文重点介绍了自适应方式下的智能天线;然后研究了三种经典的自适应波束形成算法——最小均方误差算法、递归最小二乘算法、恒模算法,并对这三种算法在MATLAB中进行了仿真,分别得出了期望信号在迭代过程中的误差变化,期望信号和干扰信号在迭代过程中的增益变化及迭代完成达到收敛后的天线方向图,分析了收敛速度及各项性能指标,并对三种算法做了性能比较。     

智能天线自适应盲波束成形算法研究

智能天线中的自适应算法又称为数字波束成形算法,其中,盲自适应算法是不需要专门的训练信号或确定信号,节省了因接收训练序列和导频信号而占用的频谱资源,提高了频谱利用率。因此,盲自适应波束形成算法受到越来越多的关注。本文主要对现有的各种盲算法原理进行逐一介绍,然后对比了各种算法的优点。     

Fast adaptive blind beamforming algorithm for antenna array in CDMA systems

In this paper, the maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (MSINR) beamforming problem in antenna-array CDMA systems is considered. In this paper, a modified MSINR criterion presented in a previous paper is interpreted as an unconstrained scalar cost function. By applying recursive least squares (RLS) to minimize the cost function, a novel blind adaptive beamforming algorithm to estimate the beamforming vector, which optimally combines the desired signal contributions from different antenna elements while suppressing noise and interference, is derived. Neither the knowledge of the channel conditions (fading coefficients, signature sequences and timing of interferers, statistics of other noises, etc.) nor training sequence is required. Compared with previously published adaptive beamforming algorithms based on the stochastic-gradient method, it has faster convergence and better tracking capability in the time-varying environment. Simulation results in various signal environments are presented to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.     

A novel adaptive beamforming algorithm for antenna array CDMA systems with strong interferers

Blind beamforming based on the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (MSNR) can improve the performance of an array system only when the processing gain of the given code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system is high enough such that the desired signal can become dominant after despreading (see Choi, S. and Shim, D., IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.49, p.1793-1806, 2000; Choi, S. and Yun, D., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.45, p.1393-1404, 1997). We consider a maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (MSINR) beamforming. The MSINR performance criterion is chosen to deal with strong interferers effectively. It is shown that blind MSINR beamforming is possible by directly utilizing the input and output signals of correlators of the CDMA systems. In addition, we propose an adaptive beamforming algorithm at a lower computational complexity - about O(7.5N) - where N is the number of antenna elements of the array system. Simulation results are presented in various signal environments to show the performance of the proposed adaptive algorithm.     

Blind equalization in antenna array CDMA systems

Multipath induced interchip-interference (ICI) alters waveforms of transmitted signals and presents a major obstacle to direct-sequence (DS) code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) communications. For systems with aperiodic pseudorandom (PN) spreading sequences, the primary way to counter fading is through employing RAKE receivers that enhance the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) by combining multipath signals from the desired user. In this paper, we formulate a discrete-time model for antenna array CDMA systems and study the 2-D RAKE receiver problem by casting it into an optimum vector FIR equalizer design and estimation framework. A novel aspect of the present work is the full exploitation of the potential of 2-D RAKE receivers without requiring any detailed knowledge of the multipath channels     

Optimum rate allocation for two-class services in CDMA smart antenna systems

Transmission bit rates are optimized for two-class traffic in variable spreading gain code-division multiple-access systems with antenna arrays. In an array antenna system, the interference levels experienced by the users belonging to different beams are not the same. Thus, it is not efficient to allocate the same rates to all the data users even though they belong to a cell. Considering this, an optimum rate allocation scheme is proposed for delay-tolerant data users. Additionally, we also propose the optimum rate allocation scheme for voice and data users when a packet scheduling scheme is considered. Numerical results show that, in array antenna systems, the proposed schemes considerably outperform the conventional scheme designed for omniantenna systems.     

CDMA无线通信正交分级式自适应波束接收机

提出了一种用于CDMA无线通信系统的正交分级式空域自适应波束接收机的结构与算法。与其他相关算法相比,采用该算法后,系统误码性能有明显的改进,尤其是在由多径传播信道引起的相关性信号环境下,效果更为明显。系统采用了新颖的正交分级优化方式,只需进行简单的运算,即可决定其正交级的有关系统参数。正交级数的多少可根据信号环境来决定。系统权值系数的优化分别在各正交级中独立进行,避免了传统优化方法的复杂运算过程。     

Blind adaptive beamforming for cyclostationary signals

In order to increase the capacity and to suppress co-channel interference in digital communication systems such as mobile cellular and mobile satellite communication systems, the employment of array beamforming techniques has been proposed. However, conventional beamforming methods are not suitable for such cases since these methods were mainly developed for signal detection and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in radar and sonar. In this paper, utilizing the cyclostationary properties of communication signals, we propose three blind cyclic adaptive beamforming (CAB) algorithms and their fast implementation schemes. Several numerical examples are included. These results demonstrate that the CAB algorithms are good candidates for spatial reuse of frequency spectrum in digital mobile communication systems of the next generation     

Blind adaptive multiuser detection for asynchronous dual-rateDS/CDMA systems

In this paper, the authors consider an asynchronous direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system wherein users are allowed to transmit their symbols at one out of two available data rates. Three possible access schemes are considered, namely, the variable spreading length (VSL), the variable chip rate (VCR), and the variable chip rate with frequency shift (VCRFS) formats. Their performance is compared for the case that a linear one-shot multiuser receiver is employed. It is also shown that detection of the users transmitting at the higher rate requires a periodically time-varying processing of the observables. Moreover, the problem of blind adaptive receiver implementation is studied, and a cyclic blind recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithm is provided which is capable of converging to the periodically time-varying high-rate users detection structure. Numerical results show that the proposed receivers are near-far resistant, and that the VCRFS access technique achieves the best performance. Finally as to the adaptive blind receiver implementation, computer simulations have revealed that the cyclic RLS algorithm for blind adaptive high-rate users demodulation outperforms the conventional RLS algorithm in most cases of primary importance     

An adaptive moving target tracking algorithm for smart antenna systems

In wireless communication environment, the time-varying channel and angular spreads caused by multipath fading and the mobility of Mobile Stations （MS） degrade the performance of the conventional Direction-Of-Arrival （DOA） tracking algorithms. On the other hand, although the DOA estimation methods based on the Maximum Likelihood （ML） principle have higher resolution than the beamforming and the subspace based methods, prohibitively heavy computation limits their practical applications. This letter first proposes a new suboptimal DOA estimation algorithm that combines the advantages of the lower complexity of subspace algorithm and the high accuracy of ML based algorithms, and then proposes a Kalman filtering based tracking algorithm to model the dynamic property of directional changes for mobile terminals in such a way that the association between the estimates made at different time points is maintained. At each stage during tracking process, the current suboptimal estimates of DOA are treated as meas urements, predicted and updated via a Kalman state equation, hence adaptive tracking of moving MS can be carried out without the need to perform unduly heavy computations. Computer simulation results show that this proposed algorithm has better performance of DOA estimation and tracking of MS than the conventional ML or subspace based algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness.     

Blind adaptive multiuser detector for nonlinearly modulated satellite mobile CDMA systems

This paper presents a novel blind adaptive noncoherent decorrelative multiuser detector for nonlinearly modulated satellite mobile Code Division Multiple Access （CDMA） systems. By using the known signature waveforms of the counterpart earth station in the blind adaptive multiuser detector, the system performance has been improved obviously. The computation results about the convergence properties of the new detector and the previous detectors demonstrate that the proposed multiuser detector has better performance than previous multiuser detectors for nonlinearly modulated CDMA systems.