Negatively Invariant Sets and Entire Trajectories of Set-Valued Dynamical Systems

Strongly negatively invariant compact sets of set-valued autonomous and nonautonomous dynamical systems on a complete metric space, the latter formulated in terms of processes, are shown to contain a weakly positively invariant family and hence entire solutions. For completeness the strongly positively invariant case is also considered, where the obtained invariant family is strongly invariant. Both discrete and continuous time systems are treated. In the nonautonomous case, the various types of invariant families are in fact composed of subsets of the state space that are mapped onto each other by the set-valued process. A simple example shows the usefulness of the result for showing the occurrence of a bifurcation in a set-valued dynamical system.     

Poincare''s recurrence theorems for set-valued dynamical systems

In this paper, we introduce a new concept called ‘a pair of coincident invariant measures’ and establish the existence of coincident invariant measures for set-valued dynamical systems. As applications, we first give the existence of minimal invariant measures (see definition below) for a set-valued mapping, and then set-valued versions of Poincare's recurrence theorems are also derived.     

Shift equivalence and the Conley index

In this paper we introduce filtration pairs for an isolated invariant set of continuous maps. We prove the existence of filtration pairs and show that, up to shift equivalence, the induced map on the corresponding pointed space is an invariant of the isolated invariant set. Moreover, the maps defining the shift equivalence can be chosen canonically. Last, we define partially ordered Morse decompositions and prove the existence of Morse set filtrations for such decompositions.

     

A calculus for set-valued maps and set-valued evolution equations

A definition of differentiability of a set-valued map is offered. As derivatives, which are called directives in the set-valued setting, unions of affine maps are used; these are called multiaffines. A multiaffine is a directive if it is a first-order approximation of the set-valued map. One application is a necessary condition for maximin optimality of constrained decisions. A distance among multiaffines permits the development of set-valued evolution equations along the lines of ordinary differential equations in a vector space. The theory is displayed along with some comments on applications.Incumbent of the Hettie H. Heineman Professorial Chair in Mathematics.     

Choquet simplices as spaces of invariant probability measures on post-critical sets

A well-known consequence of the ergodic decomposition theorem is that the space of invariant probability measures of a topological dynamical system, endowed with the weak^∗ topology, is a non-empty metrizable Choquet simplex. We show that every non-empty metrizable Choquet simplex arises as the space of invariant probability measures on the post-critical set of a logistic map. Here, the post-critical set of a logistic map is the ω-limit set of its unique critical point. In fact we show the logistic map f can be taken in such a way that its post-critical set is a Cantor set where f   is minimal, and such that each invariant probability measure on this set has zero Lyapunov exponent, and is an equilibrium state for the potential −ln|f^′|$-\ln |f^{\prime }|$.     

Shift ergodicity for stationary Markov processes

In this paper shift ergodicity and related topics are studied for certain stationary processes. We first present a simple proof of the conclusion that every stationary Markov process is a generalized convex combination of stationary ergodic Markov processes. A direct consequence is that a stationary distribution of a Markov process is extremal if and only if the corresponding stationary Markov process is time ergodic and every stationary distribution is a generalized convex combination of such extremal ones. We then consider space ergodicity for spin flip particle systems. We prove space shift ergodicity and mixing for certain extremal invariant measures for a class of spin systems, in which most of the typical models, such as the Voter Models and the Contact Models, are included. As a consequence of these results we see that for such systems, under each of those extremal invariant measures, the space and time means of an observable coincide, an important phenomenon in statistical physics. Our results provide partial answers to certain interesting problems in spin systems.     

向量集值映射的共轭对偶

借助抽象算子将共轭映射的概念的到抽象空间,引入了集值映射的共轭映射和次梯度,据此讨论了集值映射共轭对偶的全局稳定性。     

On entropy of dynamical systems with almost specification

We construct a family of shift spaces with almost specification and multiple measures of maximal entropy. This answers a question from Climenhaga and Thompson [Israel J. Math. 192 (2012), 785–817]. Elaborating on our examples we prove that sufficient conditions for every shift factor of a shift space to be intrinsically ergodic given by Climenhaga and Thompson are in some sense best possible; moreover, the weak specification property neither implies intrinsic ergodicity, nor follows from almost specification. We also construct a dynamical system with the weak specification property, which does not have the almost specification property. We prove that the minimal points are dense in the support of any invariant measure of a system with the almost specification property. Furthermore, if a system with almost specification has an invariant measure with non-trivial support, then it also has uniform positive entropy over the support of any invariant measure and cannot be minimal.     

Vectorization of set-valued maps with respect to total ordering cones and its applications to set-valued optimization problems

As a result of our previous studies on finding the minimal element of a set in n-dimensional Euclidean space with respect to a total ordering cone, we introduced a method which we call “The Successive Weighted Sum Method” (Küçük et al., 2011 [1], [2]). In this study, we compare the Weighted Sum Method to the Successive Weighted Sum Method. A vector-valued function is derived from the special type of set-valued function by using a total ordering cone, which is a process we called vectorization, and some properties of the given vector-valued function are presented. We also prove that this vector-valued function can be used instead of the set-valued map as an objective function of a set-valued optimization problem. Moreover, by giving two examples we show that there is no relationship between the continuity of set-valued map and the continuity of the vector-valued function derived from this set-valued map.     

连续自映射及其扭扩半流的不变测度

本文研究了紧致度量空间上连续自映射及连续半流的不变测度,并且证明了如下结论:(1)在拓扑等价的无不动点的连续半流的不变测度之间以及在连续自映射及其扭扩半流的不变测度之间存在一一对应;(2)作为(1)的应用,给出如下结论(见[2,定理2.1]):“环面上无不动点的连续流是唯一遍历的当且仅当它至多有一条周期轨”一个易接受的证明.     

On set-valued cone absolutely summing maps

Spaces of cone absolutely summing maps are generalizations of Bochner spaces L ^p (μ, Y), where (Ω, Σ, μ) is some measure space, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ and Y is a Banach space. The Hiai-Umegaki space $ \mathcal{L}^1 \left[ {\sum ,cbf(X)} \right] $ \mathcal{L}^1 \left[ {\sum ,cbf(X)} \right] of integrably bounded functions F: Ω → cbf(X), where the latter denotes the set of all convex bounded closed subsets of a separable Banach space X, is a set-valued analogue of L ¹(μ, X). The aim of this work is to introduce set-valued cone absolutely summing maps as a generalization of $ \mathcal{L}^1 \left[ {\sum ,cbf(X)} \right] $ \mathcal{L}^1 \left[ {\sum ,cbf(X)} \right] , and to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a set-valued map to be such a set-valued cone absolutely summing map. We also describe these set-valued cone absolutely summing maps as those that map order-Pettis integrable functions to integrably bounded set-valued functions.     

局部凸空间中ic -锥-类凸集值优化问题的超有效性

该文研究局部凸空间中受集值约束的集值优化问题的超有效解. 证明了ic -锥-类凸集值映射的一个有用性质, 并以此性质为主要工具, 得到了ic -锥-类凸集值向量优化问题超有效解的最优性条件和鞍点定理.     

Minimal models for noninvertible and not uniquely ergodic systems

Let (Y, S) be a (not necessarilly invertible) topological dynamical system on a zero-dimensional metric spaceY without periodic points. Then there exists a minimal system (X, T) with the same simplex of invariant measures as (Y, S). More precisely, there exists a Borel isomorphism between full sets inY andX such that the adjoint map on measures is a homeomorphism between the corresponding sets of invariant measures in the weak topology. As an application we construct a minimal system carrying isomorphic copies of all nonatomic invariant measures.     

Epidifferentiability of the map of infima in Hilbert spaces

This article deals with derivatives for set-valued maps that take values in ordered vector spaces, in particular it concerns about the relationship between the epiderivatives of a set-valued map and its associated map of infima. When the image space is a real separable Hilbert space ordered by an orthonormal basis, by using a variational technique based on a decoupling of the ordering cone into half-spaces, we show that both epiderivatives coincide under certain hypothesis of compactness and stability. Furthermore we obtain some computation formulas for these derivatives in terms of associated scalar set-valued maps.     

Invariant measures of minimal post-critical sets of logistic maps

We construct logistic maps whose restriction to the ω-limit set of its critical point is a minimal Cantor system having a prescribed number of distinct ergodic and invariant probability measures. In fact, we show that every metrizable Choquet simplex whose set of extreme points is compact and totally disconnected can be realized as the set of invariant probability measures of a minimal Cantor system corresponding to the restriction of a logistic map to the ω-limit set of its critical point. Furthermore, we show that such a logistic map f can be taken so that each such invariant measure has zero Lyapunov exponent and is an equilibrium state of f for the potential −ln |f′|.     

Radon-Nikodym theorems for set-valued measures

Set-valued measures whose values are subsets of a Banach space are studied. Some basic properties of these set-valued measures are given. Radon-Nikodym theorems for set-valued measures are established, which assert that under suitable assumptions a set-valued measure is equal (in closures) to the indefinite integral of a set-valued function with respect to a positive measure. Set-valued measures with compact convex values are particularly considered.     

具有渐近平均跟踪性质的系统

简记渐近平均跟踪性质为AASP.对于紧致度量空间上的连续映射f,证明了:(1)f有AASP当且仅当其逆极限空间上的移位映射有AASP;(2)若f有AASP且是等度连续的,则f是极小同胚.此外,讨论了AASP的拓扑共轭不变性.     

Transitive Limit Closures of Convex Dynamical Systems

Convex dynamical systems are iterated set-valued maps with convex graphs. The closed union of all finite powers of a given convex relation will be called its limit closure. We address the question of transitivity of limit closures and establish a sufficient condition for such transitivity (limit transitivity). We also present examples showing that the limit closure of a general compact convex system is not necessarily transitive. limit closure can be intransitive as well. It is also shown that the restriction of a linear single-valued map to a convex set containing an open neighborhood of the origin is always limit transitive.     

Invariant measures for non-primitive tiling substitutions

We consider self-affine tiling substitutions in Euclidean space and the corresponding tiling dynamical systems. It is well known that in the primitive case, the dynamical system is uniquely ergodic. We investigate invariant measures when the substitution is not primitive and the tiling dynamical system is non-minimal. We prove that all ergodic invariant probability measures are supported on minimal components, but there are other natural ergodic invariant measures, which are infinite. Under some mild assumptions, we completely characterize σ-finite invariant measures which are positive and finite on a cylinder set. A key step is to establish recognizability of non-periodic tilings in our setting. Examples include the “integer Sierpiński gasket and carpet” tilings. For such tilings, the only invariant probability measure is supported on trivial periodic tilings, but there is a fully supported σ-finite invariant measure that is locally finite and unique up to scaling.     

Frobenius-Perron operators and approximation of invariant measures for set-valued dynamical systems

A set-valued dynamical systemF on a Borel spaceX induces a set-valued operatorF onM(X) — the set of probability measures onX. We define arepresentation ofF, each of which induces an explicitly defined selection ofF; and use this to extend the notions of invariant measure and Frobenius-Perron operators to set-valued maps. We also extend a method ofS. Ulam to Markov finite approximations of invariant measures to the set-valued case and show how this leads to the approximation ofT-invariant measures for transformations , whereT corresponds to the closure of the graph of .