固体强酸催化剂Pd/WO3-ZrO2的制备及其对正庚烷异构化反应的催化性能

 采用共沉淀方法制备了固体酸载体WO3-ZrO2,考察了W含量和焙烧温度等对WO3-ZrO2酸性和物相结构的影响,并且考察了Pd/WO3-ZrO2催化剂对正庚烷异构化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,Pd/WO3-ZrO2催化剂的催化性能与固体强酸的W含量及晶相结构密切相关. 在w(W)=13.2%～15.8%时,经700～800 ℃焙烧,WO3在ZrO2表面达到单层分散,且大部分ZrO2以四方晶相存在,所制备的0.5%Pd/WO3-ZrO2对正庚烷异构化反应的催化活性可达到70.4%,选择性可达到81.0%.     

贵金属对 NM/WO3-ZrO2 (NM = Ru, Rh 和 Pd) 催化乙烯直接氧化制乙酸反应的影响

 研究了负载 Ru, Rh 和 Pd 的 WO3-ZrO2 催化剂在乙烯直接氧化制乙酸反应中的催化性能. 结果显示, 负载的贵金属对催化剂的催化性能有非常重要的影响. Rh/WO3-ZrO2 催化剂具有最高的乙烯转化率, 而 Ru/WO3-ZrO2 催化剂对反应几乎没有活性. H2 化学吸附结果显示, 高的催化性能来源于高的金属分散度. Pd/WO3-ZrO2 催化剂显示了最高的乙酸选择性 (75%), 而其它两个催化剂的乙酸选择性都非常低 (~10%). 程序升温氧化和程序升温还原结果显示, 贵金属–O 键的键强对产物的选择性具有重要的影响. 弱的贵金属–O 键可以通过将氧插入到乙烯和/或乙醛中而有利于乙酸的生成, 而强的贵金属–O 键会导致乙烯完全氧化为 COx.     

用于甲苯催化燃烧的Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2/基底整体催化剂

采用浸渍法制备了Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2/基底整体催化剂,应用热重-差示扫描量热、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、氮吸附、拉曼光谱和程序升温还原等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了不同温度焙烧的整体催化剂的甲苯催化燃烧性能.结果表明,一层均匀紧密的Ce0.8Zr0.2O2涂层很好地分散在基底表面上,该涂层具有良好的抗振荡性和较高的粘结强度.400℃焙烧的Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2/基底整体催化剂的催化活性最高,甲苯转化率达97%以上的最低反应温度为210℃.此外,Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2/基底整体催化剂具有良好的热稳定性,这可能是因为CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的形成和高温下PdO的稳定存在.     

钙改性的Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化甲醇裂解反应

采用共沉淀法制备了未改性的和Ca掺杂的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3样品,进一步用浸渍法制备了Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(Pd/CZA)和Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-CaO (Pd/CZACa)催化剂.运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、储氧量测定、CO化学吸附、NH3程序升温脱附、CO2程序升温脱附、...     

添加WO3提高铈锆固溶体的氨选择性催化还原NOx反应活性

采用程序升温氨脱附、程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱分析手段表征了加入WO3前后CeO2-ZrO2颗粒催化剂的表面性能变化.结果表明,WO3一方面增加了催化剂的酸性,另一方面略微提高了催化剂的氧化还原性能.在氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应中,当NH3/NO=1,空速为90000h-1的条件下,CeO2-ZrO2催化剂上氮氧化物转化率低于65%,而10%WO3/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂催化活性大于80%,所对应的温度区间为220～420℃.通入10%CO2和10%H2O后,由于竞争吸附,CeO2-ZrO2催化剂上的氮氧化物转化率低于46%,而10%WO3/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂上的氮氧化物转化率大于80%的温度区间移至230～500℃.     

水合氧化锆的晶化方式对Pt/WO3-ZrO2异构化活性的影响

 采用不同方法制备了一系列具有一定晶相结构的水合 ZrO2, 考察了制备方法对水合 ZrO2 晶化方式及 Pt/WO3-ZrO2 催化剂催化正己烷异构化活性的影响. 采用 X射线衍射, Raman 光谱和 NH3-程序升温脱附对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 水合 ZrO2 的晶化方式与制备时氧气的存在与否有关, 也大大影响了催化剂的异构化活性. 以无氧条件下制备的水合 ZrO2 为载体时, Pt/WO3-ZrO2 催化剂具有较高的异构化活性, 而以在空气气氛中制得的水合 ZrO2 为载体时, Pt/WO3-ZrO2 几乎无异构化活性.     

焙烧温度对 Pd/Al2O3 催化剂上甲烷燃烧反应性能的影响

 考察了载体与催化剂焙烧温度对 Pd/Al2O3 催化剂上低浓度甲烷催化燃烧反应性能的影响. 采用 X 射线衍射、透射电镜、N2 物理吸附、NH3 程序升温脱附和 O2 程序升温氧化等手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 焙烧温度对催化剂活性及稳定性的影响显著. 随着载体焙烧温度的升高, Al2O3 的比表面积、物相结构、酸中心的数量及强度明显改变, 相应的 Pd/Al2O3 催化剂中载体与 Pd 的相互作用减弱, Pd 分散度降低. 当载体焙烧温度为 1 100 °C, Pd/Al2O3 焙烧温度为 200 °C 时, 所得催化剂在 260 h 的连续反应中, 甲烷转化率始终维持在 99%以上.     

Pd/MnOx+Pd/γ-Al2O3整体式催化剂降解地表臭氧

用高锰酸钾与硝酸锰氧化还原反应制备了高活性的氧化锰(MnO x)催化组分,用胶溶法制备了高比表面积的γ-Al2O3载体,分别用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/MnO x和Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂,然后将两者机械混合涂覆于堇青石上制得Pd/MnO x+Pd/γ-Al2O3整体式催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和低温N2吸附-脱附对催化剂进行了表征。考察了在300至700℃焙烧MnO x对催化剂降解地表O3活性的影响。结果表明,Pd和MnO x之间存在协同作用;MnO x焙烧温度对催化剂活性有一定的影响,其中以600℃焙烧时催化剂的活性最高,O3的起始(12℃)转化率达到88%,完全转化温度为18℃。MnOx的物相和催化剂表面的吸附氧物种对催化活性影响较大,适当比例的MnO2和Mn2O3共存有利于O3分解,表面吸附氧为O3分解的活性氧物种。     

以水热法合成的水合氧化锆为载体的Pt／WO3-ZrO2上的正己烷异构化

通过水热法合成了一系列水合氧化锆,以之为载体采用浸渍法制备了Pt/WO3-ZrO2催化剂,考察了氢氧化锆的水热温度对Pt/WO3-ZrO2异构化活性的影响.通过X射线衍射、NH3程序升温脱附及H2程序升温还原表征了样品的晶相结构、酸性及还原性能.结果表明,水合氧化锆及以此为载体的催化剂的晶相结构均随着氢氧化锆水热温度的变化而变化,水热温度升高,四方相氧化锆比例下降.具有一定晶相结构的水合氧化锆为载体的催化剂具有较无定形氢氧化锆为载体的催化剂更多的强酸中心和更高的异构化催化活性.高的异构化活性可能与催化剂上更多的强酸中心有关。     

共沉淀法制备氧化铝负载Co-Mo双金属氮化物催化剂

采用硝酸铝和硝酸钴的乙醇溶液与钼酸铵的碳酸铵水溶液共沉淀制备了Al2O3负载Co-Mo双金属氧化物前驱体,结合氨程序升温还原法制得了氮化物催化剂Co-Mo-N/Al2O3.利用X射线衍射和N2物理吸附方法表征了制备的前驱体和钝化态Co-Mo-N/Al2O3催化剂的晶相和孔结构,用程序升温脱附、程序升温表面反应及扫描电子显微镜考察了共沉淀法和浸渍法制备的催化剂的晶格稳定性、活性中心和表面形貌,用氨分解反应表征了Co-Mo-N/Al2O3催化剂的活性.结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂比表面积有较大影响,低温焙烧的样品中活性组分散性较好,673K焙烧制得催化剂的氨分解活性最高.与浸渍法制备的Co-Mo-N/Al2O3催化剂相比,共沉淀法制备的催化剂具有更高的晶格稳定性、更均匀的活性组分分布和更高的氨分解活性.     

Effect of Structure of Pd/WO3-ZrO2 Catalyst on Its Activity for Direct Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetic Acid

A series of 1%Pd/WO₃-ZrO₂ catalysts with different W/Zr ratios and calcination temperatures of WO₃-ZrO₂ were prepared by an impregnation method. Their crystal structure, surface state, and acidity were determined using X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption, NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption, pyridine infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. Special attention was paid to the surface states of tungsten and palladium under different preparation conditions. The results revealed that WO_x surface species underwent a transformation from polytungstate species to coexistent polytungstate/crystalline WO₃ and further to crystalline WO₃ particles with increase of W/Zr ratio and calcination temperature. The W/Zr = 0.2 sample calcined at 1 073 K showed the maximum amount of polytungstates, which were responsible for the excellent activity. Moreover, the state of palladium was only dependent on the calcination temperature. Well-dispersed Pd species were responsible for high selectivity to acetic acid, and large metallic Pd particles were favorable for ethylene combustion.     

负载Pd密偶催化剂的载体效应

采用尿素水解法或吸附沉淀法制备了金属氧化物载体,并用浸渍法负载0.5%Pd制得了Pd/Sn0.4Zr0.6O2,Pd/ZrO2,Pd/SnO2,Pd/SnO2-Al2O3和Pd/Al2O3催化剂.采用原位漫反射红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂结构进行了表征,探讨了不同载体对表面PdOx物种化学吸附性质和氧化还原性能的影响,并与样品的丙烷氧化活性相关联.漫反射红外光谱表明,在Pd/SnO2-Al2O3中,Sn对Al2O3表面的Pd原子簇起到稀释作用,促进了Pd的分散,使得其CO线式吸附强度明显高于Pd/Al2O3,但Pd过高的分散度不仅减少了表面Pd-PdO活性位对的数目,而且使反应中间物种Pd-OH之间脱水困难,因而阻塞了活性位,降低了其循环氧化还原活性;而在Sn0.4Zr0.6O2复合氧化物载体中,SnO2有效地阻止了四方晶相ZrO2向稳态单斜晶相转变,且复合载体的比表面积较ZrO2和SnO2有所增加,其表面PdOx物种的分散度适中.此外,Sn0.4Zr0.6O2复合氧化物负载的Pd的价态介于Pd0与Pd2 之间,表面氧空位较多,促进了丙烷中C-H键的活化,使比表面积较低的Pd/Sn0.4Zr0.6O2具有最好的催化丙烷氧化能力,相反比表面积较高的Pd/SnO2-Al2O3活性很差,说明分散度适中且具有较低氧化态的PdOx(0相似文献   

Effect of Cr and Pt promoters on the surface properties of tungstated zirconia: FTIR spectroscopy of probe molecules (CO and NO)

Adsorption of IR probe molecules (CO and NO) has been used for characterization of a Pt-Cr(2)O(3)/WO(3)-ZrO(2) sample. For better assignments of the results obtained 'blank' experiments with WO(3)-ZrO(2), Pt/WO(3)-ZrO(2) and Cr(2)O(3)/WO(3)-ZrO(2) were also performed. The Cr(2)O(3)/WO(3)-ZrO(2) sample was prepared via sulfate route and surface sulfates were detected on the activated sample. These species keep ca. 50% of their initial concentration even after reduction by hydrogen at 773 K. The amount of Lewis acid sites on the activated sample, as measured by CO adsorption, is relatively low and is associated mainly with coordiantively unsaturated (c.u.s.) Zr(4+) cations. Reduction of the sample generates Cr(3+) ions and the concentration of the Lewis acid sites continuously increases with the reduction temperature up to 773 K. At this reduction temperature, however, the strength of the acid sites decreases due to partial removal of the sulfates. While CO is not an efficient probe to discriminate between Zr(4+) and Cr(3+) sites, NO is selectively strongly adsorbed on Cr(3+) cations which allows a more precise monitoring of the evolution of the Cr(3+) sites during reduction. The activated Pt-Cr(2)O(3)/WO(3)-ZrO(2) sample also shows presence of sulfates but these species are practically absent after reduction with hydrogen at 773 K. It was found that platinum promotes the reduction of chromium and tungsten species as well. CO adsorption on activated sample reveals the existence of cationic platinum. However, reduction with hydrogen even at room temperature generates metallic Pt. Its amount continuously increases with the reduction temperature up to 573 K and then, due to the SMSI effect and/or agglomeration, the amount of platinum accessible to adsorption decreases. Comparison with the results obtained with the Pt/WO(3)-ZrO(2) sample shows that chromium and/or sulfates stabilize the cationic form of platinum.     

制备方法对WO3/ZrO2结构的影响

WO3/ZrO2 catalysts prepared from Zr(OH)4 and crystallized ZrO2 have been characterized by means of XRD, LRS (qualitative and quantitative), and the specific sufrace area has been measured. The influence of the preparation method, the contents of WO3 in the samples and the calcination tempearture on the specific surface areas of the samples, the phase of support and the structural states of active component has been studied. The results show: (1) WO3 can disperse on ZrO2 as a monolayer; (2) WO3 dispersed on Zr(OH)4 as a monolayer retards the crystalline growth of the support on calcination, makes it crystallizing into a metastable tetragonal modification, and prevents the inter- crystalline sintering between the crystallites of ZrO2. These factors would result in an increase in the specific surface area of WO3／ZrO2 prepared from Zr(OH)4. As the content of WO3 in the sample comes up to its monolayer capacity, this effect is displayed most fully. A chemical reaction can occur between WO3 and Zr(OH)4 (or the tetragonal ZrO2) at a high temperature(800℃),producing some superacid sites on the surface. By these views, the main experimental facts published in the literatures can been interpreted satisfactotily.     

Pd/WO_3-RGO纳米催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化性能

采用表面修饰技术将WO_3晶粒引入到氧化石墨烯(GO)表面,通过硼氢化钾还原法制备了载钯催化剂Pd/WO_3-RGO.对催化剂进行了结构和形貌表征,并考察了该催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化性能.结果表明,Pd/WO_3-RGO催化剂由石墨烯、单斜态WO_3和立方面心Pd晶粒组成,Pd颗粒均匀分散在载体上;使用Pd/20%WO_3-RGO催化剂电极时的甲酸氧化最大峰电流密度大幅增加,是Pd/RGO催化剂电极甲酸氧化峰电流密度的2.5倍;Pd/WO_3-RGO催化剂稳定性大大增强,且具有更加优异的抗CO中毒能力;Pd晶粒与WO_3晶粒的相互交叠有利于它们之间的催化协同效应,增强催化剂的催化性能.     

Influence of synthesis methods on tungsten dispersion, structural deformation, and surface acidity in binary WO3-ZrO2 system

WO3-ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized by precipitating the aqueous solutions of zirconium oxynitrate and ammonium metatungstate with ammonium hydroxide. The white slurry precipitate was treated under three different conditions. In the as-made materials, the amorphous phase was formed in the aged and refluxed samples, while well-crystallized tetragonal and monoclinic phases were obtained in the hydrothermally treated sample. The real amount of tungsten loaded in the samples was similar for the three samples, independently of the treatments; however, the tungsten surface atomic density in the annealed WO3-ZrO2 samples varied between 6 and 9 W atoms/nm2. Two different contrast types of aggregates were determined by scanning electron microscopy, the white particles which are rich in W, and the gray ones which are rich in zirconium; both of them were formed in the calcined solids prepared under aging or reflux condition. A very high dispersion of tungsten species on the zirconia surface was achieved in the hydrothermally treated sample. The degree of the interaction between WO(x) and ZrO2 surface strongly modified the Zr-O bond lengths and bond angles in the structure of tetragonal zirconia as proved by X-ray diffraction analysis and the Rietveld refinement. The catalyst obtained under hydrothermal condition exhibited the highest dispersion of tungsten species in the zirconia, which in turn causes strong structural deformation of the tetragonal ZrO2 phase responsible of the strongest surface acidity and, consequently, the optimum catalytic activity for n-hexane isomerization.     

焙烧温度对甲硫醇催化剂K_2WO_4/Al_2O_3结构和性能的影响

研究了焙烧温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备的甲硫醇催化剂K2WO4/Al2O3的表面结构和催化性能的影响.表征结果显示,K2WO4在Al2O3上分散得较好,在450和550oC焙烧的催化剂颗粒大小均匀,无明显团聚现象.随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积减小,表面钨物种与Al2O3的相互作用减弱,与碱物种的相互作用增强,酸碱强度降低.K2WO4/Al2O3表面不含质子酸.催化剂活性与其比表面积及表面的共轭酸碱对密切相关.评价结果表明,在550oC焙烧而制得的催化剂活性最高.     

复合固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4-WO3-ZrO2的结构研究

Solid superacid catalyst SO4(2-)-WO3-ZrO2 was characterized by means of XRD,DTA-TG, and surface area measurement techniques. The dependence of the surface area, SO42- content of the catalyst on calcination temperature was measured. It was found that there is a synergy to a certain degree between SO42- and WO3 with respect to the delay of ZrO2 crystallization, the stabilization of the tetragonal ZrO2 and the enlargement of the surface area of the catalyst. The addition of WO3 is beneficial to the stabilization of SO42- and remarkably increases the stability of SO42- at high temperature.