The Theory of Ionization Waves in the Contracted Discharge of Noble Gases

Positive column plasma in noble gases at middle pressures is analysed for stability in the frames of the linear hydrodynamic theory. At critical values of pressure and current the discharge becomes unstable to radial contraction (contraction) and to wave disturbances of the type of current pinch constrictions (contraction ionization waves). Ionization waves in the contracted discharge are three-dimensional formations with electron concentration oscillations on the axis in the opposite phase with current pinch cross section. The discharge diffuse-recombination theory was used for analysing the problem of instability arising.     

Molecular Emission Spectrohetry ih a Low Pressure Electrical Discharge

A low pressure electrical discharge for excitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, without fragmentation is described. The discharge characteristics as well as the plasma background spectra are given. The application of the discharge for the excitation of molecular spectra of PAHs is described. Difficulties with correction of the analyte emission spectrum for the background emission spectrum of the gas (He) are mentioned. Analytical use of the discharge for detection of PAH3 introduced by gas chromatography is described and is shown to be of marginal analytical use because of the rather poor detection limits of about 1 μg.

Jurgensen and Winefordner¹ have reviewed both reduced pressure and atmospheric pressure nitrogen discharges for detection of atomic and molecular species. The same authors² have also described an active nitrogen-induced chemiluminescence system for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, and achieved detection limits in the range of 0.01 - 2000 ng. The intriguing aspect of the active nitrogen—induced chemiluminescence approach² for detection of PAHs was that the discharge was gentle resulting in little fragmentation of the PAHs and in the appearance of emission spectra characteristic of the parent molecules. Because of the poor understanding of the mechanism of excitation of the large organic molecules and the minimal fragmentation and because of the lack of control of the direct discharge as opposed to the afterglow in the studies of Jurgensen and Winefordner², the present authors began a careful study of the physical and analytical characteristics of this discharge in the fall of 1984. The physical characteristics were reported by Yu and Winefordner³ and indicated that the previous workers², were using the direct discharge plasma as a result of llpoorlv grounding. In addition, the same workers³ showed that the active nitrogen afterglow was not capable of exciting PAHs. In this note, we report on the analytical capabilities of an improved active gas (nitrogen or helium) electrical discharge system for gaseous PAHs.     

不同维度模型原子隧穿电离研究

本文数值求解一维和二维模型原子在强激光场作用下含时Schr??dinger方程,研究了在隧穿电离区相同基态能量和相同峰值场强条件下二者的电离速率,发现一维模型计算得到的电离速率比二维的结果大很多.产生该电离速率差别的原因是不同维度下束缚电子所需隧穿的含时势垒的不同.     

Pressure Ionization of Atoms in Plasmas

It is shown that the main physical reason leading to the ionization of the atoms in plasmas at high densities (pressures) is the Pauli exclusion principle for the electrons which is responsible for the big spatial extension of atoms. Especially for the example of hydrogen the theory is extended to include those effects. Spatial and energetic variants for the definition of the species atom are discussed. The quantum theory of bound states in plasmas is compared with the classical theory of ion association in electrolytes.     

Propagation and Diagnostic of Ion Acoustic Waves in a Low Pressure Argon Discharge

In a dc argon discharge column of pressure 5 × 10^?4 torr, ion acoustic waves are studied experimentally. Plasma parameters obtained from the phase velocity of waves are compared with the Langmuir probe measurements. The wave diagnostic method yields the electron temperature lower than the probe method by a factor of 3…?5, if the atomic argon ion is assumed as a dominant ion species. The axial profiles of ion drift velocity show the presence of ions flowing toward the anode along the potential drop in flont of it. Also it is found that the surface condition of the cathode sensitively affects the propagation of ion acoustic waves through the changes in discharge parameters.     

The Theory of the Convectively unstable Random Ionization Waves

A linear theory of the fluctuations growth in the positive column of a glow discharge due to ionization wave weak convective instability is given. The spectrum of the fluctuations as function of the position along the axis of the column is calculated assuming localised, white noise source. The calculated results are in some cases in a good agreement with the experimental observations.     

Experimental Study of Ionization Waves in the contracted Discharge in Neon

It is proved experimentally that there exist constriction ionization waves propogating in the form of current pinch neckings. Dynamics of abrupt contraction and strate arising is investigated by current modulation near the critical value. Dispersion laws are determined depending on discharge conditions.     

Nonadiabatic Multielectron Dynamics in Strong Field Molecular Ionization

We report the observation of a general strong field ionization mechanism due to highly nonadiabatic multielectron excitation dynamics in polyatomic molecules. We observe that such excitation mechanisms greatly affect molecular ionization, fragmentation, and energetics. We characterized this phenomenon as a function of optical frequency, intensity, and molecular properties.     

Pressure Ionization in Nonideal Alkali Plasmas

A system of electrons (e) and ions (i) is considered in which beside the Coulomb interaction short range forces are taken into account, i.e. for the e-i interaction a pseudopotential is used, and for the (classical) ions crystallographic radii are used. For a Cesium plasma the thermodynamic properties are calculated quantumstatistically in a wide temperature-density region. Degeneration effects are taken into account approximately. In the region with bound states the ionization equilibrium is discussed, and the Mott-Transition is investigated critically. A phase transition occurs in the framework of the model chosen at T_c ≈ 4500 K and n^c ≈ 4.10²⁰ cm^?3.     

Properties of Low Pressure Magnetron Discharge Under the Initiation of Emission Processes on Discharge Electrodes by An Accelerated Ion Beam

Russian Physics Journal - The effect of an ion beam injected along the axis of the anode electrode of a planar magnetron on the ignition of an anomalous low-pressure glow discharge in the magnetron...     

Influence of Forbidden Processes on Similarity Law in Argon Glow Discharge at Low Pressure

The similarity law of gas discharge is not always valid due to the occurrence of some elementary processes, such as the stepwise ionization process, which are defined as the forbidden processes. To research the influence of forbidden processes on the similarity law, physical parameters （i.e., the electric field, electron density, electron temperature） in similar gaps are investigated based on the fluid model of gas discharge. The products of gas pressure p and dimensions are kept to be constant in similar gaps and the discharge model is solved with and without the forbidden processes, respectively. Discharges in similar gaps are identified as glow discharges and the typical similarity relations all are investigated. The results show that the forbidden processes cause significant deviations of similarity relations from the theoretical ones and the deviations are enlarged as the scaled-down factor k increases. If the forbidden processes are excluded from the model, the similarity law will be valid in argon glow discharge at low pressure.     

Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of C-QED Arrays in Strong Correlation Regime

Recently increasing interests are attracted in the physics of controlled arrays of nonlinear cavity resonators because of the rapid experimental progress achieved in cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). For a driven-dissipative two-dimentional planar C-QED array, standard Markov master equation is generally used to study the dynamics of this system. However, when in the case that the on-site photon-photon interaction enters strong correlation regime, standard Markov master equation may lead to incorrect results. In this paper we study the non-equilibrium dynamics of a two-dimentional C-QED array, which is homogeneously pumped by an external pulse, at the same time dissipation exits. We study the evolution of the average photon number of a single cavity by deriving a modified master equation to. In comparison with the standard master equation, the numerical result obtained by our newly derived master equation shows significant difference for the non-equilibrium dynamics of the system.     

Optical Emission Diagnostic of a Low Pressure Planar Microwave Discharge for Plasmachemical Deposition

Low pressure microwave plasmas are of growing interest for plasmachemical applications since they have special and in some cases unique advantages with respect to other plasma excitation methods. Subject of this paper are spatially resolved measurements of the optical emission of a special planar microwave plasma source utilized to investigate different plasmachemical processes. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used as a tool to get information concerning the spatially distribution of reactive atom and molecule concentration by actinometry and concerning the neutral gas temperature by measurements of Doppler line broadening. The results refer to hydrocarbon containing hydrogen plasmas which gas pressures above 100 Pa. Surprisingly measurements confirm an earlier developed simplified two layer model consisting of a preferentially physically active plasma layer near the microwave window followed by a preferentially chemically active decaying region. They give evidence that this model is more adequate to the real physical situation as assumed until now.     

多针对板负电晕放电电离区形貌确定

在前期对常压下多针对板负电晕放电伏安特性研究的基础上,利用光学发射光谱(OES)法检测放电产生的N₂发射光谱,研究其电离区形貌。根据N₂发射光谱中峰值最大的第二正态激发谱峰强度I_SPB在高压针电极周围的空间分布,较精确地确定了电离区形貌;在电离区内体积分I_SPB,获知I_SPB与放电电流I之间的关系。实验结果表明,电离区大小随着外加电压U升高而增大;电子雪崩始于距离针尖半径约1 mm处的球面上,并且只在mm量级范围内发展,即电离区的大小为mm量级;电子雪崩沿针尖轴向比沿径向发展范围大,电离区形貌为“子弹”状;I_SPB的积分值与I成二次相系数很小的二阶线性关系,故放电中受激物质主要是N₂;高能电子主要存在于电离区,迁移区中形成电流的带电粒子为离子。     

Strong Coupling Optomechanics Mediated by a Qubit in the Dispersive Regime

Cavity optomechanics represents a flexible platform for the implementation of quantum technologies, useful in particular for the realization of quantum interfaces, quantum sensors and quantum information processing. However, the dispersive, radiation–pressure interaction between the mechanical and the electromagnetic modes is typically very weak, harnessing up to now the demonstration of interesting nonlinear dynamics and quantum control at the single photon level. It has already been shown both theoretically and experimentally that if the interaction is mediated by a Josephson circuit, one can have an effective dynamics corresponding to a huge enhancement of the single-photon optomechanical coupling. Here we analyze in detail this phenomenon in the general case when the cavity mode and the mechanical mode interact via an off-resonant qubit. Using a Schrieffer–Wolff approximation treatment, we determine the regime where this tripartite hybrid system behaves as an effective cavity optomechanical system in the strong coupling regime.     

类氢原子的强电场电离

强电场情况下,微扰论不再适用,要精确求解Ｓｃｈｒｏｄｉｎｇｅｒ方程．本课题组用数值方法对强电场下类氢原子电离进行了计算,得到基态氢原子的共振态解,与更精确的结果作了比较,证明Ｂｒｅｉｔ－Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ近似在一定误差下是可以接受的． The Schrdinger equation of hydrogen like atoms in a strong electric field is solved by the numerical method instead of perturbation. The resonance ionization of hydrogen atom ground state is computed and comparing with exact result and Breit Wigner parametrisation is useful.     

Dependence of the Breakdown Potential on the Voltage Rise Rate in a Long Discharge Tube at Low Pressure

Technical Physics - We have measured the dynamic breakdown voltage in a long (80 cm) discharge tube in neon, argon, their mixture, and in argon with mercury vapor at pressures of 80–400 Pa in...     

等离子体发生器高压放电特性研究

 从实验和理论两个方面研究了等离子体发生器随毛细管的几何尺寸和 PFN网络的初始充电电压等参数变化的放电规律, 结果将有助于改进等离子体发生器的设计和提高放电的效能。     

Strong Law of Large Numbers for Betti Numbers in the Thermodynamic Regime

Journal of Statistical Physics - We establish the strong law of large numbers for Betti numbers of random ?ech complexes built on $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$ -valued binomial point processes and...