三维介观超导环涡旋态的研究

通过数值求解非线性金兹堡-朗道(G-L)方程组,研究了三维介观超导环中的涡旋态。发现了在细环中只能存在巨涡旋态,以及存在顺磁、抗磁迈斯纳效应和间隙性超导现象。在粗环中,发现了多涡旋态和巨涡旋态共存的混合态。相应讨论有助于理解介观超导环中涡旋态相变。     

聚酰亚胺在MgB2约瑟夫森结制备中的应用

MgB_2超导材料由于其优异的超导性能和电学参数,是制作超导集成电路的理想材料之一。制备基于MgB_2超导薄膜的高质量约瑟夫森结是超导电子学应用的关键。以聚酰亚胺(PI)为抗蚀层,在MgB_2超导薄膜上实现微米量级的图形线条制作,以此工艺为基础,结合MgB_2超导薄膜的气相化学沉积和晶型B介质层沉积方法,制作了基于MgB_2超导材料的约瑟夫森纵向结阵列,并测试了相应结的约瑟夫森效应。     

10kA超导直流输电电缆系统损耗特性研究

超导电力技术具有诸多优势和良好的应用前景,世界范围内已完成多个超导电力装置的研发和示范应用。一根360m/10kA高温超导直流输电电缆(10kA超导电缆)的研制已经完成并成功实现并网示范运行。文中介绍了10kA超导电缆主要结构参数,讨论了超导电缆损耗源,重点分析了10kA超导电缆终端、低温杜瓦管和通电导体的损耗情况,终端电流引线是超导电缆热损耗最主要来源。10kA稳态运行条件下的损耗测试情况表明,低温液氮闭合循环系统满足10kA超导电缆冷却要求,其自身低温损耗为1600W左右,与分析结论基本吻合。     

垂直磁场中超导薄膜上的涡旋涨落

本文用二维非中性库仑气体模型描述磁场中超导薄膜上的涡旋涨落,将中性库仑气体的自洽方程组推广到非中性模型,并求得其数值解．文中着重讨论了非中性模型电荷配对的渡越行为和再入现象     

高阶Broer-Kaup(BK)方程组的新精确解

利用扩展齐次平衡法,我们得到了1+1维和2+1维高阶BK方程组新的孤子解和无穷多有理函数解,尤其是求出了初始值问题解的封闭形式.     

热处理工艺对MgB_2超导薄膜制备和表面形貌的影响

MgB_2作为一种独特而重要的高温超导材料(HTS),具备超导转变温度高,相干长度大,临界电流和临界磁场高等优势,具有在超导电子学领域大规模应用的潜力。基于MgB_2超导薄膜的超导器件的制备是该材料能否走向大规模应用的关键。在MgB_2超导薄膜的CVD法制备过程中,通过优化退火工艺的温度参数,使得MgB_2超导薄膜在单晶基片上的附着和稳定性增强。加入回火处理工艺,提高了薄膜表面的平整度,为MgB_2超导薄膜从材料走向器件创造了条件。     

rf-偏置超导隧道结的周期次谐波和混沌现象研究

本文利用全电流超导隧道结电子模拟器研究了dc与rf电流激励超导隧道结 .在固定rf激励频率和阻尾的条件下 ,随着rf激励幅度增加 ,初步观察到了系统的周期、次谐波和混沌解的无穷尽序列现象 .     

大型CICC超导磁体的超导接头研制

国家大科学工程"稳态强磁场装置"混合磁体的外超导磁体采用了管内电缆导体(CICC)方案,CICC超导接头就成为建设强磁场装置的关键技术之一.针对混合磁体的结构和工作模式,我们设计了两种新型结构、满足不同连接需要的CICC导体超导接头,并对研制的超导接头样品在4.2K低温下进行了性能测试,其各项性能满足了稳态强磁场混合磁体外超导磁体的工作要求.本文将主要介绍该超导接头的设计方案以及整个研制过程.     

基于Chua电路的四维超混沌忆阻电路

近年来,忆阻混沌电路受到国内外学者的广泛关注,然而目前四维忆阻系统往往只存在普通混沌(仅有一个正Lyapunov指数),本文通过用忆阻替换Chua电路中电阻的新途径,得出一个简单的四维忆阻电路,与仅含有限个孤立不稳定平衡点的大多已知系统不同,本系统存在无穷多个稳定和不稳定平衡点,研究发现该系统存在着极限环、混沌、超混沌等丰富的复杂行为,通过进一步数值分析和电路仿真实验,证实了超混沌吸引子的存在,从而解决了关于四维忆阻电路是否存在超混沌的疑问。     

相干光注入半导体激光器锁定过程的稳定性和到达混沌态的各种不稳定现象

本文从半经典理论出发,导出半导体激光器相干光注入锁定过程的基本方程组,讨论了静态解的多支性及其稳定性,稳态调制特性及其稳定性,锁定区内外各种不稳定现象及其在光注入条件下参数平面上的分布,发现锁定区内不稳定区中部存在一混沌区,而在靠近稳定区下边界则存在一自脉动区,混沌区与自脉动区之间是其过渡区;发现到达混沌态可通过自脉动分岔(2^p型和非2^p型)、拍频自调制,以及其混合型等新的路径。 关键词：     

Nonlinear time-independent and time-dependent propagation of light in direct-gap semiconductors with paired excitons bound into biexcitons

We study a new class of nonlinear cooperative phenomena that occur when light propagates in direct-gap semiconductors. The nonlinearity here is due to a process, first discussed by A. L. Ivanov, L. V. Keldysh, and V. V. Panashchenko, in which two excitons are bound into a biexciton by virtue of their Coulomb interaction. For the geometry of a ring cavity, we derive a system of nonlinear differential equations describing the dynamical evolution of coherent excitons, photons, and biexcitons. For the time-independent case we arrive at the equation of state of optical bistability theory, and this equation is found to differ considerably from the equations of state in the two-level atom model and in the exciton region of the spectrum. We examine the stability of the steady states and determine the switchover times between the optical bistability branches. We also show that in the unstable sections of the equation of state, nonlinear periodic and chaotic self-pulsations may arise, with limit cycles and strange attractors being created in the phase space of the system. The scenario for the transition to the dynamical chaos mode is found. A computer experiment is used to study the dynamic optical bistability. Finally, we discuss the possibility of detecting these phenomena in experiments. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 112, 1778–1790 (November 1997)     

Self-organization of the critical state in granular superconductors

The critical state in granular superconductors is studied using two mathematical models: systems of differential equations for the gauge-invariant phase difference and a simplified model that is described by a system of coupled mappings and in many cases is equivalent to the standard models used for studying self-organized criticality. It is shown that the critical state of granular superconductors is self-organized in all cases studied. In addition, it is shown that the models employed are essentially equivalent, i.e., they demonstrate not only the same critical behavior, but they also lead to the same noncritical phenomena. The first demonstration of the existence of self-organized criticality in a system of nonlinear differential equations and its equivalence to self-organized criticality in standard models is given in this paper.     

On precise center stable manifold theorems for certain reaction–diffusion and Klein–Gordon equations

We consider positive, radial and exponentially decaying steady state solutions of the general reaction–diffusion and Klein–Gordon type equations and present an explicit construction of infinite-dimensional invariant manifolds in the vicinity of these solutions. The result is a precise stable manifold theorem for the reaction–diffusion equation and a precise center-stable manifold theorem for the Klein–Gordon equation, which include the co-dimension of the manifolds and the decay rates for even perturbations.     

Controlling a time-delay system using multiple delay feedback control

In this paper multiple delay feedback control (MDFC) with different and independent delay times is shown to be an efficient method for stabilizing fixed points in finite-dimensional dynamical systems. Whether MDFC can be applied to infinite-dimensional systems has been an open question. In this paper we find that for infinite-dimensional systems modelled by delay differential equations, MDFC works well for stabilizing (unstable) steady states in long-, moderate- and short-time delay regions, in particular for the hyperchaotic case.     

混沌实验数据处理及仿真

大学物理实验中混沌实验大多采用观察现象的方法进行,本实验采用蔡氏电路(Chua s circuit)产生混沌行为.在观察不同初始值条件下出现的倍周期分岔、阵发混沌、奇异吸引子等相图及现象的基础上,通过对采集数据进行处理,对负电阻伏安特性进行分段线性拟合,用功率频谱法、计算机仿真方法(龙格-库塔数值积分法)对混沌现象进行描绘,将实验数据与非线性方程组的数值解相结合,呈现出混沌现象的本质.     

Recovery of parameters of delayed-feedback systems from chaotic time series

Methods for reconstructing a delay differential equation from the time series of an observable quantity are proposed for various classes of time-delay systems. The methods rely on knowledge of the distributions of extrema of the time series of observed oscillations and projection of the infinite-dimensional phase spaces of time-delay systems onto special low-dimensional subspaces. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by reconstructing delay differential equations from their chaotic solutions, including those corrupted by noise, and by constructing models of real time-delay systems from chaotic time series.     

单模激光混沌特性的理论研究

在光学中，激光是产生双稳态、振荡、混沌等多种自组织现象的典型例子。本文采用非线性理论分析了单模激光的混沌特性，对描述单模激光的非线性动力学方程进行了稳定性分析，从而确定了系统失稳后进入混沌态的分歧点，并利用计算机进行了数值计算，给出了系统呈现混沌态的模拟结果。计算机数值模拟的结果与理论分析的结果相吻合。     

Electrodynamics of Abrikosov vortices: the field theoretical formulation

Electrodynamic phenomena related to vortices in superconductors have been studied since their prediction by Abrikosov, and seem to hold no fundamental mysteries. However, most of the effects are treated separately, with no guiding principles.We demonstrate that the relativistic vortex worldsheet in spacetime is the object that naturally conveys all electric and magnetic information, for which we obtain simple and concise equations. Breaking Lorentz invariance leads to down-to-earth Abrikosov vortices, and special limits of these equations include for instance dynamic Meissner screening and the AC Josephson relation. On a deeper level, we explore the electrodynamics of two-form sources in the absence of electric monopoles, in which the electromagnetic field strength itself acquires the characteristics of a gauge field. This novel framework leaves room for unexpected surprises.     

Infinite-Dimensional Kraus Operators for Describing a Thermal Channel with Self-Kerr Interaction

According to operator-sum representation theory, we have identified infinite-dimensional Kraus operators for describing a thermal channel with self-Kerr interaction after directly solving the corresponding master equation by virtue of thermo entangled state. Then we also prove in detail that Kraus operators hold the normalization. As an example, we exactly calculate the evolving result of a chaotic field in the thermal environment with the Kerr medium and find that the chaotic field evolves into a new chaotic field unaffected by the coupling factor with the Kerr medium.     

Derivation and application of the boson method in superconductivity

This is a review article on the boson method in superconductivity. It covers derivations of the basic equations in the boson method and applications of these equations to the magnetic properties of type II superconductors and to the Josephson phenomena.