Fabrication of Magnetically Stirrable Anisotropic Microparticles via the Microfluidic Method

A one‐step strategy to fabricate magnetically stirrable microparticles with geometric/chemical anisotropies via a microfluidic technique combined with partial phase separation is presented. Monodisperse oil‐in‐water microemulsions composed of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and two polymers, polystyrene and poly(d ,l ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), dissolved in chloroform are generated using the microfluidic method. Upon incubating the microemulsions in pure water at ambient conditions, the solvent contained in the microemulsions is gradually removed and partial phase separation between the two polymers occurs spontaneously. In the meantime, the microemulsion droplets are vertically aligned due to the density difference of the two polymer phases. During the spontaneous phase separation, the MNPs become unstable and the aggregated MNPs segregate downward by gravity to the denser PLGA phase. After complete removal of the solvent, the resulting particles adopt geometric/chemical anisotropies, and they are magnetically rotatable under an external magnetic field. It is demonstrated that the morphology of the anisotropic particles can be controlled readily by adjusting the ratio of the two polymers as well as the concentration of MNPs. It is believed that the developed method based on the partial phase separation and the gravity‐induced segregation of the MNPs enables large‐scale production of magnetically stirrable microparticles.     

Microfluidic Fabrication of Multi‐Drug‐Loaded Polymeric Microparticles for Topical Glaucoma Therapy

In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of multi‐drug‐loaded microparticles are demonstrated for topical glaucoma therapy. Specifically, latanoprost (“LAT”) and dexamethasone (“DEX”) are loaded in monodisperse microparticles (diameter ≈150 μm) of a biodegradable polymer–poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA)—using capillary microfluidics coupled with solvent evaporation. Both individual (LAT in PLGA and DEX in PLGA) and combined (LAT and DEX in PLGA) microparticle formulations are demonstrated. The morphology, size distribution and in vitro release kinetics are studied, and in vitro mucoadhesion of the formulated microparticles is also assessed. In addition, discussion is placed in how precise knowledge of the particle composition enabled by the microfluidic fabrication method and in vitro release rate measurements allow for facile topical formulation design and dose optimization. Such precision‐fabricated, multi‐drug loaded, sustained‐release microparticles are envisioned to serve as a promising platform for topical administration of ocular drugs. This could potentially reduce the frequency of eyedrop‐based drug administration from several times a day to merely once a day (or less), thus greatly facilitating patient compliance and adherence to a strict therapeutic drug regimen.     

微流燃料电池空气阴极物质传输孔隙尺度模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法研究了微流燃料电池空气阴极多孔扩散层内多组分物质传输特性。随机重构了扩散层,获得渗透率及有效扩散系数。建立了耦合边界电化学反应的二维模型,研究了过电位、孔隙率对氧气、水蒸气浓度分布及局部反应速率的影响。结果表明,常用的Bruggeman经验关联式会高估氧气有效扩散系数;扩散层孔隙结构对物质传输有重要影响,孔隙率减小使得传质阻力增大,导致局部氧气浓度降低,局部反应速率降低,而水蒸气浓度增大,当孔隙率从0.83降至0.7,催化界面平均氧气浓度从8.472降至8.466 mol·m^-3。     

方腔内微细颗粒物运动特性的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

对Masselot and Chopard提出的模拟气固两相流动的格子Boltzmann-格子气(LBE-LGA)方法进行推广,能够反映两相间拖曳作用.利用该方法研究封闭方腔内的气固两相流运动特性,分析斯托克斯数St和模拟颗粒数目对颗粒群运动的影响,并与文献结果进行比较,表明LBE-LGA方法模拟颗粒运动是可行的.     

Microfluidic chip-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace elements and their species analysis in cells

Abstract

Accurate identification and quantification of trace elements and their species in cells is an important prerequisite for the exploration of their physiological function and related mechanisms of process involving trace elements/species in human body. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a powerful analytical instrument for trace elements detection, while it still suffers from insufficient limits of detection, interference from complex cell matrix, and incompatible sample consumption in cells analysis. Microfluidic chips which possess advantages of low sample/reagent consumption, rapid analysis speed and high spatial resolution provide perfect miniaturized and integrated platforms for cell analysis. In this article, microfluidic chip-ICP-MS techniques for trace elements and their species analysis in cells were reviewed. Both chip-based pretreatment techniques (e.g., magnetic solid phase microextraction (MSPME), monolithic capillary microextraction (MCME), liquid phase microextraction (LPME)) including chip-based array microextraction techniques for trace elements and their species analysis and droplet chip for single cell analysis were introduced. The newly developed methods of microfluidic chips in combination with ICP-MS for trace elements and their species analysis in small numbers of cells and even single cell were critically discussed, including chip-based MSPME/MCME/LPME-(electrothermal vaporization-ICP-)MS, on-line chip-based array MSPME/MCME-ICP-MS, on-line chip-based array MSPME-high performance liquid chromatography-ICP-MS and online droplet chip-time-resolved ICP-MS. These methodologies were demonstrated with high sensitivity, high throughput, good matrix resistance and low sample/reagent consumption, contributing to the quantification of trace elements/species in cells and even single cells. Relevant 20 references are included herein, and the development trend of microfluidic chip-ICP-MS techniques for cells analysis is prospected.     

离体射流对S809翼型气动性能的影响

在Re=5×106的条件下,分别在S809翼型前缘点附近不同位置处设置离体射流装置,改变射流动量的大小和射流口宽度,探究其对S809翼型气动性能的影响.并通过流场分析,研究这种流动控制手段有效的物理机理.结果表明:在射流装置位置和射流口宽度固定时,射流动量的大小对控制效果影响显著;在S809翼型表面附近设置微小离体射流...     

Concept for the Traceability of Fluorescence (Beads) in Flow Cytometry: Exploiting Saturation and Microscopic Single Molecule Bleaching

We have determined the fluorescence yield of stained micro beads, used for calibration purposes in flow cytometry, as function of the irradiance of the exciting laser beam. A rate equation model has been applied to derive the number of fluorescence molecules carried by each micro bead. To derive in situ photo-physical properties of the specific dye, required for the rate equation model, we discuss an approach based on flow cytometric sorting of micro beads, which have passed two laser beams with properly chosen different irradiances, and subsequent observation of single molecule bleaching employing high sensitivity microscopy. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated presenting first results concerning saturation of fluorescence of beads in flow and single molecule bleaching by high sensitivity microscopy.     

CSR外靶实验终端中子流测量的模拟

随着兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)外靶实验终端中子墙的建立, 为实验测量高能中子提供了机遇. 为确定CSR外靶实验终端对中子流测量的可行性, 基于BUU理论模型分别对对称系统(Ni+Ni, Pb+Pb)和非对称系统(Pb+Ni)进行了模拟计算, 发现当系统能量达到几百MeV/u时, 中子流信号相当明显, 并与碰撞参数有明显的依赖关系. 模拟结果表明, 在前角20°的覆盖范围内, 可以较好地实现中子流测量所需要的反应平面确定及碰撞参数选择. 对双击事件及其对中子流的影响进行了简单的讨论.     

基于耦合微流控芯片的可逆式铵检测及其影响因素研究

铵（NH+₄）的光谱检测有着重要的意义,随着微流控领域的发展,以快速性、便携性以及多组分检测为目标的微流控光谱分析成效卓著。但是分析中存在的指示剂浪费问题一直没有得到解决。锌卟啉作为一种天然的自发光分子,能够实现NH+₄的可逆性检测,解决这一问题,但却存在选择性低的缺点。针对这些问题,实验设计了一种耦合微流控芯片,由反应芯片、气体扩散芯片和检测芯片组成。其中反应芯片用于将NH+₄转化为NH₃,由聚二甲基硅氧烷制成;气体扩散芯片使NH₃扩散进入待测溶液,由上下两片玻璃芯片及夹在中间的一层PDMS材质的气体透过膜制成;而检测芯片则通过多层结构将指示剂固定在其中。指示剂是通过将锌卟啉永久染色在离子交换树脂上制作而成的,在遇到NH₃分子时会产生由绿到紫的变化,而当周围变成纯水环境时,又能够实现从紫到绿的逆向变化。以此耦合芯片为分析平台,搭建了一套小型化的光谱检测系统,以便携式光谱仪为分析器件,通过测量450 nm处的透射光谱强度变化,实现了NH+₄的定量检测,同时研究了影响检测结果的三个参数：气体透过膜厚度,流速和指示剂用量。首先通过光谱强度随时间的变化,我们证明了指示过程的可逆性,因而解决了指示剂浪费的问题,时间响应也说明了指示过程的快速性;接着通过与对照实验的对比,说明检测过程具有很高的选择性,能够排除干扰物的影响,光谱变化仅仅是因为NH₃的存在;通过改变气体扩散芯片中气体透过膜的厚度,得到了膜厚和光谱强度变化之间的关系,膜的厚度增加使得检测效果变差,但当膜厚小于10 μm时效果基本不变,考虑到机械强度,选择了10 μm作为膜的最佳厚度;随即研究了耦合芯片中流速对于光谱强度变化的影响,发现流速的增加会使得光谱强度变化减小,但流速小于5 μL·min-1时效果基本不变;最后又研究了指示剂用量对于光谱强度变化的影响,证明指示剂过多和过少都会影响检测效果,以5 mg为最佳。这套以耦合芯片为平台的光谱分析系统具有体积小,经济性高,响应迅速的特点,能够实现NH+₄高选择性、可逆性的定量测量。     

运动双原子与光场依赖强度耦合系统中的纠缠操纵与量子态制备

将Tavis-Cummings模型推广到同时考虑原子运动及与光场依赖强度耦合的情况.运用原子约化熵和Concurrence操纵了该系统在真空场、弱相干场和强相干场条件下,双原子-场之间以及双原子之间纠缠演化特性.以此为依据,选择双原子与场相互作用时间、选取双原子纠缠因子、调节场模结构参数,控制系统纯态概率幅和选择测量,制备了双原子-场W类态、双原子Bell态、Bell态原子保真态、光场的单光子态、双光子态及稳定的数态.实现了双原子Bell态突然产生及有限时间内的保持、Bell态原子周期量子回声的形成及其信息(态)持续保真.结果表明,该系统具有强大的量子信息功能,为量子信息处理的实验实现提供了物理载体和理论参数.     

绝缘体二次电子发射系数测量装置的研制

成功研制了测量绝缘体二次电子发射系数的测量装置,该装置主要由栅控电子枪系统、真空系统和电子采集系统组成,测量装置产生的原电子流的能量范围为0.8~60 keV。采用单脉冲电子枪法,测量了原电子能量范围为0.8~45 keV的多晶MgO的二次电子发射系数。测量中,收集极(偏置盒)离材料表面设置为约35 mm,偏置电压设置为 45 V。测量得到：用磁控溅射法制备的MgO的二次电子发射系数最大值约为2.83,处于 2~26范围内,其对应的原电子能量约为980 eV。这表明该装置测量的绝缘体二次电子发射系数是可信的,但用磁控溅射法制备的MgO的二次电子发射系数较低,这可能是制备MgO时引入了过多的杂质在MgO二次电子发射体里面所引起的。     

绝缘体二次电子发射系数测量装置的研制

 成功研制了测量绝缘体二次电子发射系数的测量装置，该装置主要由栅控电子枪系统、真空系统和电子采集系统组成，测量装置产生的原电子流的能量范围为0.8~60 keV。采用单脉冲电子枪法，测量了原电子能量范围为0.8~45 keV的多晶MgO的二次电子发射系数。测量中，收集极(偏置盒)离材料表面设置为约35 mm，偏置电压设置为 45 V。测量得到：用磁控溅射法制备的MgO的二次电子发射系数最大值约为2.83，处于 2~26范围内，其对应的原电子能量约为980 eV。这表明该装置测量的绝缘体二次电子发射系数是可信的，但用磁控溅射法制备的MgO的二次电子发射系数较低，这可能是制备MgO时引入了过多的杂质在MgO二次电子发射体里面所引起的。     

马格努斯效应在流量仪表上的应用

马格努斯效应是德国物理学家海因里希.马格努斯在1852年提出的。文章结合马格努斯效应的原理,对现在工业上广泛使用的各种流量仪表进行了简要的阐述。介绍了它们的分类、原理及应用方向,加深了了人们对马格努斯效应的认识与理解,拓展了其在工业上的应用。说明了马格努斯效应的实际性与先进性,并且据有广泛地应用前景。     

QUICK格式在湍流旋流流动数值模拟中的应用

为研究不同精度的离散格式对湍流旋流流动数值模拟结果的影响,同时应用QUICK格式和混合格式对同轴射流旋流燃烧室内的湍流流动进行了数值模拟.在采用k-ε湍流模型的条件下,QUICK格式计算得到的燃烧室内气体轴向与切向速度及轴向脉动速度均方根值分布与实验数据符合较好,而混合格式给出的数值模拟结果则与实验有一定的偏差.     

Device design based on the covalent homocoupling of porphine molecules

Porphine has a great potential application in molecular electronic devices. In this work, based on the density functional theory(DFT) and combining with nonequilibrium Green's function(NEGF), we study the transport properties of the molecular devices constructed by the covalent homocoupling of porphine molecules conjunction with zigzag graphene nanoribbons electrodes. We find that different couple phases bring remarkable differences in the transport properties. Different coupling phases have different application prospects. We analyze and discuss the differences in transport properties through the molecular energy spectrum, electrostatic difference potential, local density of states(LDOS), and transmission pathway. The results are of great significance for the design of porphine molecular devices in the future.     

质子交换膜燃料电池波浪形平行流场研究

质子交换膜燃料电池的传统平行流场存在着传质不佳,高电流密度下大量的液态水无法及时排出导致性能急剧下降等问题.提出了一种新型的波浪形平行流场并利用数值模拟方法优化了波浪形平行流场的几何结构.结果表明,相比于传统平行流场,波浪形平行流场不仅能够有效促进氧气的传输,还能加快液态水的去除,采用波浪形平行流场的PEMFC最大输出...     

Application of a Bayesian Approach to the Tomographic Analysis of Hopper Flow

This paper presents a new approach to the analysis of data on powder flow from electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) using probability modelling and Bayesian statistics. The methodology is illustrated for powder flow in a hopper. The purpose, and special features, of this approach is that ‘high‐level’ statistical Bayesian modelling combined with a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm allows direct estimation of control parameters of industrial processes in contrast to usually applied ‘low‐level’, pixel‐based methods of data analysis. This enables reliable recognition of key process features in a quantitative manner. The main difficulty when investigating hopper flow with ECT is due to the need to measure small differences in particle packing density. The MCMC protocol enables more robust identification of the responses of such complex systems. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the approach for a simple case of particulate material flow during discharging of a hopper. It is concluded that these approaches can offer significant advantages for the analysis and control of some industrial powder and other multi‐phase flow processes.     

反射式流通池顺序注射光度检测系统的研制

提出一种反射式流通池用于过程分析光度检测系统 ,可以明显地抑制折光指数效应产生的干扰。以发光二极管为光源 ,采用多股光纤分别与流通池 ,光源 ,检测器耦合 ,实现对透射后反射回的光谱检测。以Cl- Hg(SCN) 2 Fe(Ⅲ )反应显色体系为模型对系统的实验参数进行了优化。讨论了试剂注入量、进样量、载流流速、试剂注入次序等参数对检测结果的影响。方法的线性范围为 0～ 10 0mg·L-1(相关系数r =0 998) ;分析精度 (RSD ,n =11)为 1 5 % ;检出限为 1 2mg·L-1;分析速度为 30个样·h-1;对自来水和海水的回收率分别为 95 %和 10 4 %。