用X射线荧光光谱法测定钻井泥浆中的总铬

本文研究了用Ｘ射线荧光法对钻井泥浆中总铬的测定。由于钻井泥浆的种类繁多，使得试样的基本不同，所测的Ｘ射线荧光强度也随之变化，所以必须作出相应的校正。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定铁矿石中的主次量组分

采用熔融玻璃片制样,选用标准样品,以经验α系数和散射线内标法校正元素谱线重叠干扰和基体效应,使用ZSX Primus ⅡX射线荧光光谱仪对铁矿样品中的TFe、CaO、MsO、A12O3、SiO2、P205、TiO2、MnO、V2O5等组分进行测定,分析结果与标准值和化学值相吻合,12次测定的相对标准偏差小于10％．     

便携式X射线荧光光谱法在化肥砷、隔、铅、铬、汞快速检测中的应用

为评估便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)对化肥中砷、隔、铅、铬、汞五种重金属含量测定的可靠性,使用PXRF法分别对4个模拟污染化肥样品,以及在全国11个省、直辖市或自治区抽样的103个化肥样品进行测定,与肥料检测国家标准(GB/T 23349-2020)中实验室分析方法的测定结果进行了比较。结果表明：PXRF法对模拟污染化肥样品中As、Cd、Pb元素测定的准确度在90% ~ 115%之内,相对标准偏差小于10%,对Cr的测定准确度在115% ~ 140%之间,相对标准偏差在3.99% ~ 15.83%之间,对Hg的测定准确度在70% ~139%之间,相对标准偏差在3.68% ~ 9.37%之间。PXRF法测定的结果与实验室分析法所确定的参考值有较好的相关性,R2 在0.8906 ~ 0.9816之间,PXRF法各元素的最低检出含量低于国家标准限值或与之相当。因此PXRF法能满足肥料中五种重金属含量的快速筛查要求,可作为辅助手段用于肥料重金属污染抽查,有效减少抽样量,提高抽样效率。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定钢中的有害元素

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定钢中有害元素P.S.AS.Pb.Zn.Sn的含量,实现了钢中有害元素P.S.AS.Pb.Zn.Sn含量的在线分析。各待测成分的分析范围为：P0.0042％～0.047％.S0．0094％～0.073％.AS0.011％～0.092％.Pb0.0012％～0．087％.Zn0．0005％～0．011％.Sn0．0093％～0．095％。用该方法对标准样品进行测定。测定结果与标准值基本一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．08％～1．90％(n=10)。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定黏土中的主次组分

采用熔融玻璃片制样,选用标准样品,以经验α系数和散射线内标法校正元素谱线重叠干扰和基体效应,使用ZSX Primus Ⅱ X射线荧光光谱仪对黏土样品中的Al₂O₃、SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO、K₂O、Na₂O、MnO、P₂O₅、TiO₂、Cu、Cr等组分进行测定,分析结果与标准值和化学值相吻合,12次测定的相对标准偏差小于10%.     

X射线荧光光谱法在稀土元素分析中的应用

本文研究了Ｘ射线荧光光谱在混合稀土氧化物和高纯稀土氧化物分析中的应用，并探讨了在常量分析中影响分析准确度和精密度的主要因素；样品及标样制备，基体效应校正方法在痕量分析中降低检测限的方法，选择最佳测量条件，降低背景，与分离富集手段相结合，取得满意的结果。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定奶粉中的营养元素

采用粉末压片制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定奶粉中的氮、钠、镁、磷、氯、钾、钙。从仪器的X射线光管铍窗厚度、电流强度、测量时间和样品制样压力等方面优化了N元素的测定参数。选择不同种类的奶粉,由标准方法定值,采用标样建立校准曲线,理论α影响系数法校正基体效应。研究发现,铍窗厚度是制约N元素测定的主要因素,而电流强度的影响较小;手工研磨可较好地实现样品的均质处理;X射线辐照可以引起奶粉褐变,形成类似美拉德反应的外观和气味,并严重破坏内部蛋白质,P,Cl,K,Ca等元素测量结果均发生有规律的变化。该方法对N元素的检出限和相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)分别为900 mg/kg和2.9%,其它元素的检出限和RSD分别小于10 mg/kg和3.0%,测定结果与标准方法一致。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定富锰渣中主次组分

应用X射线荧光光谱法测定富锰渣中Mn,Fe,SiO2,Al2O3,TiO2,CaO,MgO,Na2O,K2O,S,P,CuO,ZnO,NiO,BaO15种主次组分。使用混合熔剂在1050℃熔融制备样片,消除了试样的粒度效应和矿物效应,同时也解决了S元素在制样过程中容易挥发的难题。确定仪器测量的最佳参数,研究了熔样的条件、校正模式。各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)≤10%,测定结果与化学法测定值相符。方法快速、准确、方便快捷,具有良好的精密度和准确性,可用于富锰渣产品的品质评价和成分分析。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定萤石中的氟,钙及二氧化硅

提出艇偏硼酸锂和四硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融制样，以Ｘ－射线荧光光谱法定量测定萤石中ＣａＦ２、总钙和二氧化硅。经实际试样和标准试样检测，本法可用实际试样分析，在ＣａＦ２含量为７７－９８％时，其最大误差为０．６０％。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定锰矿石中的主次组分

采用粉末压片法制样,使用ZSX Primus Ⅱ X射线荧光光谱仪实现了对锰矿样品中锰元素及杂质组分钠、镁、铝、硅、磷、钾、钙、铁的快速测试。虽然方法在分析准确度上不及化学法或熔融制样—X射线荧光光谱法,但方法的精密度好,测试范围广,分析结果与标准值和比对值基本吻合。方法简便、快速,可满足实验室对锰矿石批量检测的要求。     

ICP–AES法同时检测生蚝中铅、铜、镉、铬、铁含量时3种样品前处理方法比较

采用干法、湿法和微波消解法处理珠海生蚝样品,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪在谱线Pb 220.3 nm,Cu 324.7 nm,Cd 228.8 nm,Cr 283.5 nm,Fe 259.9 nm下测定样品中铅、铜、镉、铬、铁5种重金属元素的含量。结果表明,珠海市4个养殖基地的生蚝重金属含量均在国标限量范围内。铅、铜、镉、铬、铁各元素线性相关系数分别为0.999 8,0.999 4,0.999 9,0.999 2,0.997 8,检出限分别为0.020,0.014,0.001,0.036,0.120 mg/kg。干法、湿法、微波消解法的加标回收率分别为72.8%~99.3%,88.0%~102.0%,89.0%~103.0%。微波消解处理样品,ICP–AES法同时测定4种样品中5种重金属的含量,其测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于17%。微波消解–ICP–AES适合生蚝中铅、铜、镉、铬、铁含量的快速测定。     

原子吸收光谱法测定益寿回春口服液中砷铅镉铬汞的含量

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了益寿回春口服液中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞的含量，并参照食品中重金属的限量规定进行了比较。结果表明，益寿回春口服液中的砷、铅、镉、铬和汞均低于限量标准，为该产品的质量控制提供了依据。     

XRF Analysis of Microsamples of Semiconductor Type Multielement Materials by the Thin Layer Method. Determination of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Sb, Yb

 A simple and quick method of durable samples preparation by the thin layer method through direct digesting of the analysed material on the substrate has been presented. Four- and three-component mono- and polycrystals have been analysed. Standards have been used in calibration containing: Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Sb, Yb. To improve the correlation between the concentration and the fluorescent radiation models of mathematical corrections have additionally been used: multiple linear regression, Lucas-Tooth-Pyne model (L. T. P.) and de Jongh model (d. J.). Statistical parameters: detection limits for 0.5 mg samples: Cr–0.041%, Co–0.034%, Ni–0.042%, Cu–0.053%, Zn–0.054%, Ga–0.057%, Se–0.057%, Sb–0.113%, Yb–0.077%. Correlation coefficients: simple regression 0.9946–0.9997, multiple regression 0.9974–1.0000, L. T. P. 0.9993–1.0000, d. J. 0.9995–1.0000. Received August, 1, 1998. Revision March 25, 1999.     

Stoichiometry determination of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3-type nano-crystalline ferroelectric ceramics by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Analysis of small samples of lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF) is presented. The powdered material in ca. 30 mg was suspended in water and collected on the membrane filter. The pure oxide standards (PbO, La₂O₃, ZrO₂ and TiO₂) were used for calibration. The matrix effects were corrected using a theoretical influence coefficients algorithm for intermediate-thickness specimens. The results from XRF method were compared with the results from the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Agreement between XRF and ICP-OES analysis was satisfactory and indicates the usefulness of XRF method for stoichiometry determination of PLZT.     

icp-ms法同时测定卷烟纸中元素铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、镉、铅

电感耦合等离子体质谱(icp-ms);卷烟纸;微波消解     

X射线荧光光谱法测定羰化反应液及催化剂中的铑

建立了以波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪直接测定羰化反应液及催化剂中铑含量的定量分析方法, 采用甲苯为溶剂的铑催化剂溶液做校准曲线标准样品, 铑质量分数测量范围为10～1000 μg/g, 在总测量时间为20 s时, 其检出限为2.2 μg/g. 15次的平行重复测试结果, 相对标准偏差为0.94%. 溶液厚度实验说明, 当溶液的厚度超过14.7 mm时可视为达到无限厚. 并将不同样品同时进行了XRF测试和原子吸收法测量, 结果一致.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定洗衣粉中硅、铝、磷、硫的初步研究

用X射线荧光光谱法测定了洗衣粉中硅，铝，磷，硫的含量，并与化学法进行了比较。结果表明，本法样品处理简单，分析速度快，可用于快速确定洗衣粉的化学成分。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定萤石中CaF2、CaCO3、S、Fe及SiO2

X射线荧光光谱法分析是目前快速分析方法之一,精密度受基体效应、均匀性、元素间干扰等影响。采用粉末压片法制备样品,用X射线荧光光谱法直接测定F、Ca元素,得出CaF_2及CaCO_3含量,并同时分析萤石中S、Fe、SiO_2的含量。精密度实验表明,待测元素的相对标准偏差均低于0.66%(RSD,n=10),能满足萤石中各元素的检测要求。     

Evaluation of different rhodium modifiers and coatings on the simultaneous determination of As, Bi, Pb, Sb, Se and of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn in milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Different kinds of modifiers and coatings on the integrated platform of transversely heated graphite atomizer (THGA) have been tested for the simultaneous determination of two group of elements: the first, the more volatile, formed by arsenic, bismuth, lead, antimony and selenium; the second, the less volatile, formed by cobalt, chromium, cupper, iron and manganese in milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Different Rh-modifiers were studied, such as Rh-coated platforms (Rh), carbide plus rhodium coated platforms (W-Rh, Zr-Rh), carbide-coated platforms (W and Zr) with co-injection of RhCl₃, solutions and uncoated platforms with injection of solutions of Pd(NO₃)₂, Mg(NO₃)₂, and RhCl₃. Milk samples were diluted 1:10 in 1.0% HNO₃ and injected into the tube. The mass of modifier deposited and co-injected in the tube and the use of end capped tubes were also evaluated in order to improve the electrothermal behavior of analytes. Integrated platform pretreated with W plus co-injection RhCl₃ for first group and pretreated with W-Rh for second group were elected. For 20 μL injected samples the analytical curves in the 5.0–20.0 μg L⁻¹ concentration range have good linear correlation coefficients (r > 0.998). Relative standard deviations (n = 12) are <6% and the calculated characteristic masses are between 5 pg and 62 pg. Correspondence: Gian Paulo G. Freschi, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, PO Box 332, 79.804-970, Dourados-MS, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, PO Box 355, 14801-970 Araraquara-SP, Brazil     

HG-ICP-MS法测定纯镍中痕量As、Sb、Bi、Se、Te、Sn

应用本实验室设计的雾室座作为接口，采用气动型流动注射氢化物发生(HG)装置与电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)联机。考察了各种介质条件及镍基体对生成氢化物的影响并应用氢氧化镧共沉淀分离富集，HG与ICP-MS联机测定纯镍中易于生成氢化物的As、Sb、Bi、Se、Te、Sn 6个元素，加标回收率为96．5％-102．2％，RSD为2．4％-5．8％，方法检出限为7．1-30ng／L。