基于二维六方氮化硼材料的光子晶体非对称传输异质结构设计

二维六方氮化硼(hexagonal boron nitride,hBN)材料在产生光学稳定的超亮量子单光子光源领域有着潜在应用,有望用于量子计算和信息处理平台,已成为研究热点.而光学非对称传输设备是集成量子计算芯片中的关键器件之一.本文从理论上提出了一种基于hBN材料光子晶体异质结构的纳米光子学非对称光传输器件.运用平面波展开法研究了光子晶体的能带结构与等频特性,从理论上分析了hBN异质结构中可见光波非对称传输的可行性.同时,采用时域有限差分方法研究了可见光波段异质结构的晶格常数和半径对透射光谱的影响.研究结果显示,该结构实现了在610—684 nm波长范围内TE偏振光的非对称传输,在652 nm波长处正向透射率达到0.65,反向透射率为0.006,非对称传输透射对比度高达0.98.本文提出的结构模型为基于hBN的新型纳米光子器件设计提供了新的可能性,可用于不同功能光学器件的集成设计.     

Photonic bands, gap maps, and intrinsic losses in three-component 2D photonic crystal slabs

We obtain the photonic bands and intrinsic losses for the triangular lattice three-component two- dimensional （2D） photonic crystal （PhC） slabs by expanding the electromagnetic field on the basis of waveguide modes of an effective homogeneous waveguide. The introduction of the third component into the 2D PhC slabs influences the photonic band structure and the intrinsic losses of the system. We examine the dependences of the band gap width and gap edge position on the interlayer dielectric constant and interlayer thickness. It is found that the gap edges shift to lower frequencies and the intrinsic losses of each band decrease with the increasing interlayer thickness or dielectric constant. During the design of the real PhC system, the effect of unintentional native oxide surface layer on the optical properties of 2D PhC slabs has to be taken into consideration. At the same time, intentional oxidization of macroporous PhC structure can be utilized to optimize the design.     

Polarization characteristics of chiral photonic crystal fibers with an elliptical hollow core

The theoretical study of dielectric-chiral photonic crystal fiber(PCF)with an elliptical hollow core is presented.The band structure of chiral photonic crystal(PhC)is calculated by using a modified plane-wave expansion(PWE)method.By examining the out-of-plane photonic bandgaps(PBGs)of chiral PhC,a kind of chiral PCF with a hollow core is designed and their eigenstates are calculated.The distributions of mode field and polarization state are demonstrated,and how the structural asymmetry of the core together with the chirality in the background affects the modal polarization is discussed.The dependences of birefringence on chirality for different ellipticities of core are investigated.     

基于太极形介质柱六角光子晶体禁带特性研究

提出了一种新型的非对称性散射体的二维六角晶格光子晶体结构–-太极形介质柱光子晶体. 利用平面波展开法从理论研究这种光子晶体结构的能带特性以及结构参数对完全禁带的影响. 研究表明:散射体对称性的打破, TE模和TM模能带宽度和数目都会有所增加, 有益于获得更宽的完全禁带以及更多条完全禁带.通过参数优化, 发现在ε = 17, R=0.38 μm, r=0.36R, θ = 0° 时, 获得最大完全带隙宽度0.0541(ωa/2πc); 在ε = 16, R=0.44, r=0.2R, θ = 0°时, 光子晶体完全带隙数目最多达到8条. 关键词： 光子晶体 禁带 平面波展开     

纵模对光子晶体中类狄拉克点传输特性的影响

本文通过数值仿真分析了无序正方晶格光子晶体中类狄拉克点的光子传输特性. 结构中的无序是通过随机移动氧化铝介质柱的位置来实现. 研究发现, 由于纵模被激发出来, 在类狄拉克点及其附近无序对结构透射率的影响是不同的. 在类狄拉克点, 由于纵模的干扰, 透射率随着无序的增加而减小, 与通带的行为类似. 在不受纵模干扰的类狄拉克点附近, 透射率几乎不受无序的影响, 这主要是由于结构可以等效为近零折射率材料, 等效的波长非常大. 本文的研究结果有助于人们进一步理解光学纵模和零折射率材料.     

一维光子晶体微腔在硅基材料发光中的应用研究

硅基材料的高效发光对未来硅基光电子集成的发展极其关键,含微腔的一维光子晶体可以显著提高其发光强度、窄化其发光峰.介绍了几种硅基材料发光的一维光子晶体微腔结构,包括单缺陷模式的对称与非对称结构、多缺陷模结构及电注入结构.利用传输矩阵法计算其缺陷模透射谱,以间接分析其发光谱.     

基于自准直效应的Fabry-Perot干涉仪的设计

报道了基于圆柱型光子晶体自准直效应的低功耗Fabry-Perot干涉仪。该干涉仪是在二维光子晶体中引入两排线缺陷构成的。引入的线缺陷具有高反射率和低透射率。在自准直频率范围0.187c/a~0.201c/a,线缺陷的透射率介于20.77%~40.65%。利用时域有限差分方法对FPI的透射谱进行研究,结果表明对两排缺陷的间距d即使进行微小的扩大也会引起透射峰向低频移动,透射谱的自由光谱范围和透射峰的频率随着d的增大而变小,透射谱的半高宽会随着线缺陷的反射率的提高而逐渐变小。     

A photonic crystal waveguide with silicon on insulator in the near-infrared band

A two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal waveguide in the \Gamma--K direction with triangular lattice on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate in the near-infrared band is fabricated by the combination of electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching. Its transmission characteristics are analysed from the stimulated band diagram by the effective index and the 2D plane wave expansion (PWE) methods. In the experiment, the transmission band edge in a longer wavelength of the photonic crystal waveguide is about 1590\,nm, which is in good qualitative agreement with the simulated value. However, there is a disagreement between the experimental and the simulated results when the wavelength ranges from 1607 to 1630\,nm, which can be considered as due to the unpolarized source used in the transmission measurement.     

渐变折射率光量子阱对束缚态能级的调整

在对称的均匀电介质材料光子晶体体系中插入另一折射率渐变的光子晶体可构成光量子阱结构.利用时域有限差分法计算了不同折射率分布光量子阱结构的传输谱.研究表明：束缚态是对处于垒光子晶体禁带中的阱光子晶体导通带的离散化,束缚态能级个数等于阱光子晶体结构单元的重复周期数；以渐变方式调整阱区折射率分布,可在特定频率范围内得到新的互不交叠的束缚态.这样在有限的禁带区域可以成倍增加光子束缚态而无需增大光量子阱结构的尺寸,使信道密度最大化、光波有效带宽的使用最优化.这种量子阱结构可用于制作超窄带滤波器和多通道窄带滤波器,有望在光通信超密集波分复用和光学精密测量技术中获得广泛应用. 关键词： 光量子阱 光子束缚态 渐变折射率 光子晶体     

可实现奇数通道滤波功能的光量子阱透射谱

针对光子晶体(AB)_m(CD)_n(BA)_m模型,选择适当的结构参数,通过传输矩阵法对其透射谱进行计算模拟发现,在归一化中心频率0.5(ωa/2πc)处,当光子晶体(CD)_n的导带处于光子晶体(AB)_m(BA)_m的禁带中,且两者均以中心频率处为对称中心时,构成镜像对称的光子晶体量子阱结构。在光量子阱透射谱的中心频率处及对称的两侧,分布着具有规律的奇数局域共振峰,出现明显的量子化效应,透射峰数目和位置都可以通过光子晶体(CD)_n的重复周期数n来调节,这一现象可用于设计可调性奇数通道滤波器。     

Demonstration of temperature resilient properties of 2D silicon carbide photonic crystal structures and cavity modes

In this paper, photonic crystal (PhC) based on two dimensional (2D) square and hexagonal lattice periodic arrays of Silicon Carbide (SiC) rods in air structure have been investigated using plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The PhC designs have been optimized for telecommunication wavelength (λ = 1.55 μm) by varying the radius of the rods and lattice constant. The result obtained shows that a photonic band gap (PBG) exists for TE-mode propagation. First, the effect of temperature on the width of the photonic band gap in the 2D SiC PhC structure has been investigated and compared with Silicon (Si) PhC. Further, a cavity has been created in the proposed SiC PhC and carried out temperature resiliency study of the defect modes. The dispersion relation for the TE mode of a point defect A1 cavity for both SiC and Si PhC has been plotted. Quality factor (Q) for both these structures have been calculated using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and found a maximum Q value of 224 for SiC and 213 for Si PhC cavity structures. These analyses are important for fabricating novel PhC cavity designs that may find application in temperature resilient devices.     

PBG properties of three-component 2D photonic crystals

In this paper we analyze theoretically how the introduction of the third component into the two-dimensional photonic crystal influences the photonic band structure and the density-of-states of the system. We consider the periodic array of cylindrical air rods in a dielectric, and the third medium is introduced as a ring-shaped intermediate layer of thickness d and dielectric constant _i between the air pores and the dielectric background. Using the plane wave method, we have obtained the band structures for the 2D triangular lattice photonic crystals. The dependencies of TE and TM band gaps’ widths and gaps’ edges position on the interlayer dielectric constant and interlayer thickness were analyzed. In the framework of this approach, we have estimated the influence of the surface oxide layer on the band structure of macroporous silicon. We observed the shift of the gaps’ edges to the higher or lower frequencies, depending on the interlayer thickness and dielectric constant. We have shown that the existence of a native oxide surface layer should be taken into consideration to understand the optical properties of 2D photonic crystals, particularly in macroporous silicon structures.     

蛋白石型光子晶体红外隐身材料的制备

基于光子晶体的红外隐身材料,主要采取一维层层堆叠结构和三维木堆结构等来实现对红外波段电磁波辐射性能的调控.本文报道了一种操作简易、成本低廉的光子晶体红外隐身材料制备方法.通过优化的垂直沉积法,微米级SiO_2胶体微球自组装成高质量的蛋白石型光子晶体结构.对SiO_2胶体微球进行优选,成功制备了禁带位于2.8—3.5μm,8.0—10.0μm的SiO_2胶体晶体蛋白石型光子晶体材料.该材料可改变目标相应波段的红外辐射特征,具有目标红外波段的隐身效果.     

电磁波在周期介质中的传播及二维光子晶体的光子带结构

光子晶体是光学与凝聚态物理交叉的新领域,也是近年来应用物理学的一个重要研究领域,它是一种由介电常数高的(低的)介质在另一种介电常数低的(高的)背景介质中周期排列所组成的人造多维周期结构材料,能够产生光子带隙。频率落在带隙内的光在晶体里沿任何方向都不能传播,因而具有能够抑制原子、分子的自发辐射等诱人的光电子学特性,在基础研究和实际应用上都有着巨大的潜力。本文在这一领域里进行了富有成效的研究,获得了很好的结果。主要有:(1)利用平面波展开方法来计算二维光子晶体的带隙结构。首先,我们设计正方晶胞的二维光子晶体模型。设x₃方向为介质柱的轴方向,二维周期结构在x₁-x₂平面上。晶胞的晶格常数为a,半径为r,介质柱和空气柱的介电常数分别为ε_a=17和ε_b=1,a>2r。设计的核心思想是通过降低光子晶体结构的对称性,消除光子能带在晶体的布里渊区高对称点上的本征简并。(2)对于二维光子晶体的电磁波理论及周期介质中的Bloch波解做了详细的推导,给出了光子晶体中禁带存在的理论依据。同时以正方格子晶格的二维光子晶体为例,验证了电介质在空气圆孔中的排列存在E偏振和H偏振的光子带隙重叠区,称为绝对光子带隙。对于二维的光子晶体,两种本征偏振模式的光子能带结构可以独立地调节,以实现两者的光子带隙的最优重叠, 从而大大提高了二维光子晶体的完全带隙宽度。     

The study of electro-optical sensor based on slotted photonic crystal waveguide

A compact and sensitive electro-optical sensor based on slotted photonic crystal waveguide (S-PhCW) is demonstrated. The electro-optical sensor can be realized in photonic crystal (PhC) slabs of silicon in Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI). Nonlinear optical polymer is used as infiltration. By applying three-dimensional finite difference time domain (3D-FDTD), the sensitivity and quality factor of electro-optical sensor with different slotted waveguide width are calculated. In addition, sensitivity and the optical properties such as transmission spectrum and field distributions are compared between electro-optical sensor based on line defect photonic crystal waveguide (W1-PhCW) and that based on slotted photonic crystal waveguide (S-PhCW). Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with electro-optical sensor based on line defect photonic crystal waveguide, the sensitivity and quality factor is improved by 30 times and 6.6 times respectively in sensor based on slotted photonic crystal waveguide. Besides, the proposed PhC sensor devices have the advantage of a compact structure with the potential for monolithic integration with optical-to-electrical on-chip conversion and detection.     

Numerical study on characteristic of two-dimensional metal/dielectric photonic crystals

An improved plan-wave expansion method is adopted to theoretically study the photonic band diagrams of twodimensional(2D) metal/dielectric photonic crystals.Based on the photonic band structures,the dependence of flat bands and photonic bandgaps on two parameters(dielectric constant and filling factor) are investigated for two types of 2D metal/dielectric(M/D) photonic crystals,hole and cylinder photonic crystals.The simulation results show that band structures are affected greatly by these two parameters.Flat bands and bandgaps can be easily obtained by tuning these parameters and the bandgap width may reach to the maximum at certain parameters.It is worth noting that the hole-type photonic crystals show more bandgaps than the corresponding cylinder ones,and the frequency ranges of bandgaps also depend strongly on these parameters.Besides,the photonic crystals containing metallic medium can obtain more modulation of photonic bands,band gaps,and large effective refractive index,etc.than the dielectric/dielectric ones.According to the numerical results,the needs of optical devices for flat bands and bandgaps can be met by selecting the suitable geometry and material parameters.     

Tunable transmission and enhanced emission in ordered metallic nanostructures having varying channel shape

Extraordinary transmission spectra for one-dimensional (1D) gratings and two-dimensional (2D) metallic hole arrays change with the hole channel shape. In this paper, a converging-diverging channel (CDC) design was introduced. The transmission spectra corresponding to CDC-embedded nanostructures of 1D grating, circular and rectangular holes (2D hole arrays) are analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) finite-element method. Tuning of optical transmission by changing the CDC structure has been investigated. In addition, a cavity composed of a CDC metallic grating and a 1D photonic crystal (PhC) can lead to an enhanced emission. Large coherence length of the emission can be achieved by exploiting coherent properties of surface waves in grating and PhC.     

由介质球构成的三维光子晶体能带结构的平面波研究

采用平面波展开方法计算由介质球构成的面心立方三维光子晶体的能带结构及透射性质.选 用合适的平面波个数研究了SiO₂蛋白石结构光子晶体的能带及透射性质，并采 用转移矩阵 方法计算了电磁波沿［111］方向的传输特性，两种方法得到的结果相符合.还研究了反蛋白 石结构光子晶体的全带隙.最后，研究了壳层介质球构成的面心立方结构光子晶体的能带特 性，发现在高介质球外面包裹适当厚度的低介电常数介质壳层所构成的光子晶体，可以增大 L点相对带隙宽度50％，并证明了其优化内外半径比值约为0．69. 关键词： 光子晶体 光子能带 平面波展开方法 Core-Shell结构     

Reconfigurable photonic crystal circuits

We describe progress in the field of tuning, (re)configuration of Photonic crystal (PhC) based devices with a particular emphasis on our recent concepts and techniques that we have developed to tune and/or reconfigure the properties of photonic crystal nanocavities. We show how our hybrid approach based on photosensitive material and tapered silica fiber can tune the (Q, λ) properties of preexisting Photonic crystal cavities. We describe our alternative techniques to create ‘a posteriori’ spatially (re)configurable high‐Q cavities in a PhC platform. We show that optofluidics – the fusion of microfluidics with photonic devices – offers an unquestionable added value to the quest of a truly versatile, (re)configurable photonic crystal based photonic chip.     

光控二维光子晶体光开关

提出了一种调节液晶光子晶体光子带隙的方法。二维三角介质柱形光子晶体位于2块熔凝石英片之间,在介质柱之间填充各向同性排列的液晶,受偏振紫外光照射后,光诱导液晶分子定向排列,通过光诱导液晶分子取向改变液晶的折射率。数值模拟结果表明：通过外界光场控制所填充的向列相液晶分子的方向可以对这种二维三角形介质柱光子晶体的禁带结构进行调节。该可调光子晶体可控制波导中TM模和TE模的选择性传输,因而可应用于制作全光光开关。